Catatan tentang aerotropolis sebagai salah satu bentuk pengembangan kota, dalam kaitannya dengan keberadaan bandara

Landasan Ilmiah

Catatan Tentang Aerotropolis

1

Concepts On The Development Of Airport Regions

2

The

Aero

tropo

lis m

odel • Kuala Lumpur,

• Seoul (Incheon),• Hong Kong

(Chek Lap Kok),• Singapore

(Changi),• Bangkok

(Suvarnabhumi).Ef

ficie

nt G

atew

ay M

odel • Frankfurt,

• Zurich.

Aerocity

3

Pengertian Dasar

Definisi

44Sumber : Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next? Interview with John D. Kasarda, ATLANTIS - MAGAZINE BY POLIS - PLATFORM FOR URBANISM, #22.3 December 2011).

Aerotropolis

An aerotropolis is an urban complex whose layout, infrastructure and economy are centered on an airport.

Analogous in shape to the traditional metropolis made up of a central city and its rings of commuter- heavy suburbs, the aerotropolis consists of an airport city core and outlying corridors and clusters of aviation-linked businesses and associated residential developments.

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Perubahan Posisi Bandara Terhadap Kota

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Evolusi Function dan Form Airport-Centric Commercial Development

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Aerotropolis Schematic

777

Taoyuan Taiwan version of Airport City Schematic

888

Dalam Lingkup Makro/Regional

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Peran Aerocity

Peran Bandara dalam Perekonomian Global

1. Perekonomian suatu negara terkait dengan perekonomian global melalui kota-kota yang disebut sebagai :a. World city.b. Global city.c. Alpha city.

2. Untuk berhubungan dengan perekonomian global tersebut. Salah satu hal yang harus dimiliki negara tersebut adalah keberadaan kota, yang disebut sebagai : airport city, aerotropolis atau airport corridor.

3. Kesuksesan bandara bergantung kepada faktor-faktor seperti :a. Ketersediaan lahan untuk pengembangan di bandara.b. Lokasi bandara dalam lingkup jaringan praarana wilayah.c. Struktur sosial-ekonomi wilayah.d. Kerangka kelembagaan pemerintahan setempat.e. Kerangka perencanaan (planning framework).

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Karakteristik Dasar Global City

1. Karakteristik Ekonomi.

2. Karakteristik Politis.3. Karakteristik Budaya.

4. Karakteristik Prasarana.Evaluasi peringkat untuk 4 kategori alpha city didasarkan atas : kegiatan bisnis, SDM, pertukaran informasi, pengalaman budaya, dan kepastian politik.

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Bandara Soekarno Hatta & BIJB

12

Bandara Kota Status Global CitySoekarno- Hatta Jakarta Alpha Minus

BIJB Majalengka/Bandung ?

1313

Peran Aero City/Aerotropolis

• Bentuk Urban Baru• Rantai Permintaan Global• “Internet”• Bandara adalah ruter• Bandara lebih dari sebatas infrastruktur • Penerbangan• Zona pertemuan• Angkutan umum• Kecepatan terhadap pasar

Terminal

Aerotropolis

Kota Bandara

Terminal

Kota Bandara

Aerotropolis

On AirportOn AirportOff AirportOff Airport

Populasi Kawasan

Pertumbuhan Ekonomi

Tenaga Kerja

Pariwisata Kawasan

Dampak Ekonomi dari Penerbangan Komersial

Sumber : Looking in all the wrong places? Catalytic effects in the context of product cycle theory.Stephen J. Appold and John D. Kasarda

Dampak LangsungPermintaan pemasukan perantara dan

hasil investasi dari aktivitas ekonomi di kawasan bandara

Dampak Tidak LangsungProduksi, tenaga kerja dan hasil

pendapatan dari lokasi pemesanan menuju penjual oleh perusahaan di bandara

Dampak PastiProduksi, tenaga kerja, dan hasil pendapatan dari• konsumsi belanja dari pendapatan oleh tenaga

kerja bandara• Konsumsi belanja dari pendapatam oleh

pekerja pedagangan bandara

Dampak Keseluruhan

Dampak Katalis

Pengembangan Aerocity

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Faktor Utama

Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara

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Bandara yang berfungsi sebagai katalis dan magnet untuk perkembangan kegiatan bisnis di sekitarnya.

Kebutuhan sektor komersial akan lahan.

Pertumbuhan konstan penumpang dan kargo.

Sumber penerimaan yang tidak terkait kegiatan penerbangan.

Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara

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Kegiatan terkait dengan fungsi bandara.

Kegiatan berorientasi bandara.

Kegiatan terkait langsung dengan penerbangan.

1818

Airport City Success Factors

Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz 18

Airport City Success Factors

19Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz

Kombinasi dari 8 faktor ini menentukan dalam penerapan, praktek, dan keberhasilan konsep Kota Bandara

Kerangka KerjaSistem Legal

Interaksi ahli perencana

Kondisi KeruanganPersyaratan penerbangan/ non

penerbanganketersediaan

Fungsi Utama BandaraProfil penerbangan

PosisiStruktur Jaringan

Kondisi InfrastrukturDalam konteks kota/

kawasanHubungan lokal/

internasional

Struktur Pemegang Saham

Dari operator bandaraRelasi negara/ kota

KepemimpinanOrganisasi

kompetensi

Perencanaan dan Budaya

Pengembangan

Perjanjian Pemegang Saham/ Stakeholder

Visi dan StrategisKerja sama dan komunikasi

Faktor KeberhasilanKota Bandara

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4

3

2

1

7

6

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Faktor Utama Pengembangan Aero City/AerotropolisKey Factors That Facilitate Airport-Centric Development

2020National Airspace System - Airport-centric Development

Kolaborasi Stakeholder

Pengembangan kawasan

Pengembangan bandaraSumber dana

Hubungan

1. Long-haul jet aircraft connecting people, products, and enterprises world-wide.2. Supply chain processes where parts and components are manufactured in a half-dozen different

countries, assembled in a seventh country and distributed to a multitude of others.3. The growth of world tourism.

4. “Must have it now” consumer age.5. Air cargo was the primary driver.

6. Rapid passenger and cargo growth.7. New economy products (typically small, light, compact, high value-to-weight parts, components

and assembled products) are increasingly shipped internationally by air in a fast and agile manner.8. The huge volume of time-critical products (including perishables) such as micro-electronics,

pharmaceuticals, medical devices and aerospace equipment traversing international boundaries by air annually has resulted in air cargo accounting for approximately 35% of the value of today’s world trade.

9. In order to gain a competitive advantage through the speedy global supply-chain connectivity that air cargo provides, high-tech manufacturers and other time-critical industries are locating at sites around or accessible to well-connected airports.

10. As their suppliers and logistics providers co-locate, they drive additional investment and employment growth in airport regions.

Faktor-Faktor Penggerak Perkembangan Aero City

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Pengembangan

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Tahapan

Metodologi (Ideal)Thinking Like Developers

2323

Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate Development Opportunities & Challenges 23

Metodologi (Ideal)

Identifikasi Resiko

Rencana Guna Lahan

Master Plan

Rencana Bisnis

Rencana Marketing

Rencana Manajemen

Resiko

Rencana Strategis Bandara

Rencana Pengembangan dan Pelatihan

Rencana SDM= Perencanaan dan Pengembangan

= Administrasi

= Bisnis/ Keuangan

Keterangan

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Metodologi (Ideal)

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Three Stages of Aerotropolis Planning

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Integrated Aerotropolis Planning

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Aerocity

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Jenis Kegiatan di Dalam

Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis Example of Air and Surface Connectivity Benefitting Manufacturing, Repair, and Training

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Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/AerotropolisSynopsis of Logistics Clusters

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Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/AerotropolisSynopsis of Logistics Clusters

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Perawatan Pesawat

Perawatan Pesawat

Perawatan Kontainer

Pelayanan Logistik

Jalur Udara

Jalur Kapal

Transportasi Darat

Gudang & Penyimpanan

Penyediaan Logistik

Instasi Perawatan

Operasi PelabuhanJabel Ali and Dubai Airport FZ

Authority

Operasi Kargo BandaraUAE Customs

Agen pemerintah lainnya

Kegiatan Terkait Keberadaan Bandara

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1. Core aeronautical activities are part of the technical operation of the airport, directly supporting the air traffic function.

1. Kegiatan inti penerbangan.

2. A relation to air-freight or air-passenger movements, (e.g., logistics and distribution activities or terminal retail and hotels). Their competitiveness and/or business revenues are closely tied to the scale of air traffic.irport-related activities have a direct

2. Kegiatan terkait dengan bandara yang berhubungan dengan pergerakan penumpang dan barang.

3. Airport-oriented activities choose the airport area because of the image of the airport and its typically excellent ground accessibility. The price of land and surface connectivity, rather than relation to air traffic, are key the factors in determining those activities locating in the airport area.

3. Kegiatan berorientasi bandara.

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Rantai Keterkaitan Aktivitas Ekonomi

Alternatif PembiayaanDenver International Airport

3434

Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate Development Opportunities & Challenges

DIA

Public SectorCity and Country of

Denver, City of Aurora Brighton, Commerce City Bennet, Adams County

State of Colorado

Land OwnersI.C. Fulenwider LNR, A&C,

Smith The Pauls Corp. Prologis, Oakwood Homes Majestic Realty Corp. et al

End UsersDevelopers, Investors,

Tenants, Customers, et al

Quasi – GovernmentalMetro Denver EDC,

Commerce City ED, Adams County ED Front Range Airport, E-470 Highway

Authority DRCOG, RTD, DTP et al

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Alternatif PembiayaanDenver’s Economic Clusters

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Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters

363636


Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters

373737

Rencana Tata Ruang Aerocity

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Dasar-Dasar Penyusunan

Konsep Struktur Ruang

Analogous in shape to the traditional metropolis made up of a central city core and its rings of commuter-heavy suburbs, the aerotropolis consists of an airport-centred commercial core (airport city) and outlying corridors and clusters of aviation-linked businesses and associated residential development.

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Konsep Pola Ruang

1. The Aerotropolis incorporates aviation-linked business and industrial clusters at and around airports and along airport access corridors.

2. The aerotropolis has both spatial and functional forms. Its spatial form consists of aviation- oriented businesses and their associated residential developments which cluster around airports and outward along connecting transport corridors generating observable physical features. The functional form consists of a more diffuse airport-integrated economic region whose businesses are as closely linked to distant suppliers, custom ers, and enterprise partners as they are to those in their own region.

3. Corporate headquarter functions. The full-range of office services and business support staff of a traditional corporate complex are available, including meeting rooms, computers and advanced telecom, secretarial and tech assistance.

4. Retail mall concepts have been merged into passenger terminals. Airport property beyond the terminal is being developed with hotel and entertainment facilities, conference and exhibition complexes, shopping centers, office buildings, and logistics and free trade zones. Airports also frequently offer complementary sets of facilities for airport and airline employees (such as day care centers and health clinics), as well as commercially serve residents in the local market area.

5. Cluster, rather than strip development, should be encouraged along airport transportation corridors with sufficient green space between clusters. Residential mixed-use developments for airport area workers and frequent air travelers should be designed to human scale, encouraging social interaction and sense of neighborhood. In short, aerotropolis development and “smart growth” should go hand-in-hand.

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1. Air cargo hub.

2. Multimodal air logistics hub.

3. Good surface transportation accessibility exists to the airport area.

4. Rapid ground connectivity to much of the region and beyond is provided by the inter city rail station underneath the complex.

5. Dedicated airport expressway links (aerolanes) and high-speed airport express trains (aerotrains) should efficiently connect airports to business and residential clusters, near and far. Special truck-only lanes should be added to airport expressways, as should improved interchanges to reduce congestion.

Konsep Sistem Transportasi

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1. Isu Kebisingan

2. Isu Keamanan dan Keselamatana. Tall Structures (Bangunan Tinggi)b. Visual Obstructions and Electronic Interference (Gangguan Pandangan dan

Pengaruh Elektronik)1) Debu2) Silau

3) Pancaran Cahaya4) Asap, Uap dan Kabut

c. Serangan Burung dan Satwa Liar

Isu Pengembangan Pola Ruang

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4343

Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Perumahan

Jenis Guna Lahan Perumahan Kerentanan Kebisingan

Pusat Aktivitas

Ketinggian Struktur

Gambaran Halangan

Kehidupan Liar dan Atraksi Burung

Rumah tunggal Rumah tunggal (tergabung dan terpisah)

P KP TP KP KP

Rumah susun (seperti dua atau lebih unit tempat tinggal dalam bangunan tunggal, apartemen seperti kondominium, elder, assisted living, townhouse)

Kepadatan rendah (level 1-3) P KP TP KP KPKepadatan menengah (level 4-12) P P KP P KPKepadatan tinggi (level 13 atau lebih)

P P P P KP

Kelompok tempat tinggal (assisted living, kelompok fasilitas, bangunan perawatan dan renovasi, kelompok rumah tunggal)

P P KP P KP

Taman Perumahan P P TP KP PP = PengaruhKP = Kemungkinan PengaruhTP = Tidan BerpengaruhSumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.

Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering-Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/Chapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf 43

4444

Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola RuangKesesuaian Guna Lahan Perdagangan

Jenis Guna Lahan KomersialKerentanan Kebisingan

Pusat Aktivitas

Ketinggian Struktur

Gambaran Halangan


Aktivitas KomersilPenyedia Makanan dan Minuman P P KP KP PPelayanan Kendaraan TP KP TP KP KP

Perkantoran (bisnis, pemerintahan, spesialis, kesehatan, atau lembaga keuangan) Kepadatan rendah (Level 2 -3) P KP TP KP KPKepadatan menengah (level 3 – 12) P P KP KP KPKepadatan tinggi (level 12 lebih) P P P KP P

Retail (pedagangan, lease, atau rentalan)Sales-oriented KP KP KP KP KPPelayanan P KP KP KP PPerbaikan/ renovasi P KP TP KP KPPerhotelan (hotel, motel, convention centre, gedung pertemuan, fasilitas pertunjukan)

P P KP KP KP

Kepadatan rendah (Level 2 -3) P P P P PKepadatan menengah (level 3 – 12) KP KP TP KP KPKepadatan tinggi (level 12 lebih) KP P KP KP KPGudang terbuka dan display KP KP TP KP KPPelayanan umum (terminal bus, stasiun, dan taxi) KP P KP KP KPBengkel (bengkel, pertokoan, toko ban) TP KP TP KP KP

P = PengaruhKP = Kemungkinan PengaruhTP = Tidan BerpengaruhSumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.


Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola RuangTabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Industri

4545

Guna LahanKerentanan Kebisingan

Pusat Aktivitas

Ketinggian Struktur

Gambaran Halangan

Kehidupan Liar dan Atraksi

BurungAktivitas Industri/ Manufaktur

Kawasan Pelayanan Industri (industry bubut, perbaikan barang, pergudangan, dsb)

TP P KP KP KP

Kawasan Produksi dan Manufaktur (manufaktur, proses, pabrik, perakitan)Manufaktur Teknik KP P KP P KPManufaktur Umum TP P KP P KPManufaktur Berat TP KP P P PPengolahan dan Pertambangan TP KP TP P POperasi Penyela-matan (firma pengumpulan, penyimpanan, dan pembongkaran kendaraan, mesin – mesin, peralatan, dan material bangunan)

TP TP KP KP KP

Penyimpanan / Per-gudangan Industri (gudang kecil/ fasilitas gudang)

TP TP TP KP KP

Kargo (pusat distrbusi, pergud-angan/ kargo, dsb) TP KP KP KP KPPembuangan (pusat daur ulang, pembuangan sampah, pusat transfer sampah, kompos, dsb)

TP TP KP P P

Grosiran (diskon, persewaan, atau rental barang untuk industri, institusi, atau investasi)

TP TP TP KP KP


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Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola RuangTabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Institusi

4646


Pusat Aktivitas

Ketinggian Struktur

Gambaran Halangan


Aktivitas InstitusiUniversitas dan Sekolah Tinggi P P P P PPelayanan Komunitas (publik, non profit, atau lembaga sosial)Pelayanan komunitas umum (perpustakaan, museum, pusat transit, TOD)

P P KP P P

Pelayanan komunitas khusus (persinggahan) P KP TP KP KPPenitipan anak (perawatan anak, perawatan remaja, PAUD)

P P TP P P

Penahanan (penjara, pusat rehabilitasi) P P KP P PFasilitas Pendidikan (negeri dan swasta)Fasilitas pendidikan umum (SD negeri dan swasta/ MI, SMP/MTS, dan SMA/MA serta asrama dan pendidikan militer)

P P P P P

Fasilitas pendidikan khusus (perekonomian, bisnis, atau kursus, tanpa gelar)

P P KP KP KP

Rumah sakit (rumah sakit, klinik) P P P P PPerkumpulan agama (kris-tiani, Hindustani, sinagog, muslim, masonik, dsb)

P P P P KP


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Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola RuangTabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Prasarana dan Transportasi

4747


Pusat Aktivitas

Ketinggian Struktur

Gambaran Halangan


Aktivitas pelayanan infrastrukturUtilitas dasar (cabang jaringan, jaringan elektrik, sanitasi dan gorong-gorong, menara air)

TP TP KP P P

Fasilitas transmisi komunikasi (pemancar, nirkabel, tower darurat, dan antenna)

TP TP P P KP

Perparkiran (besmen, struktur parkir) TP KP P KP KPTransportasi (jalan raya, jalan antar kota, jalan lokal, dan jalan nasional)

TP KP TP KP TP

Utilitas (pembangkit tenaga listrik, generator angin, dan turbin)

TP TP P P TP



Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola RuangTabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Pertanian dan Ruang Terbuka

4848


Pusat Aktivitas

Ketinggian Struktur

Gambaran Halangan


Aktivitas Pertanian dan Ruang TerbukaPertanian (pengolahan tanaman dan lumbung)

Hubungan hewan dan tumbuhan TP TP KP TP PHubungan permukiman (gudang bahan bakar/ fasilitas pemompaan, pembongkaran dan pengupasan, perdagangan hasil tani)

P TP KP KP P

Banjir TP TP TP TP PSumber air (air permukaan)Sumber daya buatan (pertambangan dan ekstraksi, kolam penam-pungan air, lahan basah)

TP TP TP P P

Sumber daya alami (danau, kolam, padang rumput, sungai, kali, lahan basah)

TP TP TP P P

Kawasan perlindungan hewan P KP TP P PP = PengaruhKP = Kemungkinan PengaruhTP = Tidan BerpengaruhSumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.


Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola RuangTabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Olahraga dan Rekreasi

4949


Pusat Aktivitas

Ketinggian Struktur

Gambaran Halangan

Kehidupan Liar dan Atraksi

BurungAktivitas taman dan hiburanHiburan komersil (fasilitas latihan fisik, rekreasi, dan budaya)Aktivitas di luar (perkemahan, fasilitas tenis/berenang, bioskop terbuka, skatting, paviliun)

P KP KP P KP

Aktivitas dalam ruangan (fitness, klub kesehatan, bowling, skatting, billiard, taman bermain, teater tertutup)

KP P KP P KP

Golf (lintasan golf, lapangan golf mini) P TP TP KP PUtilitas (taman bermain, lintasan balap, arena olah raga)

P P P P P

Taman (aquatic, fasilitas olah raga kawasan, keber-tentanggaan, seko-lah, komunitas)

P KP P KP KP

Kasino TP P KP P P


Dalam Pengembangan Aerocity

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Hal-Hal Yang Perlu Diwaspadai

Hal-Hal Yang Harus Diwaspadai

5151

2

The opportunities or constraints to aerotropolis roll-out are determined by natural ecological factors, surface transportation infrastructure, ownership of land parcels, labor force characteristics, and local governance structures.

1

Aerotropolis has to be more than a “build it and they will come” airport dream. Success rests on market realities and adequate air service.

51

Tant

anga

n

Lack of alignment between airport, city and regional planning;

Lack of integrated forward-looking spatial planning and joint-agreements;

Lack of coordination between different levels of government and other stakeholders;

Blighted conditions where small-scale older uses have been disenfranchised from wider improvement coalitions;

Competition, conflict and confusion between local authorities over development philosophies and planning controls;

Equitable financing of infrastructure provision;

Traffic congestion at airports stimulated by airport-related commercial activity;

Uncertainty regarding optimal character of on- and near-airport commercial development; and

Resistance from ’high street‘ traders and local municipalities to expansion of retailing at airports.

Persoalan Terkait Pola Ruang

52Sumber : The planning of airport regions and National Aviation Policy Issues and challenges in Australia 2008-2009, Robert Freestone and Douglas Baker.

Pengembangan Aerocity

53

Diagram Konsep

Runways: Regional Bones

54

Safety and Navigation Implications

55

The Noise Footprint

56

A Need for Services

57

Airport City Functions

58

A City Airport Becomes an Airport City

59

Konsep Pengembangan

60

Perumusan

1. Develop a multi-jurisdictional strategy

2. Plan primarily for airport related uses3. Develop airport compatible uses

4. Concentrate development5. Preserve natural areas

6. Develop sustainably7. Provide connectivity

8. Encourage mixed-use development9. Encourage infill development

10. Make places, not sprawl.

Development PrinciplesPittsburgh International Airport

61

Conceptual Development ProgramPittsburgh International Airport

Flex and distribution Bonded warehouses Freight forwarders Free trade zone assembly and

shipping Just-in-time electronics repairs Just-in-time manufacturing Technology companies

information technology robotics bio-medical Energy

Satellite university campuses Hospitals and trauma centers

Aerotropolis support services and uses

hotels entertainment conference centers retail and food mixed income housing

Headquarters International National Regional

E-Fulfillment centers Destination entertainment R & D parks Corporate campuses

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Proposed Business EnvironmentPiedmont Triad Aerotropolis

63

Di DalamAerocity

64

Rincian Jenis Kegiatan

1. Improving transportation capacity whether by highway or rail. There are those who believe that limiting capacity limits travel. That may be true but the congestion caused by limited capacity causes more emissions than adequate capacity.

2. Minimizing the needed ground movement. With the increase in especially business air travel, airports have become an important part of the metropolitan movement equation.

3. Per movement aircraft emissions and noise are generally decreasing but planning air routes and land use in combination can still reduce exposure.

Basic Design Principles for an Aerotropolis

65

1. Pengembangan kawasan komersial yang pesat di dan di sekitar gerbang bandara menjadikan kegiatan tersebut sebagai generator pertumbuhan perkotaan dan menjadikan bandara sebagai :a. pusat lapangan pekerjaan yang penting,b. kawasan perbelanjaan,c. perdagangan, sertad. destinasi bisnis,

serta bandara membangun sebuah “brand image” tersendiri untuk menarik kegiatan bisnis yang tidak berkaitan dengan kebandarudaraan.

2. Sifat alami dari pasar lokal dalam kegiatan industri dan komersial memiliki peran penting dalam keberlangsungan kota bandara dan kegiatan di dalamnya.

3. Area di sekitar bandara juga dapat menarik kegiatan bisnis, pekerja-pekerja profesional dan penduduk yang lebih banyak dibanding dengan área lain, pembangunan kegiatan komersial di dalam kawasan bandara merefleksikan kebutuhan dari pekerjaan, pekerja dan penduduk terhadap pelayanan yang disediakan oleh bisnis yang berbasis bandara. pelayanan-pelayanan tersebut meliputi pelayanan perumahan, rekreasi, kuliner, perdagangan, kesehatan, penitipan anak dan dokter hewan.

Proses Perkembangan Aerocity

66

4. Kebutuhan–kebutuhan untuk kegiatan bisnis yang berbasis pada bandara saat ini disediakan di dalam kawasan campuran (mixed use) yang luas di dalam área bandara, sebagai sentra pembangunan metropolitan. Pergeseran ini membuat pembangunan kota bandara sebagai model perencanaan kreartif dan atribut-atribut managemen yang berbeda.a. Perkantoran dan Kegiatan Bisnis, meliputi Kawasan Bisnisb. Logistik dan Distribusi, meliputi Freight Forwarding, 3 PL’s, Flow-thruc. Produksi Barang, meliputi Kawasan Industri.

Proses Perkembangan Aerocity

67

Aerotropolis menjadi generator utama pengembangan kawasan karena merupakan kawasan cepat tumbuh berbasis bandara atau sering disebut airport-centric commercial development. Kawasan ini menciptakan secara mandiri :

1. significant employment,2. shopping,

3. trading,4. business meeting,

5. entertainment, and6. leisure destinations,

sehingga menjadi kota handal dan menjadi daya tarik global (melalui airplane network) dan lokal (melalui multimodal lokal).

Jenis Kegiatan di Dalam Aerocity

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Daftar Kegiatan Komersial Kota Bandara

1. Pertokoan2. Restoran3. Kegiatan entertainmen dan kebudayaan4. Hotel dan akomodasinya5. Bank dan penukaran mata uang asing6. Gedung Perkantoran7. Convention and exhibition centers8. Hiburan, rekreasi dan pusat kebugaran9. Logistik dan distribusi10. Pengawetan makanan dan pendinginan11. Katering dan kuliner12. Perdagangan bebas dan sejenisnya13. Lapangan golf14. Factory outlets15. Pelayanan keluarga, seperti klinik kesehatan dan penitipan anak

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1. Kegiatan di dalam kota bandara :a. Pelayanan konsumen.b. Kawasan perdagangan, meliputi pertokoan.c. Real estate, meliputi perkantoran, hotel dan bongkar muat.d. Multi moda, meliputi taxi, trem, bus dan kereta api.e. Infrastruktur terminal, meliputi terminal.f. Infrastruktur dasar, meliputi jalan raya.

2. Kegiatan di luar kota bandara :a. Hotel dan penginapan.b. Kegiatan pertemuan, meliputi eksibisi dan konferensi.c. Kegiatan perdagangan, meliputi pusat perbelanjaan.

Skema Tipe Kegiatan Kota Bandara

70

Penerjemahan “Penggerak” Menjadi “Kegiatan”

71

Aerocity

72

Pembiayaan

Alternatif PembiayaanTahapan Pengembangan Berdasarkan Sumber Pembiayaan

He advises them on how to achieve the “Airport City’s Triple Bottom Line.”

The first point is that major airports now receive more of their revenue from nonaeronautical sources than from aeronautical sources.

Secondly, rapid commercial development at and around major airports transforms them into leading urban growth generators as airport areas become significant employment, shopping, and business destinations in their own right.

The airport area finally develops a “brand image” attracting even non-airport linked businesses.

Thus, Kasarda is advocating for nothing less than creating whole new airport-themed urban zones within regions.Sumber : Aerotropoli, The Logic of Globalization and the Rise of Dr. John Kasarda, By John Patrick Good Globalization Spaces Final Research Paper December 18, 2007

73

Sumber Pembiayaan

74

For those communities whose Airport has taken a lead role in the creation of an Aerotropolis, those efforts are also primarily, if not entirely, funded by that Airport. In these communities, the very active marine port authorities in those communities compliment the economic development efforts coordinated by their airports.

State and Federal grants/tax incentives.

Large scale private developers.

Combination of Public and Private sector financial contributions.

Airport-lead, Airport-funded.

These Aerotropolis communities have benefitted from vast tracts of available, developable land and the participation of a few real estate developers. These developers have privately financed. large scale communities, business parks, industrial facilities, and logistics parks where there once was desert or farmland.

In those communities where private sector involvement is strong and available land is at a premium, companies and units of government have made financial contributions to the Aerotropolis organization operating in that community.

For a number of Aerotropolis communities, the ability to offer tax incentives or the award of grant money has been given by the State or Federal Government.


Alternatif PembiayaanNon-Airline Revenue Target

7575


Alternatif PembiayaanHierarchy of Airport Participation

7676


Implementation & Governance

7777


Airport Management/Development Models

7878


Penyusun

Nama :Ir. Fitri Indra WardhonoPendidikan :Sarjana Teknik Strata Pertama Bidang Teknik

PlanologiEmail :[email protected] :fitriwardhono.wordpress.com