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Sustaining a Global Community: Art andReligion in the Network of BaroqueHispanic-American Paintings
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Sustaining a Global Community: Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque
Hispanic-American Paintings
Juan Luis Suárez, Fernando Sancho, Javier de la [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
2 | Internal use only2 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Introduction (1)
• Paper at Arts, Humanities, and Complex Networks — 2nd
Leonardo satellite symposium at NetSci2011.
– Multi-disciplinary collaboration.
– Multi-scale analysis.
– Hispanic Monarchy from the 16th through the 18th
centuries.
– Thousands artworks & their descriptions.
3 | Internal use only3 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Introduction (2)
• Origin:
– Filemaker and MySQL databases.
– Web based: http://baroqueart.cultureplex.ca.
4 | Internal use only4 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Introduction (3)
• Storing semantic information.
– Text fields.
– Ad-hoc descriptors.
– Formal ontology:
http://ontologies.cultureplex.ca.
5 | Internal use only5 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Methodology (1)
• Huge amount of data (aprox.):
– 100,000 total topics.
– 77,000 atomic descriptions.
– 11,000 artworks.
– 1,600 creators.
• We should have a network... But how?
6 | Internal use only6 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Methodology (2)
• Undertstanding the model (schema).
7 | Internal use only7 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Methodology (3)
• Undertstanding the objects (data).
8 | Internal use only8 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Methodology (4)
• And the relations among them.
• There's no only one possible graph:
– We chose the one created from descriptors and
artworks.
9 | Internal use only9 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Methodology (5)
• Step 1: Visualize artworks as nodes and take each pair of
them.
Artwork 1
Artwork 2
10 | Internal use only10 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Methodology (6)
• Step 2: Add descriptors as properties.
Artwork 1
Artwork 2
Descriptor 1
Descriptor 3
Descriptor 5
Descriptor 4
Descriptor 2
Descriptor 7
Descriptor 2
Descriptor 4
Descriptor 6
11 | Internal use only11 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Methodology (7)
• Step 3: Remove the distinct descriptors between each pair
of nodes.
Artwork 1
Artwork 2
Descriptor 4
Descriptor 2
Descriptor 2
Descriptor 4
12 | Internal use only12 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Methodology (8)
• Step 4: Create an edge between the nodes if there are
shared descriptors.
Artwork 1
Artwork 2
Descriptor 4
Descriptor 2
Descriptor 2
Descriptor 4
13 | Internal use only13 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Methodology (9)
• Step 5: Weigh the edge with the number of shared
descriptors.
Artwork 1
Artwork 2
Descriptor 4
Descriptor 2
Descriptor 2
Descriptor 4
2 Descriptor 4
Descriptor 2
14 | Internal use only14 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Methodology (10)
• Step 6: Remove the descriptors.
Artwork 1
Artwork 2
2
15 | Internal use only15 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Methodology (11)
• Limiations:
– Too many relational JOINs: PC's crashing!
– Close to billions of edges: Unmanageable.
• Solutions:
– Create edges if at least 6 shared descriptors.
– Split the entire dataset into 12 sections, each one
relative to 25 years: from 1550-1575 to 1825-1850.
– And...
16 | Internal use only16 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Methodology (12)
Visualizations
Visualizations
Visualizations
17 | Internal use only17 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Visualizations (1)
• Raw graphs.
– Layout algorithms: Philogeny3D, OpenOrd, Yigan Hu &
Force Atlas.
– Modularity classes analysis.• Only those that represent at least 1% of the total nodes.
– Topological filtering.• Degree range > 4.
– Partition and colouring.
18 | Internal use only18 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Visualizations (2)
• Raw graphs.
19 | Internal use only19 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Visualizations (3)
• Clustered graphs.
– From raw graphs.
– Clustering by modularity class.
– Dual circle layout.• High degree nodes outside.
• Sorting by number of children.
20 | Internal use only20 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Visualizations (4)
• Clustered graphs.
21 | Internal use only21 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Visualizations (5)
• Semantic Maps.
– According to certain descriptors.• Religious, Civil. Portrait, Saint, Virgin & Christ.
– Multidimensional scaling-like algorithm.• Representation in a 2D space by similarity.
22 | Internal use only22 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Visualizations (6)
• Semantic Maps.
23 | Internal use only23 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Interpretation
• And now, what could we do with all this?
– Know what questions to ask.
– Interpret the data and the visualizations.
– Answer them!• Support the solutions with statistics.
24 | Internal use only24 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Research questions
• Is it possible to create and sustain global communities
through a shared network of images and symbols?
• In the case of the network of paintings we are considering,
what type of religion and what type of art contribute to
the very existence of the network?
• Is art a candidate for one of the institutions that help
sustain large-scale societies and large-scale
interactions?
25 | Internal use only25 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Conclusions
• The descriptor “civil” takes over the first position in our
network.
• The importance of the descriptors “virgins” and “saints”
over most of the time studied here.
• The role of the “portrait” descriptor is especially relevant as
a bridge between the religious and the civil paintings.
26 | Internal use only26 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Further Work
• Improve the geo-locations of sources of paintings.
• Compare modularity classes to places.
• Reveal transfers of topics and culture across the space and
time.
27 | Internal use only27 | Suárez, JL; Sancho, F; de la Rosa, J | Art and Religion in the Network of Baroque Hispanic-American Paintings
Thanks
Questions?