Arduino Yún: Internet for makers

Federico Vanzati

f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

Federico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

What is Arduino?

Arduino is an electronic prototyping platform that can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators.

COMMUNICATION

INPUT

OUTPUT

AnalogDigital

AnalogDigital

USBSerialTWISPI

Physical to Internet?Federico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

Ethernet ShieldWiFi Shield

Federico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

TCP/IP stackonly

Client ServerManaging the connection

Limited number of connectionsand modest performances because all the code is processed from the AVR

can't handle secure connections natively

Arduino YúnFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

32U4[Leonardo]

AR9331running OpenWRT

Usual Arduino experience

HttpsSSL

SSH Tools offered by the Linux system

Advanced connectivity capabilitiesthanks to Linux

Internet of Things (IoT)Federico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

Arduino: one of the first platform to offer the possibility to connect sensors and actuators to Internet.

Many projects in different categories, for example:

● Smart metering (photovoltaic, water flow and level, electrical comsumption)

Internet of Things (IoT)Federico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

● Enviroment (radiation level, earthquake, air pollution)

● Security & Emergencies (intrusion detection, fire/gas detection)

Internet of Things (IoT)Federico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

In a few years certainly these projects have influenced the definition of IoT.

The Arduino Yún follows the evolution of internet answering to the new requirements of access to the web services.

The Arduino Yún gives you a lot of cool features.

Both WiFi and Ethernet

Enhanced connectivity (speed, more protocols, …)

Independent Web Server

Additional peripherals (USB host, SD card

What's on board?Federico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

Thanks to the Linux processor you have all the tools you normally use on your compurer to develop code that lives on Internet.

Hardware SummaryFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

Atmega32U4 (Leonardo) AR9331 (OpenWRT)

Digital I/O Pins 20

PWM Channels 7

Analog Input Channels 12

Flash Memory 28 KB aval.

SRAM 2.5 KB

EEPROM 1 KB

Clock Speed 16 MHz

Architecture MIPS @400MHz

Ethernet IEEE 802.3 10/100Mbit/s

WiFi IEEE 802.11b/g/n

USB Type-A 2.0 Host/Device

Card Reader Micro-SD only

RAM 64 MB DDR2

Flash Mem.16 MB

Operating voltage: 5V

Processors CooperationFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

Bridge ConceptFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

As is common on Linux system, the console to access to the environment is exposed on the Serial port.

The Arduino microcontroller (32U4) can control the Linux system through the Serial port.

The Bridge Library has been developed to simplify the way the sketch can manage the processes and the tools on the Linux side.

Bridge

Arduino Library

Python process on the Linux side

Started by the sketch

Bridge Features – communication protocolFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

The Bridge library simplify the communication between the two processors using a protocol that numbers the packets, manage retrasmission and timeout.

● Storage● Process● Console● FileIO● Mailbox● HttpClient● YunServer● YunClient

Classes of the library:

Bridge Features – Shared StorageFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

With the Bridge library is possible to save data or variables and share it with the Linux processor using the shared storage, that has a KEY/VALUE structure.

Bridge Features – ProcessFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

Process is the base class for all Bridge based calls for communicating with the Yun's shell. It is not called directly, but invoked whenever you use a function that relies on it.

Process p;              p.begin("curl");        p.addParameter("http://arduino.cc/asciilogo.txt");   p.run();

Run Process

while (p.available()>0) {    char c = p.read();    Serial.print(c);  }  Serial.flush();}

Read Output

Bridge Features – ConsoleFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

Console, based on Bridge, enables you to send information from the Yún to a computer just as you would with the serial monitor, but wirelessly. It creates a secure connection between the Yún and your computer via SSH.

#include <Console.h>const int ledPin = 13; int incomingByte;void setup() {  Bridge.begin();  Console.begin();   while (!Console) ; // wait for Console port to connect.  Console.println("You're connected to the Console!!!!");  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);}void loop() {  // see if there's incoming serial data:  if (Console.available() > 0) {    incomingByte = Console.read(); // read the oldest byte in the serial buffer:    if (incomingByte == 'H') { // if it's a capital H (ASCII 72), turn on the LED      digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);    }     if (incomingByte == 'L') {  // if it's an L (ASCII 76) turn off the LED      digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);    }  }}

Bridge Features – FileIOFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

FileIO is the base class for manipulating files and directories on the Linux system directly from the 32U4.

If an SD card is inserted into the slot with an empty folder in the SD root named "arduino". This will ensure that the Yún will create a link to the SD to the "/mnt/sd" path.

Bridge Features – MailboxFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

Mailbox Class allows you to exchange messages between the two processors, putting them in two separate queues.

Bridge Features – Client/ServerFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

HttpClient:

HttpClient extends Process and acts as a wrapper for common cURL commands by creating a HTTP client in Linino

YunServer:

YunServer opens a listening socket on the Linino. You can choose to use it only on localhost or expose the socket on the outside (with or without password)

YunClient:

YunClient is a TCP/IP client, implements the same APIs to connect, read and write as in the Arduino Ethernet and WiFi Client libraries

WiFi UploadFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

“www” folderFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

Out of the Box experienceFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

TembooFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

Sands ProjectFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino

Social&Smart is a research project using the housekeeping scenario to experiment a pervasive Future Internet network that provides real services to a wide population.

DemoFederico Vanzati f.vanzati@arduino.cc - Officine Arduino Torino