BAR-CODESPushkar

Sadhukha (265)

Akshay Shelake (271)

Nikhil Poojary (258)

Saurabh Upadhyay

(282)

AGENDA• History of Bar Codes• Why use barcodes?• Bar Code Technology• Bar Code Terminology• Barcode types and use• Bar Code Scanners & its types• Uses• Benefits of Barcoding• Applications

HISTORY OF BAR CODES• The first patent for a bar code type product (US Patent

#2,612,994) was issued to inventors Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver on October 7, 1952. The Woodland and Silver bar code can be described as a "bull's eye" symbol, made up of a series of concentric circles.

•  A local food chain store owner had made an inquiry to the Drexel Institute asking about research into a method of automatically reading product information during checkout.

• In 1948, Bernard Silver , a graduate student at Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia joined together with fellow graduate student Norman Joseph Woodland to work on a solution.

• Woodland's first idea was to use ultraviolet light sensitive ink. The team built a working prototype but decided that the system was too unstable and expensive so they went back to the drawing board.

• On October 20, 1949, Woodland and Silver filed their patent application for the "Classifying Apparatus and Method", describing their invention as "article classification...through the medium of identifying patterns".

The first patent for a bar code type product (US Patent #2,612,994)USPTO

WHY USE BARCODES?

• As far back as the 1960s, barcodes were used in industrial work environments. Some of the early implementations of barcodes included the ability identify rail road cars.

• In the early 1970s, common barcodes started appearing on grocery shelves. To automate the process of identifying grocery items, UPC barcodes were placed on products.

• Today, barcodes are just about everywhere and are used for identification in almost all types of business.

CONTINUED….

• When barcodes are used in the business process, procedures are automated to increase productivity and reduce human error.

• Whenever there is a need to accurately identify or track something, bar-coding should be used.

• Instead of manually typing a customer identification number into a database, if the information is contained in a barcode, a data entry operator may scan it in & this would increase automation and reduce human error.

BAR CODE TECHNOLOGY

It is an automatic identification technology

Bar code is a predefined format of dark bars and white spaces

It contain a specific information

It allows real-time data to be collected accurately and rapidly

Combination of barcode technology with computer and application software

improves performance, And productivity

BAR CODE TERMINOLOGY

BAR

- The darker, non reflective element of a Bar Code

BI-DIRECTIONAL SYMBOL

- A Bar Code symbol format which permits reading in either direction across the bars

and spaces

CHECK DIGIT

- A calculated character included within the Bar Code for error detection

FIXED BEAM SCANNER

- A stationary Bar Code Scanner. The symbol must be moved through the light beam

to be read

• SPACE

o The lighter, reflective element of a Bar Code

• START CHARACTER

o A special pattern of bars and spaces used to identify the beginning of a Bar Code

symbol

• STOP CHARACTER

o A special pattern of bars and spaces used to identify the end of a Bar Code symbol

BARCODE TYPES AND USE

There are two types of barcodes: Linear barcodes and 2D barcodes.

Linear barcodes

Code 128

UPC

Interleaved 2 of 5

2D barcodes

Data Matrix

PDF417

Maxicode

Established Standard Common Use Symbology

AIAG Automotive item identification Data Matrix

UPCA, EAN13 Items for sale worldwide UPC/EAN

MIL-STD-130L US Department of defense Data Matrix

SSCC-18 Shipping cartons Code 128

Some established barcode industry standards include:

Linear barcodesUPC-A: - Universal product code seen on almost all retail products in the USA and Canada

EAN-13: -European Article Numbering international retail product code.

It is used world-wide where the country code is required for marking retail items . This code

is composed of 2 numbers for country code,10 numbers for data characters and one for

checksum.

Coda bar: - Older code often used in library systems, sometimes in blood banks

Code 128:  Very capable code, excellent density, high reliability; in very wide use world-

wide

Code 39:  General-purpose code in very wide use world-wide

2-DIMENSIONAL BARCODES

• PDF417:  Excellent for encoding large amounts of data

• DataMatrix:  Can hold large amounts of data, especially suited

for making very small codes

• Maxicode:  Fixed length, used by United Parcel Service for

automated package sorting

ALGORITHM TO CALCULATE THE CHECK DIGIT

• Calculated with the first 12 digits

• They are given from left to right the weights 1 and 3, alternatively.

• Then we sum them all, we take the rest of the division by 10, and the check digit is the complement to 10 to this rest.

• Example for the code 7 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1

• 7x1 + 6x3 + 1x1 + 2x3 + 3x1 + 4x3 + 5x1 + 6x3 + 7x1 + 8x3 + 9x1 + 1x3

=113

113/10=10*11+3

3+7=10 The check digit is 7

BAR CODE SCANNERS

• A device used to extract information optically from a Bar Code

• Bar Code symbol consists of series of vertical dark bars separated by

spaces

• When illuminated reflected light is detected by electro optical sensor

• The intensity of reflected light from the dark bars is less than that of spaces

BARCODE SCANNING SYSTEM

TYPES OF SCANNERS

• There are three basic types of bar code scanning devices:

• Contacts Wands (Readers)

• Active Non-Contact Readers

• Passive Non-contacts Readers

CONTACT READERS

Must touch or come in close proximity of

symbol

Good where the label cannot be placed in

an easy-to-view position

Normally hand-held/stationary units

Common type is pen/wand reader

Positioned angle of wand to the surface and

movement speed across the symbol are key

parameters

NON-CONTACT READERS

• Reader need not come in contact

with symbol

• Scan distance may be from 6” to

several feet depending upon symbol

size and scanner design

• Hand-held, fixed beam readers

NON-CONTACT READERS

Active Non-Contact Readers

• Use of helium-neon gas lasers as a light source

• Light is coherent (single frequency)

• Can detect the orientation of the symbol (using figure-eight or stbtarus)

Passive Non-contacts Readers

• Use a light source and a single photo detector

• Operates like a video camera

• The image of the bar code is focused on to an array of photo detectors, usually a charge coupled device (CCD)

CCD SCANNER

USES OF BAR CODESBar codes can be used in every business around the world

to track assets in any building including every desk, computer, telephone, copier and desk accessory.to track mail from the time it arrives in the mail room to the time it is delivered to each desk or location within an office.to help security guards identify every employee, every door they enter and every room they work in.to secure, lock or unlock entrances or exits throughout the plant.

to manage and track your vehicle fleet and each driver

BENEFITS OF BAR CODING

REPRESENT UNIQUE IDENTITY OF A PRODUCT

ACCURACY OF DATA INPUT (ERROR FREE)

AID EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES AND INVENTORIES

LABOUR SAVINGS BY AVOIDING MANUAL SYSTEM

COST EFFICIENT

REAL TIME DATA COLLECTION

RAPID ACCESS TO TOTAL PRODUCTION COSTS

APPLICATIONS• SHIPPING• ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI)

• Direct communication between computers of two companies (Manufacturer & Vendor)• Industry-wide EDI standards• Reduces cost and saves time of business transaction

• RETAIL APPLICATIONS• Super markets• Counter-mounted Bar Code scanners• Universal Product Code (UPC)• Price and description information

• WARE HOUSING• HEALTH CARE APPLICATIONS

• Drugs, devices, instruments• Identification of expiry date• Blood banking

• Blood group• Expiry date• Donor traceability

CONCLUSION

• Barcodes are very useful and used all over the world

• With the common use of mobile phone, 2D barcodes will become the most spread ones

• Not only will they be used to identify products but also to communicate (SMS, MMS ,address contact also to communicate (SMS, MMS, address, contact cards)

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