J. Smet, B. Tuffuor, S.P. Sekuma

3rd IWA Congress, Nairobi, October 2013

Technologies not fit for context

36% of poorest urban quintile in

SSA: unimproved water supply

Of that segment: 21% defecates

in the open and 37% uses

unimproved sanitation facilities

Promising technologies

frequently do not go beyond the

pilot stage, no scale.

No systems to validate new

technologies

TAFTechnology Applicability Framework

&

TIPTechnology Introduction Process

TAF- A decision making tool on the applicability of a

specific WASH technology and its contribution to a

sustainable service and on its readiness for

introduction to scale within a specific context

Use

Stimulate discussion about a WASH technology

Assess the potential of a particular WASH technology

in a specific context

Assess readiness of a sector to scale up a technology

Support M&E of successful or failing technology

April 2013

WASH Technology to be assessed for

applicability in given context

1 Screening

Step-1: Need and Demand

Step-2: Basic Applicability

3 Presentation of resultsof screening and assessments

4 Interpretation and Conclusion

Assessmentsof the potential of a WASH technology in a given context

2

Collect relevant information on

technology, e.g. CapEx, OpEx

Train staff for field assessments

Conduct field survey using

guiding questions

Analyse, validate & score in a

multi-stakeholder workshop

User/

Buyer

Producers/

Providers

Regulators/

Investors/

Facilitators

Interpretation per perspective

per particular dimension

As entire profile

Su

sta

inab

ilit

yD

imen

sio

ns

Technology

Skills &

Know-how

Institutional

& Legal

Environ-

mental

Economic

Social

(4) (5) (6)

(7) (8) (9)

(10) (11) (12)

(13) (14) (15)

(16) (17) (18)

(1) (2) (3)

? ?

?

?

User/

Buyer

Producers/

Providers

Regulators/

Investors/

Facilitators

+ +

+

+

+

+

0

0 0

0

-

-

-

-

Key perspectives

June 2013

+

0

-

High value, neutral or positive, supportive characteristics

Potential impact, could become critical, needs follow up

Low value, negative, critical, hindering characteristics

? Unclear information, should be clarified?

+

0

-

or for specific topics such as O&M

Country Technology Rating

Burkina Faso UDDT Successful

VIP latrine Successful

Ghana EnviroLoo Failed

Biofill toilet Promising

Uganda UDDT Failed

Poor access to household sanitation facilities is

a major problem in low income urban areas

High population densities and crowded

Unplanned settlements: little space for toilets

No sewerage system for users to connect to

No national level subsidy arrangements

Biofil Digester still in pilot phase; yet to be

nationally approved as a sanitation technology

Dimension

Perspective

User Producer Regulator

Social Clear willingness to invest No active promotion; producer has

strategically limited promotion

No need for behavior change and major

social marketing

Economic Affordable if Capex is

subsidised and if it is

targeted at small towns

There is some profit margin –

Producer willing to continue

production. Huge marketing

potential but producer will not be

able to do it all alone

No subsidies for sanitation in line with

national policies

Environmental There can be a potential for

risks though not high.

Further info on effluent

quality needed.

Potential for local production

without harmful input resources

Further info on reuse of manure &

effluent needed. MMDA monitoring units

need training & equipment which come

at a cost

Institutional,

Organizational

and Legal

Required legal structures

are feasible

No legal requirements to

register WASH

technologies, but it helps for

acceptability

Regulation of quality of

construction supervised by an

engineer. Quality of effluent checks

not being done by EPA

Not fair to say it doesn’t meet quality

standards since it has not been checked.

Alignment with policies – has not been

submitted for approval so cannot say

Skills and

Knowhow

Users can deal with

technology appropriately

with respect to O&M

In terms of product development,

sufficient skills and capacities exist.

But not proven in the promotion

and marketing side

Different orgs at the nat’l level-answering

the question lumps them together and

will present a mixed picture as some

have and some don’t have the capacity

Technological User satisfaction high

though it is in the

developmental stage

Viable models for selling exist Potential exists for support. Unless the

right orgs are approached, the support

won’t come.

Capital cost of Biofil digester needs attention to

make it more affordable to poor households

Risk for environmental contamination: the

quality of effluent and manure needs to be

ascertained. Continuous monitoring needed

Producer to submit the Biofil technology for

national approval

The producer to develop strategy and

collaboration to procure support to improve

upon the technology

April 2013

Actors

Inv

en

tio

n

Tip

pin

g

Po

int

Up

tak

e +

Op

era

tio

n

Specific Tasks

per actor and phase

Technology Introduction

Actors Actors

TAF is well received in the 3 project countries

Global WASH professionals: TAF, great value for

validation, evaluating, monitoring and TIP for intro

TAF ready for scaling up and –out in project and

other countries for sustainable WASH services

Agreed TAF hosts; Burkina Faso (DIEE), Ghana

(CWSA-EHSD), Uganda (ATC)

Regular training institutes to consider TAF tool and

TIP in their syllabi

http://www.washtechnologies.net