FHO Fachhochschule Ostschweiz

Bridging XAPI into Higher Education Learning Analytics

Ownership and Privacy

Prof. Dr. Christian Glahn Blended Learning Center

(@phish108)

@phish108

Privacy for identifiable actors

Not privacy through aggregation or encryption

@phish108

XAPI

@phish108

XAPI aims to be the successor of SCORM

(it is already part of CMI5)

@phish108

Learning Analytics Ecosystem (LMS Functions)

LRS

" #

$%

& 'Collaboration Communication Course

ManagementAssessment &

Grading

Identity Management Resource

Provider+

Analytics

@phish108

()

Activity Consumer

LRS

*

+☼-

.

/

Sensors

Activity Provider

0

1 2

3

Actuators

Experience API Interoperable Data Tracking and Reporting

@phish108

(

)Activity Consumer

LRSActivity Provider

UUID

time

actor

object

verb resultcontext

4 Activity Statement

Experience API Interoperable Data Tracking and Reporting

@phish108

(

)Activity Consumer

LRSActivity Provider

444444444444444444

ActivityStream

+ Filters

Experience API Interoperable Data Tracking and Reporting

@phish108

( )

Experience API Cascaded Processing

Activity Consumer

LRSActivity Provider

LRS

LRS

@phish108

XAPI Characteristics

§ XAPI allows LRS-level statement completion only for the initial LRS

§ XAPI declares activity statements as immutable § XAPI leaves privacy to the educational

designer/publisher§ XAPI allows very detailed statements§ XAPI allows linked data

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(

)Who controls XAPI Processes?

Activity Consumer

LRSActivity Provider

@phish108

StudentsPeers

Lecturers

5Stakeholder and Ownership

Program directorStudy administration

Quality controlDepartment

6 Educational designerPublisher

Tool providerService provider

6

Internal External

Dire

ctIn

dire

ct

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(

)XAPI Privacy by Design?

Activity Consumer

LRSActivity Provider

@phish108

Focus on XAPI Privacy

UUID

time

actor

object

verb resultcontext

4XAPI

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Remember

An XAPI LRS is always part of an educational system!

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Privacy Framework for XAPI Applications

LRS

$% &Course &Context

Management

Identity Management

(App )Activity Consumer

ContextualizedUnique References

'Assessment &

Grading

Linked data

@phish108

Privacy Framework for XAPI Applications

LRS

$% &Course &Context

Management

Identity Management

(App )Activity Consumer

Authorized Accessto the Details

'Assessment &

Grading

Linked data

@phish108

Contextualised AnonymisationExample

Course 101 participant IDhttps://uni.ac/id/ax03cB

Course 102 participant IDhttps://uni.ac/id/7G0qVp

Peter Peter

existsexists

https://uni.ac/id/ax03cB https://uni.ac/id/7G0qVp

https://uni.ac/id/ax03cBhttps://uni.ac/id/7G0qVp

@phish108

Conclusions

§XAPI does not come with a privacy model§XAPI requires externally reinforced privacy§Reduce exposed and inferable information§Contextualized anonymization does not

make up for a missing privacy policy

Christian GlahnBlended Learning Center

http://slidesha.re/phish108@phish108 @htwblc

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