32
Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending Roxana Barrantes Instituto de Estudios Peruanos Diálogo Regional sobre Sociedad de la Información

Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Presentación de Roxana Barrantes "Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending" para el taller de DIRSI "El rol del estado en la promoción de la banda ancha". Lima (Perú), 19 de mayo de 2011. Roxana Barrante's presentation "Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending" for the DIRSI Workshop "The role of the state in the promotion of the broadband". Lima (Peru), May 19th 2011.

Citation preview

Page 1: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in

telecommunications services in Latin America.

Agenda pending

Roxana BarrantesInstituto de Estudios Peruanos

Diálogo Regional sobre Sociedad de la Información

Page 2: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Jordán, V. Galperin, H. y Paredes, W. (2010), Acelerando la revolución digital: banda ancha para América Latina y el Caribe, CEPAL, http://www.eclac.cl/cgi-bin/getProd.asp?xml=/publicaciones/xml/7/41727/P41727.xml&xsl=/ddpe/tpl/p9f.xsl&base=/elac2015/tpl/top-bottom.xsl

Barrantes, R. y Agüero, A. (2010), El acceso universal a las telecomunicaciones y su vínculo con las políticas de banda ancha en América Latina, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/832

Barrantes, R. y Agüero, A. (2010), Desarrollo de la banda ancha en la región andina: Estudio comparativo de Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/864

Barrantes, R. y Agüero, A. (2010), Estudio sobre la Banda Ancha en Perú, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/865

Albornoz, M. y Agüero, A. (2011), El estado de la Banda Ancha en Ecuador, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/849

Page 3: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Barrantes, R. (2010), Políticas de desarrollo de Banda Ancha, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/863

Aranha, M. Laender, G. Fernandez de Lima, L y Gomes, A (2010), Políticas de administración del espectro y acceso universal a las comunicaciones. El caso de Brasil, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/661

Flores-Roux, E. Mariscal, J. y Aldama, F. (2010), Política de Generación de Infraestructura de Telecomunicaciones en México: Una Crítica, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/592

Flores-Roux, E. y Mariscal, J. (2010), Oportunidades y desafíos de la banda ancha móvil, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/830

Galperin, H. y Ruzzier, C. (2010), Las tarifas de banda ancha: benchmarking y análisis, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/828

3

Page 4: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

1.Motivation2.Regulatel 2006 Study3.2010: Bandwidth4.Bandwidth and Universal

access: Challenges

Contents

Page 5: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Compared to the OECD or to key countries worldwide, as a region and on a per-country basis, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) lag behind.

Internal inequalities in access to services

1. Motivation

Page 6: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Fixed telephonyGRÁFICO 1.1

DENSIDAD DE TELEFONÍA FIJA: LAC, EEUU, REINO UNIDO Y COREA (2004-09) – PORCENTAJES

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Argentina

Brasil

Chile

Colombia

Corea

Costa Rica

Cuba

Ecuador

El Salvador

Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia

Estados Unidos

Guatemala

Honduras

México

Nicaragua

Panamá

Paraguay

Perú

Reino Unido

Rep. Bolivariana de Venezuela

Rep. Dominicana

Trinidad & Tobago

Uruguay

2004

2009

Fuente: UIT

Page 7: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Fixed telephony

15 15 15 16 16 16 17 1819

17

54 54 53 52 5150

4947

44 44

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

%

Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Perú Venezuela LAC OCDE

Page 8: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Mobile telephonyGRÁFICO 1.2

DENSIDAD DE TELEFONÍA MÓVIL: LAC, EEUU, REINO UNIDO Y COREA (2004-09) – Porcentajes

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Argentina

Brasil

Chile

Colombia

Corea

Costa Rica

Cuba

Ecuador

El Salvador

Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia

Estados Unidos

Guatemala

Honduras

México

Nicaragua

Panamá

Paraguay

Perú

Reino Unido

Rep. Bolivariana de Venezuela

Rep. Dominicana

Trinidad & Tobago

Uruguay

2004

2009

Fuente: UIT

Page 9: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Mobile telephony

1116

2024

33

44

60

73

83

97

57

69

76

82

88

95

103

110116

119

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

%

Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Perú Venezuela LAC OCDE

Page 10: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Access to the InternetGRÁFICO 1.3

DENSIDAD DE SUSCRIPTORES A INTERNET: LAC, EEUU, REINO UNIDO Y COREA (2004-09) - PORCENTAJES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Argentina

Brasil

Chile

Colombia

Corea

Costa Rica

Cuba

Ecuador

El Salvador

Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia

Estados Unidos

Guatemala

Honduras

México

Nicaragua

Panamá

Paraguay

Perú

Reino Unido

Rep. Bolivariana de Venezuela

Rep. Dominicana

Trinidad & Tobago

Uruguay

2004

2009

Fuente: UIT

Page 11: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Access to the Internet

56

911

1315

18

23

2830

35

47

52

5660

6265 64

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

%

Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Perú Venezuela LAC OCDE

Page 12: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Subscribers to Broadband connectionsGRÁFICO 1.4

DENSIDAD DE SUSCRIPTORES A BANDA ANCHA: LAC, EEUU, REINO UNIDO Y COREA (2004-09) - PORCENTAJES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Argentina

Brasil

Chile

Colombia

Corea

Costa Rica

Cuba

Ecuador

El Salvador

Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia

Estados Unidos

Guatemala

Honduras

México

Nicaragua

Panamá

Paraguay

Perú

Reino Unido

Rep. Bolivariana de Venezuela

Rep. Dominicana

Trinidad & Tobago

Uruguay

2004

2009

Fuente: UIT

Page 13: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Internal gap: Internet access by richer HH is 47 times access by the poorest HH

By income quintile

Source: ECLAC/CEPAL, Information Society Observatory, based on national HH surveys. Most recent year avaiable.

Page 14: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Supply gap: Lack of coverage

Internet access by urban/rural HH

Source: ECLAC/CEPAL, Information Society Observatory, based on national HH surveys. Most recent year avaiable.

Page 15: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

15

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X

Internet

Decil de ingreso

Televisión de paga

Telefonía fijaTelefonía móvil

Fuente: INEGI, ENIGH 2008

Mexico

Page 16: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

16

Peru

Porcentaje de hogares con teléfono fijo, celular, TV cable e Internet según deciles (% del decil)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Fijo Celular TV cable Internet

Fuente: ENAHO 2009

Page 17: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Peru: Internet use by Income Decile

3%9%

15%

23%28%

34%37%

43%

52%

64%

0% 0% 0%3% 5%

10%

19%

41%

1%1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

% del deci l que usó Internet en el último mes (2008)

% del deci l que tiene Internet en el hogar (2008)

Enaho 2008

Page 18: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

• With liberalization and privatization, and given LAC economic inequality, policy credibility relied on designing and implementing some kind of Universal Access Policy.

• Access vs Service: Different set of policies and resources

• Regulatel 2006 Study• Gap Model• Policies

2. Regulatel

Study

Page 19: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Gap model

Development gap

Market gap

Ability to pay

Fuente: Wellenius y Tow nsend (2005)

SupplyCo

st o

f su

pp

ly

Page 20: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Gaps by country - Mobile

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Bolivia

Brasil

Chile

Colombia

Ecuador

México

Nicaragua

Paraguay

Perú

R. Dominicana

Uruguay

Brecha de acceso

Frontera de mercado.

Acceso Actual

Page 21: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Gaps by country - Broadband

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Bolivia

Brasil

Chile

Colombia

Ecuador

México

Nicaragua

Paraguay

Perú

R. Dominicana

Uruguay

Brecha de acceso

Frontera de mercado.

Acceso Actual

Page 22: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

2006- Several arrangements to finance universal access

- Ad hoc Funds and/or Tresury12 out of 19 Regulatel member countries: Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Perú y República Dominicana.

- Costa Rica and Uruguay –State-led initiatives

- Neither arrangement per se guarantees goal achievements.

Brasil, Chile

- Institutions and management are key

Page 23: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Broadband is the cool word in telecommunications

Access to the Internet dominates the discussion

Broadband ecosystem:InfrastructureContentsAppropriation

3. 2010 -Broadban

d

Page 24: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Broadband ecosystem

Tráfico

Tecnología

AsequibilidadFuncionalidad

Educación Innovación

Impacto económicoInclusión social

Cobertura

Source: Jordán y De León 2010

Page 25: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Broadband:useful for the provision of social services

Sensibilidada la latencia

Alta

Baja

Ancho de banda

NavegaciónE-mail

VoIP

Descarga de video

Flujo de audio (audio streaming)

Flujo de video (video streaming) HD - IPTV

Juegos(baja definición)

Juegos(alta definición)

Telepresencia

64 – 256 Kbps 512 Kbps – 2 Mbps 20 Mbps – 1 Gbps

Banda estrechaBanda ancha

1ra. generaciónBA siguientegeneración

Tipo de acceso

Par de cobre, 2G xDSL, 3G FTTx, LTETecnología típica

Redes sociales

Mundos virtuales

Videoconferencia

TelemedicinaTeleducación

Source: Jordán y De León 2010

Page 26: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Universal Access policies have focused on the so-called “basic” services

Public Internet Access included in few of them –implemented even in fewer countries!

Broadband policies: design stage

Internet access or Digital policies abound

Money accumulated in funds –pale when gauged against the goal.

4. Broadband

and Universal

Access: Challenges

Page 27: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

What kind of policies are we talking about?

• Broadband development policies must be comprehensive.• Must tackle broadband development not only as an engineering problem but as a problem of human development. The vision of broadband development is that of an ecosystem comprising:

conectivity / Infrastructure Applications / Contents Use / Appropriation

Page 28: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Broadband policies in LAC

• Fiber Optic bid in Mexico

• Spectrum management policies in Brasil

• National Broadband development policies

Page 29: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Resources currently available in funds

País Monto en US$

acumulado

Monto acumulado/población faltante

1 Argentina ND

2 Brasil1 4,977,118,628.71 93.22

3 Chile2 14,809,549.20 3.50

4 Colombia3 0.00

5 Costa Rica ND

6 Cuba ND

7 Ecuador4 3,627,453.88 0.81 8 El Salvador 0.00

9 Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia5 23,893,379.49 7.67

10 Guatemala6 4,495,255.93 0.96 11 Honduras

12 México7 114,863,312.66 4.11 13 Nicaragua 0.00

14 Panamá8 12,000,000.00 12.10 15 Paraguay 0.00

16 Perú9 150,253,509.71 16.53

17 Rep. Dominicana10 37,963,714.51 13.45

18 República Bolivariana de Venezuela11 337,988,512.59 38.68

19 Trinidad y Tobago12 5,503,144.65 15.14

20 Uruguay13 50,950,221.63 54.90

Page 30: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

Changes in UA financing policies

- Recently created funds in Costa Rica, Bolivia and Panama

- Mexico: discussion about setting up a fund.

- Changes in source of funds: Argentina, Guatemala, and Paraguay.

- Change of goal in Colombia.

- Change of administrator in Peru

Page 31: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

ICT Regulation Kit from infoDev and UIT – backbone

- Open existing networks to competitors and wholesale offerings.

- UA funds should be used to build backbone infrastructures.

- Infrastructure sharing is important –coverage expansion to poor areas could be easen by cost sharing.

Page 32: Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending - Roxana Barrantes

[email protected]

www.dirsi.net