Cells

• Cells were first discovered in 1665 by an English scientist Robert Hooke, when he looked at a thin slice of cork under his microscope.

• The structures that he saw reminded him of the rooms that monks lived in, so he called them cells.

Cell theory

• All living things are made of 1 or more cells

• Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms

• All cells come from cells that already exist.

• The cell is the smallest unit of life.

Types of cells

• Prokaryotic cells, these cells do not have a nucleus. Their DNA is found throughout the cell. The most common type of organism with prokaryotic cells are bacteria.

• Eukaryotic cells, these cells have a nuclear membrane, so that their DNA is located in a central location. Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic cells.

• you tube video

Parts of Eukaryotic cells

• The cell is made of smaller parts called organelles.

• This word literally means little organs.

• Just like organs these structures perform specific jobs for the cell.

• Plant and animal cells have both similar and dissimilar structures.

Plant VS Animal CellsStructures that 1 has and the other doesn’t

Plant cell structures• 1 large Vacuole• Cell Wall• Chloroplasts

Animal cell structures• Several Vacuoles

scattered throughout cell• Lysosome

The nucleus

• The nucleus acts like the brain of the cell.

• It directs the other parts of the cell through instructions printed on the DNA found on chromosomes that make up the chromatin.

• The nucleus consists of three parts the nuclear membrane, nucleolus, chromatin.

Other structures of the cell

• Cytoplasm: the jelly-like liquid that provides substances needed by the rest of the cell.

• Cell membrane: the semi-permeable membrane that provides structure and support for the rest of the cell, it also allows material to pass into and out of the cell. – Semi-permeable means it can pick and choose what passes

through.– Active and Passive Transport Video

• Vacuole: this organelle is a storage area for food and waste.

Other Organelles

• Mitochondria: These organelles produce energy for the cell.

• The golgi bodies this organelle package materials and move them out of the cell

• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) a folded membrane that moves materials around the cell. It is located around the nucleus

• Ribosomes are small 2 part structures that make proteins for the cell. Some are attached to the ER, others are scattered around the cell.

Special Organelles• Cell Wall: an extra wall around the cell membrane that is made of

cellulose, the cell wall gives the plant cell structure and support.• Chloroplasts: these organelles are filled with a green pigment

called chlorophyll. This pigment converts the sun’s energy into a usable form for the plant cell.

• Lysosomes: the lysosomes are organelles only found in animal cells they help, the mitochondrion turn glucose into energy.

• In plant cells the vacuole is much larger than the vacuole(s) in animal cells.

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Cell Organization* *see flow chart

• Cells are the basic units of life.• Groups of similar cells form tissues, these groups

of cells work together to do a particular job• Tissues group together to form organs, organs

perform special tasks for the body.• Groups of organs then form organ systems that

do specialized jobs for the body.• Organ systems then work together to create an

organism