BIO 1A Biodiesel Industry

Overview

Presented by the National Biodiesel Board

National Biodiesel Board

•  The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) is the trade association for the U.S. Biodiesel Industry

•  Receives funding from 3 sources: o Soybean Check-off program (i.e. farmers) o Government Grants and programs o Biodiesel Producer contributions

•  Technical, Regulatory, Marketing and Lobbying

•  Over $100MM over last 15 years primarily from soybean farmers

Topics for Today:

•  Background on the NBB •  What is biodiesel? •  Biodiesel Carbon Reduction •  Biodiesel Sustainability •  OEM Acceptance •  Biodiesel Resources

Learning Objectives

  •Provide comprehensive training seminar

about biodiesel production, use, performance, quality, and emissions

o Provide access to industry experts for more detailed questions and answers about biodiesel

o Introduce the National Biodiesel Board’s Diesel Technician Training program and the program resources to the audience

Learning Outcomes

  • Be able to answer general questions about

biodiesel that you may be asked as a technician

  • Be able to identify the key reasons why customers want biodiesel

  • Be able to explain the importance of biodiesel fuel quality and the BQ-9000 program

  • Be able to discern issues between normal diesel problems and poor quality biodiesel imposters or out-of-spec biodiesel when they hit the shop

What is Biodiesel?

•  biodiesel, n. -- a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from plant oils or animal fats, designated B100.

•  biodiesel blend, n. -- a blend of biodiesel

fuel with petroleum-based diesel fuel designated BXX, where XX is the volume percent of biodiesel.

Making Biodiesel

(Catalyst) 100 pounds + 10 pounds = 10 pounds + 100 pounds Triglyceride Alcohol Glycerine Mono-Alkyl Esters (Oil/Fat) (Methanol) (Biodiesel) •  Biodiesel is commonly produced through a process

called transesterification •  Raw Oils and Fats are NOT Biodiesel •  Other ‘Renewable Products’ are NOT Biodiesel •  Must be long chain mono alkyl esters of fats/oils •  Must meet ASTM D 6751 - Biodiesel (B100) spec in

place since 2001 and being continually improved

Benefits of Biodiesel

•  Performance •  Biodiesel blends up to B20

can be used in any diesel engine without modification, according to manufacturers’ recommendations

•  High Cetane (avg. over 50) •  B20 provides similar horse-

power, torque, towing capability and fuel economy

•  High Lubricity, even in blends as low as 1-2%

•  Ultra Low Sulfur avg < 2 ppm

•  Reduces HC, PM, CO in diesel engines

B5: The official fuel of the 2009 Volkswagen Jetta TDI Cup

Racing Series.

Benefits of Biodiesel Environmental •  50% to 80% Lifecycle Carbon Reduction

•  B100 is Biodegradable and Non-toxic

•  Reduces PM, CO, HC by up to 50% compared to petrodiesel in non-aftertreatment engines

•  In 2008 alone, biodiesel’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions reduction was equal to the emissions of 980,000 passenger vehicles

Energy Balance

•  Biodiesel has the highest energy balance (5.54 : 1) of any commercially available fuel, returning 5.54 units of renewable energy for every 1 unit of fossil energy needed to produce it.

•  Compression Ignition Platform (i.e. diesel engine system) is 30% More Fuel Efficient Than Spark Ignition (i.e. gasoline, CNG, propane)

Benefits of Biodiesel

•  Energy Security o Renewable, domestic resource

o Biodiesel produced in the U.S. in 2008 displaced 38.1 million barrels of crude oil

•  Green Jobs/Economic Growth  In one year, supported 51,893 jobs in all sectors of

the economy  Added $4.287 billion to the nation’s Gross Domestic

Product

ASTM Standards for Biodiesel •  ASTM D6751 is the approved standard for B100 for

blending up to B20, in effect since 2001 o  Performance-based standard: Feedstock and Process

Neutral o  47 states have now legislatively adopted the ASTM D6751

specifications for biodiesel •  D975 – Covers petrodiesel and blends up to 5%

biodiesel maximum for on/off road engines •  D7467 – Covers blends containing 6% to 20%

biodiesel for on/off road engines •  47 States have adopted ASTM D6751 into law

Biodiesel Specifications

BQ-9000 Program

•  Biodiesel Industry’s equivalent to an ISO 9000 program for biodiesel production & distribution companies as well as testing labs

•  BQ-9000 works hand-in-hand with the ASTM specifications for biodiesel

•  Quality Control System covers biodiesel manufacturing, sampling, testing, blending, storage, shipping, distribution

•  ASTM Grade Fuel, BQ-9000 Companies

Current Industry Capacity Over 150 Biodiesel plants nationwide with

over 2.0 Billion GPY of Capacity

National Biodiesel Board

U.S. Biodiesel Production

Changes to EPACT

Bioenergy Program

Biodiesel Tax

Incentive

1.1 Billion Gallons

RFS-2

Biodiesel Infrastructure

•  Biodiesel and biodiesel blends are now available nationwide from more than: o 1,489 Distributors o 1,339 Retailers o 775 Truck Stops o 3,603 Public Locations Total

•  Visit the NBB website at: www.biodiesel.org/buyingbiodiesel/ or www.biotrucker.com to view biodiesel retailers near you, by state, or along a route

Biodiesel Pump Labeling

No Label Required: •  Fuel blends containing no more than five percent

biodiesel and no more than 5 percent biomass-based diesel and that meet ASTM D975.

Labels Required: •  Fuel blends containing more than five but no more than

20 percent biodiesel or biomass-based diesel. •  Fuel blends containing more than 20 percent biodiesel or

biomass-based diesel. •  Separate Labels for Biodiesel (Blue) &

Biomass-Based Diesel (Orange)

•  The new Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS-2) final rule, issued on February 4, 2010

•  Start Date – July 1, 2010 •  Mandates 36 billion gallons of renewable fuel be used

by obligated parties (i.e. refiners) by 2022 o  1 billion gallons biomass based diesel, 4 billion gallons un-

differentiated advanced biofuel •  Biodiesel is the ONLY commercially available fuel that

has been approved by the U.S. EPA as an “Advanced Biofuel”: 50% GHG reduction vs. petrodiesel

The EPA and the RFS-2

OEM Warranty Statements & Biodiesel

•  All major U.S. OEMs support at least B5 and lower blends, provided they are made with biodiesel meeting ASTM D 6751 o  Most OEMs are also recommending use of a BQ-9000

supplier

•  More than 55% of U.S. manufacturers now support B20 or higher blends in at least some of their equipment

•  Several more OEMs are completing testing and progressing

toward support for B20 now that new ASTM standards for B6-B20 blends have been published (ASTM D7467) and biodiesel support by their competitors is increasing

•  For a complete listing of OEM position statements on

biodiesel, as well as the current U.S. Diesel Vehicles List, visit: o http://www.biodiesel.org/resources/oems

OEMs Supporting B20+

B5 Approvals

Approve B5: •  Audi •  BMW •  Mercedes •  Mitsubishi •  UD Trucks •  Volkswagen **

  Approve B5*:  Detroit Diesel / Daimler **  Freightliner  Kubota  Mack  Peterbilt  Sterling  Thomas Built Buses  Volvo

  * Exceptions have been made for B20 use by fleets

  ** Actively researching B20

Using Biodiesel:

Biodiesel Use and Handling Guidelines: •  Ensure the biodiesel meets the ASTM specification for pure

biodiesel (ASTM D 6751) before blending with petro diesel. •  Purchase biodiesel and biodiesel blends from companies that

have been registered under the BQ-9000 fuel quality program when possible.

•  Ensure your biodiesel blend supplier provides a homogenous product.

•  Avoid long term storage of B20 and higher blends to prevent degradation. Biodiesel should be used within six months.

•  Prior to transitioning to B20, it is recommended that tanks be cleaned and free from sediment and water. Check for water and drain regularly if needed. Monitor for microbial growth and treat with biocides as recommended by the biocide manufacturer.

Using Biodiesel:

•  Biodiesel and biodiesel blends have excellent cleaning properties. Fuel filters on the vehicles and in the delivery system may need to be changed more frequently upon initial B20 use; after that, system runs cleaner with no issues.

•  Be aware of the biodiesel blend’s cold weather properties and

take appropriate precautions. When operating in winter climates, use winter blended diesel fuel. Make sure the biodiesel blend cloud point is adequate for the geographical region and time of year the fuel will be used.

•  Perform regularly scheduled maintenance as dictated by the

engine operation and maintenance manual.

Biodiesel Resources

•  www.biodiesel.org o  Biodiesel Training Toolkit o  News Releases & Information Resources o  Technical Library, Spec Sheets & Videos o  OEM Warranty Positions on Biodiesel o  U.S. Diesel Vehicle List

•  www.BQ-9000.org o  Listing of BQ-9000 Certified Companies

•  www.biotrucker.com o  Listing of BioTrucker retail sites

•  www.biodieselautomotive.org o  Dedicated to information exchange for biodiesel & diesel

technicians

Thank You! Questions…?

Rachel Burton OEM Diesel Technician Training Program wrenchwench@blast.com Tel: 919-444-3495

Call NBB at 1-800-841-5849 Visit www.biodiesel.org