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1
Chapter 9 –
Global
Stratifi
catio
n
Charlie Ann Osborn Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology
2Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology
“A system of relative privilege based on power, property, and prestige.”
*** The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative power, property, and prestige; applies to both nations and to people within a nation, society, or another group.
Every society stratifies its membersIn every society of the world, gender is a
basis for stratifying people
What is Social Stratification?
3Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology
SlaveryA form of social stratification in which some people own other peopleCauses – was usually based on 1
of 3 factors1. Debt (some would enslave those
who could not repay their debt)2. Crime (ex. A murderer might be
enslaved by the victim’s family)3. War (when one group raided
another, they killed the men, kept the women)
4Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology
SlaveryConditions of slavery
In some places slavery was temporaryNot necessarily inheritable
In some places a child of a slave might be adopted by the rich family who owned the slave
Slaves were not necessarily powerless and poor Although rare, some slaves became wealthy
and even owned slaves themselves and loaned money to their masters
5Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology
Slavery in the New WorldBonded labor and Indentured ServantsThis is a gray area between a contract and
slavery.The book defines as – a contractual system
in which someone sells his or her body (services)for a specified period of time in an arrangement very close to slaver, except that it is voluntarily entered into.
Ideology – beliefs about the way things ought to be that justify social arrangements.Slave owners developed an ideology that
slaves were inferior, some even said slaves were inhuman.
Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology 6
Slavery in the New World
Look at page 238 at the similar advertisement for slaves.
Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology 7
Slavery TodayThere is still slavery in parts of the world today
Page 239 talks about slavery of the Dinka tribe in rural Sudan
8Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology
CasteCaste System – a form of social
stratification in which one’s status is determined by birth and is lifelong
Endogamy – the practice of marrying within one’s own group
Page 240
9Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology
EstateEstate Stratification– the stratification system of medieval Europe, consisting of three groups or estates: the nobility, clergy, and the commoners.
Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology 10
Class***Class System- a
form of social stratification based primarily on the possession of money or material possessions.
Social Mobility – movement up or down the social class ladder
11Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology
Karl MarxThe means of production (the tools,
factories, land, and investment capital used to create wealth)
***Bourgeoisie – his term for the capitalists, those who had the means of production
***Proletariat – his term for the exploited class; the mass of workers who did not own the means of production
Class consciousness – awareness of a common identity based on one’s position in the means of production
False class consciousness - workers identifying with the interests of capitalists
What determines Social Class?
12Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology
Max Weber (page 245)A critic of MarxArgued there were 3
components of social class (the 3 Ps)1. Property2. Prestige3. Power
What Determines Social Class?
13Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology
The Functionalist view: Motivating Qualified PeopleDavis & Moore (1945, 1953) concluded stratification is inevitable because:
1. Society must make sure certain positions are filled
2. Some positions are more important than others3. The more important positions must be filled by
the most qualified people4. To motivate the more qualified people to fill
these positions, society must offer them greater rewards
Why is Social Stratification Universal?
14Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology
Tumin’s (1953) Critique of Davis and Moore
First, who is to say which positions are more important to society? Doctors Vs. Trash Collectors – each save lives
in different ways…Second, if stratification worked like D and M
suggest, it would be a system of ***Meritocracy – a form of stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit – which it is not.
Third, if SS is functional it should benefit everyone, yet it is dysfunctional for many.
Why is Social Stratification Universal?
15Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology
***Colonialism – the process by which one nation takes over another nation, usually for the purpose of exploiting its labor and natural resourcesKind of like the survival of the fittest
World system theory – economic and political connections that tie the world’s countries togetherGlobalization of capitalism – capitalism becoming the
globe’s dominant economic system Culture of Poverty Theory – the assumption that the
values and the behaviors of the poor are different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parents perpetuate poverty across generations by passing these characteristics on to their kids
How did the world’s Nations Become Stratified?
16Osborn-Chapter 9 Sociology
Neocolonialism - The economic and political dominance of the Least Industrialized Nations by the Most Industrialized Nations.
Multinational Corporations – companies that operate across national boundaries; also called transnational corporations….ex. McDonalds!!!
Maintainng Global Stratification