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Managing health in the face of changing climate Ruth Clements

Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

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This presentation forms part of the Farming Futures workshop 'Making livestock farming fit for the future' 9th December 2009

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Page 1: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Managing health in the face of changing climate

Ruth Clements

Page 2: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Challenges associated with climate change

• Economic – more people to feed, but not an elastic demand. Pressure on cost of production and efficiency.

• Adaptation – be that cycles of change, increased volatility or overall change.

• Mitigation – what might we be required to do to reduce the carbon footprint:– Intensify– De‐intensify– Integrated farming

Page 3: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Disease and ill health costs ...• What have been the changing direct costs in 1000 ewe sheep production at FAI linked to changing climate patterns:– BTV vaccination = 0.60p/dose             £1,400/yr

– Initial loss of sheep to fluke                 £2,500 

– Subsequent increased fluke tx £348/yr

– Increased use of wormers                    £331/yr

– Change of product insecticide             £661/yr

• Impacts on efficiency and productivity are often difficult to quantify. Much disease is sub‐clinical.

Page 4: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Managing Animal Health

The challenge is to plan and prioritise, and to keep an open mind to changes.

Page 5: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Managing health

• Encouraging tolerance to disease can be very useful.– Adaptive breeding

• Managing environment and modifying husbandry methods.

• Working on optimal nutrition, particularly micro‐nutrients.

• Quantifying the current situation – Knowing where you stand, and what the national picture is

Page 6: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Quantifying current situation• Current production and herd/flock records:

– Production parameters, disease levels, costs.

• Diagnostics, ongoing monitoring and response to change.

Page 7: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Liver Fluke at FAI – an example

River Thames

Kings lock

Seacourt tributary

Acute flooding caused by heavy rainfall.Short term effects:•Initial deaths•Stress related illness•Concurrent disease•Insufficient pastureLonger term effects:•Change in habitat•Change in plant and animal species

Juncus inflexus

Page 8: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Investigation of Liver Fluke at FAI• After initial acute problem a revised plan was needed .

• We first quantified the overall scale of problem.

Key Factors• Water habitat• Aquatic snail host•Pasture indicators• Egg excretion• Clinical signs in animals

Page 9: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Investigation of Liver Fluke

Environmental Indicators

Animal Indicators

Page 10: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Investigation of Liver Fluke

Page 11: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Fluke Health plan

Page 12: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Example – Lameness at FAI

• Improvement in lameness levels at FAI, but problem remains costly in terms of time, meds, and welfare.

• National incidence estimated at between 6 ‐11%.

• A new initiative has been developed alongside an innovative sheep farmer who recognised the cost of treating lame sheep and was not prepared to accept ill health as normal in his flock.

• A new protocol was developed aimed a tackling lameness with a combination of measures.

Page 13: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Foot rot and ScaldLameness Reduction programme Protocol

Initial Protocol ‐ Overview

• Use cull tags to identify animals badly affected by foot rot , be ruthless to begin with. Any animal treated for moderate or severe foot rot (see lameness scoring guide) more than once in one season should be cull tagged, and separated from the main flock at the earliest possible convenience.

• Catch and treat any lame animal seen in accordance with the treatment protocol.• Run flock through 10% zinc sulphate footbath at gathering as a preventative measure and in the event of 

outbreaks.• Assess handling and housing facilities and pasture to identify any particular areas likely to increase the risk of 

disease transmission. Where possible modify these facilities or take remedial measures to reduce disease transmission.

• Vaccinate all breeding stock in January and June with the Footvax vaccine. Vaccinate any lambs over wintered in January.

• Quarantine all incoming stock in accordance with quarantine protocol. Identify disease and treatment history of all replacement stock. Review buying policy.

Key Elements1.Breed for resistance – CULL2.Encourage immunity – VACCINATE3.Prevent spread – TREAT, MODIFY4.Prevent Introduction ‐ QUARANTINE

Page 14: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Current programme• Initial roll out on three farms – quantification of current problem, modification of protocol, resolution of practical issues.

Page 15: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Lameness Health plan

The challenge is to plan and prioritise, and to keep an open mind to changes.

Page 16: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Actions for the future – what can we do?

• Quantify the current situation.• Decide on production criteria and work out how to tackle health concerns.

• Operate the health plans effectively.• Use disease forecasts, and keep an open mind to ongoing changes.

• Farm vets and health professionals can help in decision making but this needs to be a farmer led partnership.

Page 17: Beef and Sheep: Managing health in the face of changing climate - Ruth Clements (FAI)

Planning for Health

• Once the situation is quantified an overall timed action plan can be determined.

• Ongoing adaptation is key, system must be easily accessible and changeable over time.