Topic 6 – The Periodic Topic 6 – The Periodic TableTable

C6 Lesson 2The modern Periodic Table

Aims: To be able to use the Periodic Table

Starter Activity:

Write out the electron arrangements of Sodium and chlorine

Keywords atomic number groups periods

13/04/23The Periodic Table

Rows and ColumnsRows and Columns

• The periodic table is organized like a big grid.

• Elements are placed in specific places because of the way they look and act.

• If you have ever looked at a grid, you know that there are rows (left to right) and columns (up and down).

• The periodic table has rows and columns, too, and they each mean something different.

• Even though they skip some squares in between, all of the rows go left to right. When you look at a periodic table, each of the rows is considered to be a different period

PeriodsPeriods

Periods – rows of elementsPeriods – rows of elements

Rows of elements are called periodsperiods.

H He1

Li Be N O F NeB C2

Na Mg Al P S Cl ArSi3

K Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa KrAs4

Rb Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh I Xe5

Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt Rn6

Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?7

Period Number

GroupsGroups

• The periodic table has a special name for its columns, too. When a column goes from top to bottom, it's called a group.

Groups – columns of elementsGroups – columns of elements

Downward columns are called groups.groups.

H

Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Gro

up

1

Be

Mg

Ca

Sr

Ba

Ra

Gro

up

2

Ga

In

Tl

Al

B

Gro

up

3

Ge

Sn

Pb

Si

C

Gro

up

4

Sb

Bi

P

N

As

Gro

up

5

Se

Te

Po

O

S

Gro

up

6

He

Kr

Ne

Ar

Rn

Xe

Gro

up

0

Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag CdRh

Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au HgLa Pt

Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?

Transition Elements

Means in-between

Br

At

Cl

F

I

Gro

up

7

ActivityActivityIn pairs, go on to the website: http://www.chemicool.com/

Click on the elements of Period 2, go to appearance and characteristics and write 4 words about the properties of the element. i.e.: Lithium is corrosive, soft and silvery, highly reactive, least dense metal.

Now click on the elements of group 7, go to appearance and characteristics and write 4 words about the properties of the element.

Use the website to complete the 2 tables on the worksheet and stick in your book.

Metals and Non-metalsMetals and Non-metals

Physical StatePhysical State

Say whether these elements are metals, non-metals or metalloids.

H

Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Be

Sc Ti

Mg

V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh

Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt

Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?

Al P

N O

S Cl

F Ne

Ar

Rn

I

Si

Xe

He

B C

As

Silicon (Si) MetalloidFrancium (Fr) MetalScandium (Sc) MetalKrypton (Kr) Non-metalCobalt (Co) Metal

Say whether these elements are solids, liquids or gases.

H

Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Be

Sc Ti

Mg

V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh

Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt

Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?

Al P

N O

S Cl

F Ne

Ar

Rn

I

Si

Xe

He

B C

As

Krypton (Kr) Gas

Kr

Niobium (Nb) Solid

Nb

Barium (Ba)

Ba

SolidNitrogen (N)

N

GasBromine (Br)

Br

Liquid

H He1

Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Be

Sc Ti

Mg

V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh

Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt

Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?

Al P

N O

S Cl

F Ne

Ar

Rn

I

Si

Xe

B C

As

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0

2

4

3

5

6

7

G p

Pd

What’s the electron arrangement

Mg

C

2.8.22.42.8.7

Cl

K

2.8.8.1MgCClK

SummarySummary

• The modern table is arranged in order of ATOMIC NUMBER.

• There are eight columns called GROUPS

• There are seven Rows called PERIODS

• Metals are on the Left• Non-metals are on the Right

Groups & PeriodsGroups & Periods

• Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer shell

• Elements in Groups generally form similar compounds

• Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells

• The elements in Periods have very different properties, which repeat in the next period.

HOMEWORKHOMEWORK

• Find out the electron arrangements of the Group 0 elements

• Find out some information about each of these elements e.g. state, colour, reactivity, uses

• Find out why they are unreactive elements and explain this in terms of electrons