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Potential of Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) for a climate-proof irrigation water supply
Potential of Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) for a climate-proof irrigation water supply
Koen Zuurbier, Marcel Paalman
KWR Watercycle Research Institute
Bodem Breed, 29 november 2011
Session 5.3: Hydrology of the soil and physical aspects of groundwater
I. Knowledge for Climate…
• Development of knowledge and services that make the Netherlands climate proof
Fresh water supply:
• Develop robust, flexible and long-term solutions to bridge mismatch between fresh water demand and supply (quantity and salinity)
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Westland horticulture, 5% dry year
Water demand (1000 m3) Precipitation (1000 m3)
Water shortage (1000 m3)
Basins Shortage
II. Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR)
• Short-term storage (replacing normal basins / storage tanks);
• Seasonal storage: potential freshwater supply during summer droughts;
• Applied since 1983, ~ 100 systems installed.
• Successful in Bleiswijk region (Z-H) (‘Oostland’)
III. No guarantee for freshwater recovery
Early salinization of wells caused by
• Mixing
• Lateral groundwater flow
• Buoyancy / density-driven flow in brackish – saline groundwater
What is controlling Recovery Efficiency (RE)?
Controlling factors:
• Geological (aquifer thickness, hydr. conductivity, anisotropy)
• Hydrological/hydrochemical (hydr. gradient, salinity)
• Operational scheme (pumping rate and duration injection, storage and recovery)
Ÿ
Ÿ
Salinity (mg/l Cl)
Aquifer Thickness (m)Aquifer Hydraulic Conductivity (m/d)
Hydraulic gradient (m/m)
Anisotropy (-)Ÿ
Ÿ
Ÿ
Ÿ Pumping rate (m/d)Operational scheme
3Ÿ
III. No guarantee for freshwater recovery
What is the potential of this technique in Hotspot Haaglanden?
IV. Methods
Thickness
Hydr. conductivity
Chloride (mg/l)
RASR <0.1: good performance
0.1<RASR <10: uncertain
RASR>10: no recovery
Maximal RESum factor Rasr (-), indicative
Buoyancy without lateral flow, isotropy no mixing
Buoyancy and lateral flow, no mixing
Bakker (2010): BAKWard et al. (2009): WEA
RE
GIS
II.1O
ude E
ssink
et a
l. (20
10)
Greenhouses, groundwater pressure heads and 8 existing ASR systems in the hotspot Haaglanden
A: Performance estimation tools
B: Input (aquifer 1, GIS)
V. Results
• Large spatial variations in analyzed areas
• Always some freshwater recoverable, most in central Eastland (RASR <0.5, RE: 40
– 90 %)
• Less suitable ASR condition in the Westland area (RASR>0.5, RE: 5 – 70%)
Ward et al. (2009): indicative performance under lateral flow and buoyancy
Bakker (2010): exact RE under buoyancy only
Lower aquitard absent
Plume distortion
(Ceric and Haitjema, 2005)
Q=500 m3/d, tin=trec=120 d, tstor= 0 d
V. Results
Comparing both methods and 8 existing ASR systems
Still large uncertainties in Ward et al (2009), results Bakker (2010) reasonably match the existing systems
VI. Discussion, conclusions
• A first regional ASR performance estimation shows large variations
• ASR may only be successful in designated areas
• Further knowledge on bounding aquitards required (hydr. resistance)
• Effect of engineering solutions like skimmer wells, freshkeeper…
What is the potential of this technique in Hotspot Haaglanden?
End of presentation
Pilot site Nootdorp