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LECTURE 4: PROCESSING AND ADVANCED INTERFACES
COMP 4026 – Advanced HCI Semester 5 - 2016
Mark Billinghurst University of South Australia
August 18th 2016
RECAP
App Inventor • http://appinventor.mit.edu/ • http://appinventor.org/ • Visual Programming for Android Apps • Features
• Access to Android Sensors • Multimedia output
• Drag and drop web based interface • Designer view – app layout • Blocks view – program logic/control
App Inventor Designer View
App Inventor Blocks View
Interactive Coding - Processing ▪ Programming tool for Artists/Designers ▪ http://processing.org ▪ Easy to code, Free, Open source, Java based ▪ 2D, 3D, audio/video support
▪ Processing For Android ▪ http://wiki.processing.org/w/Android ▪ Strong Android support, builds .apk file
Buchenau, M., & Suri, J. F. (2000, August). Experience prototyping. In Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques (pp. 424-433). ACM.
Experience Prototyping The experience of even simple artifacts does not exist in a vacuum but, rather, in dynamic relationship with other people, places and objects. Additionally, the quality of people’s experience changes over time as it is influenced by variations in these multiple contextual factors.
Role Playing
littleBits - http://littlebits.cc/
• Plug and play hardware components • Sensors, input, output
• Rapid design with hardware
Little Bits Demo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDa3dOERxvA
Interaction Design Process
Evaluate
(Re)Design
Identify needs/ establish
requirements
Build an interactive version
Final Product
When to evaluate? • Once the product has been developed
• pros : rapid development, small evaluation cost • cons : rectifying problems
• During design and development • pros : find and rectify problems early • cons : higher evaluation cost, longer development
design implementation evaluation redesign & reimplementation
design implementation
Four evaluation paradigms
• ‘quick and dirty’ • usability testing (lab studies) • field studies • predictive evaluation
Characteristics of approaches
Usability testing
Field studies
Predictive
Users do task natural not involved
Location controlled natural anywhere When prototype early prototype
Data quantitative qualitative problems Feed back measures &
errors descriptions problems
Type applied naturalistic expert
Evaluation approaches and methods Method Usability
testing Field studies
Predictive
Observing x x
Asking users
x x
Asking experts
x x
Testing x
Modeling x
CASE STUDY
Interaction Design Process
Evaluate
(Re)Design
Identify needs/ establish
requirements
Build an interactive version
Final Product
MOBILE AUGMENTED REALITY FOR SPATIAL
NAVIGATION Sharon Brosnan
0651869 Bachelor of Science in Digital Media Design
STORYBOARD
INITIAL SKETCHES Pros:• Goodforideagenera,on• Cheap• ConceptsseemfeasibleCons:• Notgreatfeedbackgained• Photoshopnotfastenoughformakingchanges
POST IT PROTOTYPING
FirstDra.
CameraViewwith3D
SecondDra. ThirdDra.
• Selec,onhighlightedinblue
• Homebu<onaddedforeasynaviga,ontomainmenu
POWERPOINT PROTOTYPING Benefits• UsedforUserTes,ng• Interac,ve• Func,onali,esworkwhenfollowingthestoryofScenario1• Quick• EasyarrangementofslidesUserTes<ng• Par,cipantsfound• 15minutesessionsscreencaptured• ‘TalkAllowed’techniqueused
• Notestaken
• Post-Interview
WIKITUDE • Popular augmented reality browser for
mobile devices
• Mapping
• Point of Interest abilities
• Multiplatform
• Shows the points of interest of Bunratty Folk Park • Markers can be selected in and an
information pop-up appears
VIDEO PROTOTYPE ! Flexibletoolforcapturingtheuseofaninterface
! Elaboratesimula,onofhowthenaviga,onalaidwillwork
! Doesnotneedtoberealis,cineverydetail
! Givesagoodideaofhowthefinishedsystemwillwork
MORE PROCESSING
Processing - Notes • Language of Interaction
• Physical Manipulation • Input using code • Mouse Manipulation • Presence, location, image • Haptic interfaces and multi-touch • Gesture • Voice and Speech
Basic Parts of a Sketch /* Notes comment */!//set up global variables!float moveX = 50;!!//Initialize the Sketch!void setup (){!}!!//draw every frame!void draw(){!}!
Sample Drawing int m = 0;!float s = 0;!!void setup(){! size(512,512);! background(255);!}!!void draw (){! fill(255,0,0);! ellipse(mouseX,mouseY,s,s);!}!!void mouseMoved(){! s = 40 + 20*sin(++m/10.0f);!}!
Drawing • draw() gets called as fast as possible, unless a frameRate is specified • stroke() sets color of drawing outline • fill() sets inside color of drawing • mousePressed is true if mouse is down • mouseX, mouseY - mouse position
!void draw() { !!stroke(255); !!if(mousePressed) {!! !line(mouseX, mouseY, pmouseX, pmouseY);!! !}!!}!
Processing and Drawing • Basic Shapes rect(x, y, width, height)!ellipse(x, y, width, height)!line(x1, y1, x2, y2), line(x1, y1, x2, y2, z1, z2)!
• Filling shapes - fill( ) fill(int gray), fill(color color), fill(color color, int alpha)!
• Curve • Draws curved lines
• Vertex • Creates shapes (beginShape, endShape)
Vertex Demo void setup(){! size(400,400);!}!!void draw(){! background(255);! fill(0);! beginShape();! vertex(0,0);! vertex(400,400);! vertex(mouseX,mouseY);! endShape();!}!
Curve Demo void setup(){! size(400,400);!}!!void draw(){! background(255);! fill(0);! ! int xVal = mouseX*3-100;! int yVal = mouseY*3-100;! ! curve(xVal, yVal, 100, 100, 100, 300, xVal, yVal);! curve(xVal, yVal, 100, 300, 300, 300, xVal, yVal);! curve(xVal, yVal, 300, 300, 300, 100, xVal, yVal);! curve(xVal, yVal, 300, 100, 100, 100, xVal, yVal);! !}!
Class and Objects
• see http://processing.org/learning/objects/ • Object
• grouping of multiple related properties and functions
• Objects are defined by Object classes • Eg Car object
• Data • colour, location, speed
• Functions • drive(), draw()
Classes
• four elements: name, data, constructor, and methods. • Name class myName { }!
• Data • collection of class variables
• Constructor • run when object created
• Methods • class functions
Car Class
Class Usage // Step 1. Declare an object.!Car myCar;!!void setup() { ! // Step 2. Initialize object.! myCar = new Car(); !} !!void draw() { ! background(255); ! // Step 3. Call methods on the object. ! myCar.drive(); ! myCar.display(); !}!
Constructing Objects • One Car Car myCar= new Car(); !
• Two Cars !// Creating two car objects !!Car myCar1 = new Car(); !!Car myCar2 = new Car(); !
• One car with initial values Car myCar = new Car(color(255,0,0),0,100,2); !
Modifying Constructor Car(color tempC, float tempXpos, float tempYpos, float tempXspeed) !
{ ! c = tempC; ! xpos = tempXpos; ! ypos = tempYpos; ! xspeed = tempXspeed; !}!
Mouse Interaction • Mouse position
• mouseX, mouseY variables
• Mouse Interaction • mousePressed() • mouseReleased() • mouseDragged()
• Add in own code void mouseDragged(){!line(pmouseX, pmouseY, mouseX, mouseY);!}!
Keyboard Interaction
• Check keyPressed variable in draw() method !void draw(){!! !if(keyPressed){!! ! !print(" you pressed " +key);!! !}!}!
• Use keyPressed() method !void keyPressed(){!! !print(" you're pressing "+key);!!}!
Importing Libraries • Can add functionality by Importing Libraries
• java archives - .jar files
• Include import code import processing.opengl.*;!
• Popular Libraries • Minim - audio library • OCD - 3D camera views • Physics - physics engine • bluetoothDesktop - bluetooth networking
http://toxiclibs.org/
Graphical Controls
• Use ControlP5 Library • http://www.sojamo.de/libraries/controlP5/
• Add graphical controls • Buttons, sliders, etc • Support for OSC (Open Sound Controller)
• Use ControlP5 class import controlP5.*;!addButton(name, value, x, y, width, height);!
• Event Handing
Interface Elements
• Interfascia • http://www.superstable.net/interfascia/
• GUI Library for Processing • Buttons • Check boxes • Textfields • Progress bar
Graphical Controls • Use ControlP5 Library
• http://www.sojamo.de/libraries/controlP5/
• Add graphical controls • Buttons, sliders, etc • Support for OSC (Open Sound Controller)
• Use ControlP5 class import controlP5.*;!addButton(name, value, x, y, width, height);!
• Event Handing
P5 Example Controls
Programming Graphics
• Transformations • Creating motion and animation • Bitmaps and pixels • Textures
3D Graphics
• Two options • P3D Library • OpenGL Library
• P3D • Simple, integrated directly into processing • Lightweight 3D
• OpenGL • Full graphics support • Complex
Shapes • beginShape(SHAPE);
• Define Vertices • SHAPES: QUADS, QUAD_STRIP, TRIANGLE_FAN
• endShape(); • Eg: Quads !beginShape(QUADS);! !fill(0, 1, 1); vertex(-1, 1, 1);! !fill(1, 1, 1); vertex( 1, 1, 1);! !fill(1, 0, 1); vertex( 1, -1, 1);! !fill(0, 0, 1); vertex(-1, -1, 1);!!endShape();!
P3D Scene size(640, 360, P3D); !background(0);!lights();!!noStroke();!pushMatrix();!!translate(130, height/2, 0);!!rotateY(1.25);!!rotateX(-0.4);!!box(100);!popMatrix();!!noFill();!stroke(255);!pushMatrix();!!translate(500, height*0.35, -200);!!sphere(280);!popMatrix();!
Vertices Demo
• RGB Cube • Vetices and vertex fills
• VertexDemo • Different types of quad strips • User defined drawing function
Transformations • Rotation ! !rotateX(a), rotateY(a * 2.0), rotateZ(a)!
• Translation ! !translate(X,Y); translate(X,Y,Z);!
• Scale • Push and Pop functions
• Push - Saving current coordinate system • Pop – Restores previous coordinate system • Eg: PushPopCubes
OpenGL
• Import opengl library import processing.opengl.*;!
• Create drawing context !void draw(){!! !PGraphicsOpenGL pgl = (PGraphicsOpenGL) g;!! !GL g = pgl.beginGL();!! !//use GL methods!! !pgl.endGL(); //end opengl calls!}!
3D Model Loading • Using saito model loader
• Loads obj files • http://code.google.com/p/saitoobjloader/downloads
• Code fragment import saito.objloader.*;!OBJModel model ;!model = new OBJModel(this, "sa.obj", "absolute", TRIANGLES);!
Other Tools
• GLGraphics • http://glgraphics.sourceforge.net/
• Library that extends the Processing OpenlGL renderer • opengl textures, • image post-processing filters, • 3D Models, and shaders in GLSL, • Cg and CgFX
ADVANCED INTERFACE TECHNOLOGY
Advanced Interface Technology • Wearable Computers • Augmented Reality • Virtual Reality • Invisible Interfaces • Environment Sensing • Physiological Sensing
Class Project 1. Pick Advanced Technology 2. Brainstorm use case 3. Develop conceptual design 4. Prototype interface/experience design 5. Conduct user evaluation 6. Repeat steps 3-5 7. Write report
WEARABLE COMPUTERS
Major changes in computing
Wearable Computing ▪ Computer on the body that is: ▪ Always on ▪ Always accessible ▪ Always connected
▪ Other attributes ▪ Augmenting user actions ▪ Aware of user and surroundings
Wearable Attributes
▪ fafds
Google Glass
View Through Google Glass
Research Problems • Hardware
• Power, networking, display
• User Interaction • User input, speech, gesture, gaze, etc • Novel interaction methods
• Social Acceptance • Privacy, social factors
• Novel Applications • Collaboration • Intelligent assistance
AUGMENTED REALITY
1977 – Star Wars
Augmented Reality Definition
• Defining Characteristics [Azuma 97] • Combines Real and Virtual Images
• Both can be seen at the same time • Interactive in real-time
• The virtual content can be interacted with • Registered in 3D
• Virtual objects appear fixed in space
Azuma, R. T. (1997). A survey of augmented reality. Presence, 6(4), 355-385.
2008 - CNN
• Put AR pictures here
Augmented Reality Examples
Typical Demo Application
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOfN1plW_Hw
Research Problems • Low level hardware/software
• Head mounted displays • Tracking systems
• User Interaction • Gesture based interaction • Multimodal input (speech, gesture)
• Novel Applications • Face to face collaboration • Authoring tools
VIRTUAL REALITY
Virtual Reality
• 1985…
Virtual Reality
• Immersive VR • Head mounted display, gloves • Separation from the real world
Occulus Rift
• $300 USD • 360 degree head tracking • 100 degree field of view
Wearable Virtual Reality
• Samsung Gear VR • See virtual reality on your phone • Using phone display, compass
Gear VR Demo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjpGnh2PDoU
AR vs VR
Research Problems • Low level
• Wide area tracking • Development tools
• User Interaction • Intuitive input (gesture, controllers) • Avatar control and representation • Techniques for navigation/manipulation
• Novel Applications • Massive multi-user environments • Content capture and sharing
INVISIBLE INTERFACES
Early Examples
• Interaction without devices: • BodySpace [Strachan 2007]: Functions to body position • Abracadabra [Harrison 2007]: Magnets on finger tips • GesturePad [Rekimoto 2001]: Capacitive sensing in clothing
• Palm-based Interaction • Haptic Hand [Kohli 2005]: Using non-dominant hand in VR • Sixth Sense [Mistry 2009]: Projection on hand • Brainy Hand [Tamaki 2009]: Head worn projector/camera
Unobtrusive Input Devices
▪ GesturePad ▪ Capacitive multilayered touchpads ▪ Supports interactive clothing
ImaginaryPhone
• Gustafson, S., Holz, C., & Baudisch, P. [2011]
Imaginary Phone Demo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtbRen9RYx4
Transfer Learning
Invisible Interfaces – Gestures in Space
• Gustafson, S., Bierwirth, D., & Baudisch, P. [2010] • Using a non-dominant hand stabilized interface.
Imaginary Interfaces
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=718RDJeISNA
Project Soli
• Using Radar to support free-hand spatial input
Project Soli
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QNiZfSsPc0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWNebDDmuXc
Research Gaps • Free-hand interfaces using relative input • Combining invisible interface + mobile device • Multimodal interaction
• speech + gesture input • Affordances and discoverability • Interaction frameworks
Research Problems • Hardware
• Power, networking, display
• User Interaction • User input, speech, gesture, gaze, etc • Novel interaction methods
• Social Acceptance • Privacy, social factors
• Novel Applications • Collaboration • Intelligent assistance
ENVIRONMENT SENSING
Environmental Sensor
• New sensors track and capture real environment • Navigation, 3D modeling, user tracking
• Depth Sensors • Microsoft Kinect, Intel RealSense
• Integrated Devices • Google Tango
Google Tango • Tablet based system
• Android OS • Multiple sensors
• RGBD Sensor • IR Structured light • Inertial sensors
• High end graphics • Nvidia tegra chip
Google Tango
Research Problems • Content creation
• Creating better 3D models • Segmenting objects
• User Interaction • Interaction with real world • Interacting with multiple devices
• Novel Applications • AR notes/real world tagging • Social networking
PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSING
Physiological Sensors • Sensing user state
• Body worn devices
• Multiple possible sensors • Physical activity • Eye tracking, gaze • Heart rate • GSR • Breathing • Etc
Tobii Eye Tracker
• Wearable eye tracking system • Natural data capture • Scene camera capture • Recording/streaming eye gaze, 60 Hz sampling
Tobii Demo
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDG1mRFFusc
Research Problems • User Interaction
• Implicit vs. Explicit interaction • Measuring cognitive
• Social Acceptance • Privacy, social factors
• Novel Applications • Collaboration • Intelligent assistance
