Renewable energy sources using piezoelectric sensors and solar

panels

By

Tanveer Ahmed

Abstract The utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is

very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like

India and China where the roads, railway stations, bus stands, temples, etc.

are all over crowded and millions of people move around the clock. And

With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India's theoretically calculated

solar energy incidence on its land area alone, is about 5,000 trillion

kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year The solar energy available in a year exceeds

the possible energy output of all fossil fuel energy reserves in India.

In this project we are generating electrical power by non-conventional

method by simply walking or running on the foot step and by solar panels.

Use of embedded technology makes this system efficient and reliable.

Hardware requirements

Power supply

LCD display

ADC

Inverter

Voltage sampler

Rechargeable battery

Piezo-electric transducer

Solar panel

8051 microcontroller

AC Ripple neutralizer

Block diagram

8051

Power supply

Solar panel

A C ripple neutralizer

Piezo electric transducers

Quantizing and Encoding

LCD

Rechargeable battery loadinverter

Voltage sampler

Circuit diagram

Power circuit Bridge rectifier or smoothing circuit is used to remove

ripples from dc output of rectifier.

Sunday, March 27, 2016WineYard technologies

7812

7805

C1

C2

5V

12V

C

C=1000uF C1,C2=104pF R1,R2=330

R1

R2

8051 MICROCONTROLLER

MICROCONTROLLER

The 8051 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit

microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable

Flash memory.

The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density

nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the

industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out.

Pin diagram of the 8051 DIP

Among its major features are its lightweight

construction, its portability, and its ability to be

produced in much larger screen sizes than are

practical for the construction of cathode ray tube

(CRT) display technology.

Pin:1 Ground

Pin:2 Vcc +5V

Pin:3 Contrast control

Pin:4 Register select (RS)

Pin:5 Read/Write (RD/WR)

Pin:6 Enable (EN)

Pin:7 – 14 pins all are data pins D0 – D7

Pin:15 Vcc +5V }

Pin:16 Ground }

Invertor and ADC A power inverter, or inverter, is a device or circuitry that changes direct

current (DC) to alternating current (AC).

The ADC0808 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device

with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter,8-channel multiplexer and

microprocessor compatible control logic.

The ADC0808 offers high speed, high accuracy, minimal temperature

dependence, excellent long-term accuracy and repeatability, and consumes

minimal power.

Voltage sampler In electronics, a sample and hold (S/H, also "follow-and-hold") circuit is

an analog device that samples (captures, grabs) the voltage of a

continuously varying analog signal and holds (locks, freezes) its value at a

constant level for a specified minimum period of time.

They are typically used in analog-to-digital converters to eliminate

variations in input signal that can corrupt the conversion process.

A typical sample and hold circuit stores electric charge in a capacitor and

contains at least one FET (field effect transistor) switch and at least

one operational amplifier . To sample the input signal the switch connects

the capacitor to the output of a buffer amplifier.

The buffer amplifier charges or discharges the capacitor so that the voltage

across the capacitor is practically equal, or proportional to, input voltage.

Solar Panels Solar panel refers to a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a

source of energy for generating electricity or heating.

This process uses semiconductors which when excited by the photons,

release a free electron that is then lose to flow as current.

silicon solar cells can reach efficiencies of around 18%

and more expensive space grade solar cells made from triple junction

gallium arsenide can reach about 32% efficiency in production models.

Piezoelectric effect A piezoelectric sensor is a

device that uses the piezoelectric

effect to

measure pressure, acceleration,

strain or force by converting

them to an electrical signal.

The piezoelectric effect was

discovered in 1880 by two

French physicists,

brothers Pierre and Paul-

Jacques Curie, in crystals of

quartz, tourmaline, and Rochelle

salt . In Greek work piezein,

which means "to press.“

working The power from solar panels is rectified and

smoothened to be stored in rechargeable battery and so is for piezoelectric transducers.

When supply is cut we use the power stored in battery or on a sunny day we use solar power or on a crowded day we use piezo-electric power as our main aim is to economize power.

The LCD is used do display the output voltage at the load or battery

we will have power during power cuts and faults also.

Advantages No green house gases.

Decentralization of power or being self-reliant .

Solar energy avoids politics and price volatility (no tension of current bills).

Saving eco-systems and livelihoods (no use of raw materials).

Supplying additional power to grid may be paid.

The whole system is rugged so carefree and maintenance free life (solar panels have 30 -40 years warranty and piezo devices are very tough).

Other advantages of piezo devices are condition , structural health , data monitoring and transmission , product monitoring such as sensors in machines.

conclusion The project “

” is successfully tested and implemented which is the best

economical, affordable energy solution to common people.

This can be used for many applications in rural areas where power

availability is less or totally absence.

As India is a developing country where energy management is a big

challenge for huge population. By using this project we can drive

both A.C. as well as D.C loads according to the force we applied on

the piezo electric sensor.

By observing India large population and crowded places, and also

with above 300 sunny days an year this project would be a perfect

solution to clear india’s energy deficit.

References JoaqunGutirrez, Juan Francisco Villa-Medina, Alejandra Nieto- Garibay, And

Miguel ngelPorta-Gndara, ”Automated Irrigation System Using A Wireless Sensor Network And Gprs Module”, Ieee Transactions On Instrumentation And Measurement, Vol. 63, No. 1, January 2014.

Vimal.P, Priyanka.V, Rajyasree.M, SanthiyaDevi.P.T, Jagadeeshraja.M, SuthanthiraVanitha.N,”A Novel Approach for Automatic Irrigation and Fertigation Using Embedded System,” International Journal of VLSI and Embedded Systems-IjvesVol 05, Article 03257; March 2014.

LiaiGao, Meng Zhang, GengChen,”An Intelligent Irrigation System Based On Wireless Sensor Network and Fuzzy Control, “Journal of Networks, Vol. 8, No. 5, May 2013.

Orazio Mirabella, Senior Member, IEEE, and Michele Brischetto,”A Hybrid Wired/Wireless Networking Infrastructure For Greenhouse

Management,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 60, No. 2, February 2011.

Vimal.P, Priyanka.V, Rajyasree.M, SanthiyaDevi.P.T, Jagadeeshraja.M, SuthanthiraVanitha.N,”A Novel Approach for Automatic Irrigation and Fertigation Using Embedded System,” International Journal of VLSI and Embedded Systems-IjvesVol 05, Article 03257; March 2014.

Web References http://www.garmin.com/products/gps35

http://www.alldatasheet.com

http://www.mathworks.com

http://www.national.com/ds/LM/LM35.pdf

http://www.nxp.com/documents/user_manual/UM10139.pdf