CCNA ppt Day 8

SWITCHING• Switch is a layer 2 Device

• Two types of switches:-1. Manageable•Switches which has a console port• It is costly• Ex: Cisco catalyst 29501. Non-manageable- •Switches which does not have console port• Less expensive• Ex: D-link, Net gear

FURTHER CLASSIFICATION

1. Cut through Cut through switch is one which has no error checking on incoming

frame Ex: Normal Switch

2. Store and Forward Store and forward has a buffer (small memory) in which the incoming

frame is saved in it , checks the error and transmits

FUNCTIONS OF SWITCH

• Address Learning•No entries are in MAC table initially• Each port broad cast to find its device for communication• The frame contains SMAC and source port no:• It is entered into the MAC table•After finding its device , the details are entered into the MAC table

• Forwarding• Forwarding is the process in which the frames are transferred according to MAC table

• Loop avoidance• Two links are connected to two switches.• A loop occurs between the loops

STP (SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL)• Provides a loop-free redundant network topology by

placing certain ports in the blocking state.

• It is to avoid Looping in switches

BRIDGE ID

• It is an address used to identify switches

• It is a combination of priority value + MAC address

• Ex: 32768:aa:bb:cc:dd

ROUTE BRIDGE

• The highest priority switch among network of switch.

• It controls the other ones.

• Only one Route Bridge is in a network

• The other switches are called non-Route Bridge

DESIGNATED PORT

• The forwarding port of frame is called DP

• All ports in Route Bridge are Designated ports

• All ports in a non-Route Bridge are non- Designated ports

ROOT PORT

• The ports in which designated and Non-Designated ports communicate.

STP OPERATION

• BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit), with the help of this packet, Root Bridge is elected.

• The Root Bridge is elected with comparing Bridge ID and Root ID.

• The lowest BPDU Root ID is the Root Bridge.

• Initially BPDU packets are sent to all switches.

• A Root Port is selected with the help of Path Cost.

• The port in which Path cost having lowest value is the Root port.

SWITCH COMPONENTS

• Processor

• Motherboard

• SMPS

• RAM

• NVRAM

• FLASH

• Switches typically have no power switch to turn them on and off. They simply connect or disconnect from a power source.

COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

• The command line interface of switch is same as that of a Router

• The Port interface is automatically assigned with IP and by default the status is up.

SWITCH PORT TYPES

1. Trunk A Switch to Switch connections are Trunk

2. Access PC- Switch connections are Access

SETTING ACCESS & TRUNK PORTSwitch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access (For Access Port)

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

PORT SECURITY

Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security

Switch(config-if)#switchport port-security maximum 1

Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security mac address sticky

Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security violation shutdown

Switch# show port-security (To Verify)

VLAN• Switch is a single broadcast domain

• Converting a single broadcast domain into multiple broadcast domain is called Vlan.

• It is a virtual LAN created in a switch.

• Two types:-• 1- 1005 standard• 1006 – 4096 extended

• All ports in a switch comes under Vlan 1 or administrative vlan by default (name default)

• Mainly Vlan is implemented for logical grouping

• A device under one Vlan area will not communicate with other Vlan area

• Implements security

• Very fast network

CREATING VLANSwitch(config)#vlan 100

Switch(config-vlan)#name vlan100

• Assigning a port to vlan:-

Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1

Or

Switch(config)#interface range fastethernet 0/1 – 10

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 100

• To remove:-

Switch(config)#no vlan 100

Switch(config-if)#no switchport access vlan 100

ASSIGNING IP

Switch(config)#interface vlan 100

Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

Switch(config-if)#no shut down

VLAN IDENTIFICATION OR FRAME TAGGING• Adding Vlan ID to each frame containing the details of destination

Vlan ID is called Vlan Identification

• Trunk port is used to connect two switch which passes multiple Vlan information

• Access port is used to connect PC and switch which passes single Vlan information

• Types:-• ISL (Interlink Switch)- Encapsulation method of CISCO• IEEE 802.1Q or dot1Q- Open support all switches

ROUTER ON STICKIn Router:-

Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0.1

Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 100

Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0







Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0

Router(config-if)no shut down

In Switch:-

Switch(config)interface fastethernet 0/1

Switch(config-if)switchport mode trunk

Switch#show interface trunk

VTP (VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL)• VTP is used to create domain environment in a switching network

• VTP modes:-• Server • Client• Transparent

• Cannot create, change, or delete VLANs

• Forwards advertisements

• Synchronizes VLAN configurations

• Does not save in NVRAM

• Creates, modifies, and deletes VLANs

• Sends and forwards advertisements

• Synchronizes VLAN configurations

• Saves configuration in NVRAM

• Creates, modifies, and deletes VLANs locally only

• Forwards advertisements

• Does not synchronize VLAN configurations

• Saves configuration in NVRAM

VTP DOMAIN

• VTP updates will not be received in switch which is having different domain name.

• It receives when domain name is same

Switch(config)#vtp domain NS (To create domain)

Switch(config)#vtp mode ? (To change the VTP mode)

CONFIGURATION REVISION NUMBER• A switch having higher revision number database overwrites to

another switch having lower revision number.

• To avoid this we make the switch which has higher revision number into transparent mode.

VTP PRUNING MODE

• This mode controls transferring unwanted updates from server to un manual switch.

Technology

CCNA ppt Day 8