BROADBAND INTERNET BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESSACCESS

A Revolution In The World Of InternetA Revolution In The World Of Internet

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IQxplorerIQxplorer

BROADBANDBROADBANDWhat Is a BroadbandWhat Is a Broadband ? ?

Broadband Internet access, often shortened to "broadband Internet“ or just "broadband", is ahigh data transmission rate internet connection.

BROADBANDBROADBAND

Broadband Internet access became a rapidly developing market in many areas in the early 2000s

Broadband is often called Broadband is often called high-speed high-speed InternetInternet, because it usually has a high , because it usually has a high rate of data. In general, any connection to rate of data. In general, any connection to the customer of 256 kbit/s (0.256 Mbit/s) the customer of 256 kbit/s (0.256 Mbit/s) or more is considered broadband Internet. or more is considered broadband Internet.

BROADBAND TECHNOLOGIESBROADBAND TECHNOLOGIES

BASICALLY TWO TYPES BASICALLY TWO TYPES OF TECHNOLOGYOF TECHNOLOGY

DSLDSL

CABLE MODEMCABLE MODEM

Digital Subscriber LineDigital Subscriber Line {DSL} {DSL}

DSLDSL, is a family of , is a family of technologies that provide technologies that provide digital data transmission data transmission over the wires used in the over the wires used in the ""last mile" of a local " of a local telephone network. network. Typically, the download Typically, the download speed of DSL ranges from speed of DSL ranges from 128 kilobits per second 128 kilobits per second (kbit/s) to 24,000 kbit/s (kbit/s) to 24,000 kbit/s depending on DSL depending on DSL technology and service technology and service level implemented. level implemented.

History Of DSLHistory Of DSLThe origin of DSL technology dates back The origin of DSL technology dates back

to 1988, when engineers at to 1988, when engineers at Bellcore (now (now Telcordia Technologies) devised a ) devised a way to carry a digital signal over the way to carry a digital signal over the unused unused frequency spectrum available available on the on the twisted pair cables running cables running between the telephone company's between the telephone company's central office and the customer and the customer premises. Implementation of DSL could premises. Implementation of DSL could permit an ordinary permit an ordinary telephone line to to provide digital communication without provide digital communication without interfering with voice services. interfering with voice services.

Operation Of DSLOperation Of DSL

The The local loop of the of the Public Switched Telephone Network was was initially designed to carry initially designed to carry POTS voice voice communication and signaling, since the communication and signaling, since the concept of data communications as we concept of data communications as we know it today did not exist. For reasons of know it today did not exist. For reasons of economy, the phone system nominally economy, the phone system nominally passes audio between 300 and 3,400 passes audio between 300 and 3,400 Hz, , which is regarded as the range required which is regarded as the range required for human speech to be clearly intelligible. for human speech to be clearly intelligible. This is known as This is known as commercial bandwidth. .

Equipments Of DSLEquipments Of DSL

The subscriber end of the connection consists of The subscriber end of the connection consists of a DSL a DSL modem. This converts data from the digital . This converts data from the digital signals used by computers into a signals used by computers into a voltage signal of signal of a suitable frequency range which is then applied a suitable frequency range which is then applied to the phone line. to the phone line. A "splitter" was installed near the A "splitter" was installed near the demarcation point, from which a dedicated data , from which a dedicated data line was installed. line was installed. All the phone wires are carrying both POTS and All the phone wires are carrying both POTS and DSL signal frequencies; therefore the customer DSL signal frequencies; therefore the customer generally needs to plug a generally needs to plug a DSL filter into each into each telephone outlet. telephone outlet.

DSL TechnologiesDSL Technologies

The line length limitations from The line length limitations from telephone exchange to subscriber telephone exchange to subscriber are more restrictive for higher data are more restrictive for higher data transmission rates. Technologies transmission rates. Technologies such as such as VDSL provide very high provide very high speed, short-range links as a method speed, short-range links as a method of delivering "of delivering "triple play" services." services.

Example DSL technologies (sometimes called Example DSL technologies (sometimes called xDSLxDSL) ) include:include:

High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSLHDSL), ), Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL), a (SDSL), a

standardized version of HDSL standardized version of HDSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), a (ADSL), a

version of DSL with a slower upload speed version of DSL with a slower upload speed Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (RADSL) (RADSL) Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL) (VDSL) Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line 2 (VDSL2), (VDSL2),

an improved version of VDSL an improved version of VDSL

Transmission Methods Of DSLTransmission Methods Of DSL

Transmission methods vary by market, Transmission methods vary by market, region, carrier, and equipment.region, carrier, and equipment.

CAP: CAP: Carrierless Amplitude Phase Modulation - - deprecated in 1996 deprecated in 1996

DMT: DMT: discrete multitone modulation, , otherwise known as OFDM otherwise known as OFDM

OFDM: OFDM: Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing

Cable ModemCable Modem

A A cable modemcable modem is a is a special type of special type of modem that is designed to that is designed to modulate a data signal modulate a data signal over cable television over cable television infrastructure. Cable infrastructure. Cable modems are primarily modems are primarily used to deliver used to deliver broadband Internet broadband Internet access, taking access, taking advantage of unused advantage of unused bandwidth on a cable bandwidth on a cable television network television network

Cable Internet AccessCable Internet Access The term The term cable Internet accesscable Internet access (or simply (or simply cablecable) )

refers to the delivery of Internet service over this refers to the delivery of Internet service over this infrastructure.infrastructure.

There is greater differentiation in bandwidth, or There is greater differentiation in bandwidth, or the rate at which one can send and receive data, the rate at which one can send and receive data, between cable and the various types of DSL. A between cable and the various types of DSL. A dial-up modem can download and upload at some dial-up modem can download and upload at some 40 kbs, or 0.04 Mbs. Cable modems across most 40 kbs, or 0.04 Mbs. Cable modems across most services consistently attain 3-6 Mbs down / 0.3-services consistently attain 3-6 Mbs down / 0.3-0.4 MBs up. 0.4 MBs up.

In comparison, DSL tends to offer less speed and In comparison, DSL tends to offer less speed and more variance between service packages and more variance between service packages and prices. Service quality is also far more dependent prices. Service quality is also far more dependent on your location in relation to the local ISP.on your location in relation to the local ISP.

Disadvantages Of Cable InternetDisadvantages Of Cable Internet

There are three traditional disadvantages to There are three traditional disadvantages to cable internet:cable internet:

Users in a neighborhood share the Users in a neighborhood share the available bandwidth provided by a single available bandwidth provided by a single coaxial cable line. Therefore, connection coaxial cable line. Therefore, connection speed can vary depending on how many speed can vary depending on how many people are using the service at the same people are using the service at the same time. time.

Cable networks using a shared line Cable networks using a shared line risk a loss of privacy, especially in risk a loss of privacy, especially in light of the availability of hacking light of the availability of hacking tools for cable modems. tools for cable modems.

Many cable Internet providers are Many cable Internet providers are reluctant to offer cable modem reluctant to offer cable modem access without tying it to a cable access without tying it to a cable television subscription. This has television subscription. This has ramifications similar to those of the ramifications similar to those of the lack of naked DSL. lack of naked DSL.

ISDNISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkIntegrated Services Digital Network

((ISDNISDN) is a type of circuit switched ) is a type of circuit switched telephone network system, designed to telephone network system, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in better quality and wires, resulting in better quality and higher speeds than available with analog higher speeds than available with analog systems. More broadly, systems. More broadly, ISDNISDN is a set of is a set of protocols for establishing and breaking protocols for establishing and breaking circuit switched connections, and for circuit switched connections, and for advanced call features for the user.advanced call features for the user.

In a videoconference, ISDN provides In a videoconference, ISDN provides simultaneous voice, video, and text simultaneous voice, video, and text transmission between individual desktop transmission between individual desktop videoconferencing systems and group videoconferencing systems and group (room) videoconferencing systems (room) videoconferencing systems

In ISDN, there are two types of channels, In ISDN, there are two types of channels, BB (for "Bearer") and (for "Bearer") and DD (for "Delta"). (for "Delta"). B B channelschannels are used for data (which may are used for data (which may include voice), and include voice), and D channelsD channels are are intended for signaling and control (but can intended for signaling and control (but can also be used for data).also be used for data).

ISDN BroadbandISDN BroadbandFACTORS INFLUENCING THE EMERGENCE OF THE B-ISDN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EMERGENCE OF THE B-ISDN Demand.Demand. Users (both commercial and residential) are Users (both commercial and residential) are

showing interest in receiving high speed, reliable showing interest in receiving high speed, reliable services. services.

Technology.Technology. This has been one of the biggest factors. This has been one of the biggest factors. Advances in technology have increased demand, as Advances in technology have increased demand, as well as the ability to supply it. well as the ability to supply it.

Service integration.Service integration. There is a need to integrate both There is a need to integrate both circuit switched and packet switched services into one circuit switched and packet switched services into one network that can provide interactive and distribution network that can provide interactive and distribution services. services.

Flexibility.Flexibility. The resulting network must be able to The resulting network must be able to satisfy the needs of the users as well as the network satisfy the needs of the users as well as the network operators in terms of its functionality and usability. operators in terms of its functionality and usability.

Broadband Service Provider Broadband Service Provider In IndiaIn India

This list is in no way exhaustive, and you’re likely to see This list is in no way exhaustive, and you’re likely to see more broadband players emerge in the near future more broadband players emerge in the near future

Applogic Broadband SystemsApplogic Broadband SystemsProviding broadband service sinceProviding broadband service since: November : November 20002000Bandwidth providedBandwidth provided: 1 Mbps: 1 MbpsTechnology usedTechnology used: Wireless connectivity, last-mile : Wireless connectivity, last-mile connectivityconnectivityMarket segment targetedMarket segment targeted: : CorporatesCorporatesTariffTariff: Rs 600,000 per annum per connection: Rs 600,000 per annum per connectionArea of operationArea of operation: Hyderabad (at present), : Hyderabad (at present), Bangalore, Chennai, and Pune by March 15, 2001Bangalore, Chennai, and Pune by March 15, 2001

Bharti BT InternetBharti BT InternetBandwidth providedBandwidth provided: 64 kbps to 2 : 64 kbps to 2 MbpsMbpsTechnology usedTechnology used: Internet via : Internet via cable and xDSLcable and xDSLMarket segment targetedMarket segment targeted: SOHO : SOHO and SME segments      and SME segments     

Area of operationArea of operation: Bangalore, : Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Pune.and Pune.

BSES TelecomBSES TelecomProviding broadband service sinceProviding broadband service since: June 2000: June 2000Bandwidth providedBandwidth provided: Each household port is : Each household port is capable of carrying 2 Mbps datacapable of carrying 2 Mbps dataTechnology usedTechnology used: Internet over fiber optic cable: Internet over fiber optic cableMarket segment targetedMarket segment targeted: : CorporatesCorporates, SMEs , SMEs and and HouseholdsHouseholds; started with ; started with CorporatesCorporates and and extended to residential users from October 2000.extended to residential users from October 2000.TariffTariff::HouseholdsHouseholds: One-time installation Rs 5,000; : One-time installation Rs 5,000; monthly charges Rs 1,000monthly charges Rs 1,000CorporatesCorporates: Pricing for : Pricing for CorporatesCorporates and SMEs and SMEs depends on bandwidth requirementdepends on bandwidth requirementArea of operationArea of operation: Mumbai: Mumbai

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

One of the great challenges of broadband One of the great challenges of broadband is to provide service to potential is to provide service to potential customers in areas of low population customers in areas of low population density density

Several rural broadband solutions exist, Several rural broadband solutions exist, though each has its own pitfalls and though each has its own pitfalls and limitations. Some choices are better than limitations. Some choices are better than others, but depend on how proactive the others, but depend on how proactive the local phone company is about upgrading local phone company is about upgrading their rural technology.their rural technology.

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