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Chapter 11
PERSONALITY
Presented by: Princess A. De Jesus
Nina Jennica Reyes
The term personality is often used in everyday conversation. Its importance cannot be denied.
In our society, people put a high premium on the good or pleasing personality.
What is Personality?
PERSONALITY
Is defined as a set of traits and characteristics that an individual possess that makes him/her unique.
Etymologically, it comes from the Lt. word “persona” which connotes a mask.
Explanations of the Rudiments of Personality
Theoretical Models
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIES
Sigmund Freud•Founder of psychoanalytic school of thought.
•Focused on unconscious psychological conflicts.
•Proposed the three significant components of human personality.
•“Eros” and “Thanatos”.
•Psychosexual stages of personality development.
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIST
To Freud, “sexuality” refers to all kinds of pleasurable feelings experienced by the human body.
• The Id (Pleasure Principle)
• Demanding immediate gratification of its needs regardless of the external environment.
• The Ego (Reality Principle)
• Realistically meets the wishes and demands of the Id in accordance with the outside world.
• The Superego (Conscience)
• Inculcates moral judgment and societal rules upon the ego, thus forcing the demands of the Id to be met not only realistically but also morally.
Three Significant Components of the Human Personality
Major Components of Freud’s Theories
Eros (sex; instinctual self-perseveration) Thanatos (death; instinctual self-anhilation)
Alfred Adler• believed that birth order may influence personality development
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIST
Adler’s Birth Order Personality Theory
Heinz Kohut•His thoughts are similar of Freud’s idea of transference.
•He used narcissism as a model of how we develop our sense of self.
•Introduced what he called the “self-object transferences” of mirroring and idealization
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIST
Karen Horney•Is credited with the development of the “ideal self” and “real-self”.
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIST
HUMANISTIC THEORIES
Abraham Maslow•Studied what he called “self-actualizing persons,” those who are “fulfilling themselves and doing the best they are capable of doing.”
HUMANISTIC THEORIST
Maslow and Roger’s View of a Person
- active, creative, experiencing human being who lives in the present and subjectively responds to current perceptions, relationships, and encounters.
- dark, pessimistic outlook
Carl Rogers•Stressed the reflective or empathetic response as a new approach to therapy
HUMANISTIC THEORIST
• REFLECTIVE / EMPATHETIC RESPONSE - refers to the type of response that takes the client’s viewpoint and reflects back to his or her feeling and the context for it.
“It seems you are feeling anxious about your upcoming marriage.”
BIOLOGICAL THEORIES
Phineas Gage
Richard Davidson-(University of Wisconsin - Madison)
-Focused on the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala in manifesting human personality
Commonly Used Techniques to Study Personality Traits in the Brain
BEHAVIORIST THEORIES
B. F. Skinner•Developed and put forth a model which emphasized the mutual interaction of the person or “the organism“ with its environment.
BEHAVIORIST THEORIST
Ivan Pavlov•Is well known for his classical conditioning experiments involving dogs. •Discovered the foundation of behaviorism as well as classical conditioning.
BEHAVIORIST THEORIST
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Albert Bandura•Suggested that the forces of memory and emotions worked in conjunction with environmental influences.
•He is known mostly for his “Bobo Doll experiment.”
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORIST
BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENT
Observational Learning Modeling
Erick Erickson•Credited for creating a theory that encompasses the entire life cycle and recognizes the impact of society, history and culture on personality.•Best known for his concept of “identity crisis.”
Erick Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
QUIZ TIME!
THANK YOUand
GOOD DAY!