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Overview of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. With a number of examples including one from the Andes on Benefit Sharing Mechanisms.
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CPWF HighlightsLearning how to conduct integrated R4D
Alain Vidal, DirectorLarry Harrington, Research Director
Global food crisis: a poverty “countdown”3 billion poor below US$2.5/day2 billion suffer from malnutrition1 billion suffer from hunger 75% of them are rural poor Alleviating hunger means reducing
rural poverty
Reducing rural poverty Increase the income of the rural poor to
enable food security and investment into productivity Ensure they can cope with short-term and
long-term changes
The resilience challengeFood production communities and ecosystems should be able to cope with local and global changes (climate, economy, demography, migrations…), ie become more resilient Achieved through improved water
productivity (more food with less water) together with empowerment, equity, market access, health and ecosystemservices
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CPWF aims to increase the resilience of social and ecological systems through better water management for food production
Through its broad partnerships, it conducts research that leads to impact on the poor and to policy change
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CPWF Basins in phases 1 and 2
2
1
Lessons learnt from Phase 1
Restoring ecosystem services in the Andes
Downstream – where the concern for ecosystem services emerged
Eutrophication and shrinking of
Fuquene Lake (downstream)
High altitude wetland (paramo)
degraded by potato cropping and overgrazing
Restoring upstream and downstream ecosystem services
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Paramo restored through
conservation tillage and oat/potato
rotation
Water quality and downstream ecosystem services from Fuquene
Lake improved
Understanding resulting changes on upstream water
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T re a tme n t 1 T re a tme n t 2
1 2
H o rizo n
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
% v
olum
etri
c w
ater
Conservation agriculture
Traditional agriculture
% V
olum
etric
Wat
erMore water stored, restoring the buffer
role of paramo
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
1 2 3 4
Size fraction
AO
M (
g/g
)
RT-Horizon 1 CT-Horizon 1 RT-Horizon 2 CT-Horizon 2
Conservation agriculture
Traditional agriculture
Accu
mul
ated
Org
anic
M
atter
(g/g
)
Better soil porosity, filtration, increased
carbon storage
Understanding triggers for change between alternate resilient states
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S
Annual net income:US$ 2,183/ha
Annual net income:US$ 1,870/ha
Conservation agriculture and paramo restoration supported by revolving fund
Farmers‘ insufficient gain and risk aversion: only 11% converted
Revolving fund credit: +180 farmers /year
Potato cropping, grazing pressure, degradation of paramo
CPWF Phase 2(2009-2014)
What it takes to do problem-solving and integrated research for development in 6 river basins
Focusing the CPWF strategyFocus on priority “basin development challenges” or BDCs in specific parts of six basins
Use all scientific tools needed to address the challenge, emphasizing those with the greatest potential for development impact within the 15 year CPWF time frame
Investment in each BDC research program: USD 5-6m distributed across 4-5 strongly inter-linked projects
Further integration into CRP5
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Six basin development challenges (highly abbreviated versions)
Andes – Benefit-sharing mechanismsGanges – Floods and salt in the DeltaLimpopo – Small reservoirs, rainwater and livelihoodsMekong – Dams and livelihoodsNile – Rainwater management in EthiopiaVolta – Small reservoirs, rainwater and livelihoods
BDC research programsCoherent strategy focused on problem-solvingIntegration of policy, institutional, governance, access, and technical innovations Spatial targeting of innovations Cross-scale analysis of downstream consequences, including for ecosystem servicesEngagement with senior policymaker, other stakeholders, communications, gender, capacity-buildingFunctional links among projects (output from one project used as input by another project)
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An example of a BDC research program– the Ganges – the challenge
Water, water everywhere, all year round, but farm families barely subsist on a single low-yield rainy season rice crop per year . . . Because of water scarcity
Post-rainy season water outside of polders becomes too saline
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An example of a BDC research program– the Ganges – the vision
Store more fresh season water within polders
Use for high value post-rainy season crops and aquaculture
Change in sluice gate management to let water in when it is fresh, but keep it out when it is saline
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An example of a BDC research program– the Ganges - projects
Water governance: who gets how much water, when, and for what purposes – and who gets to decide (sluice gate management)
On-farm water management: getting the most value out of scarce stored fresh water
Spatial targeting, which strategies for which polders
External consequences and global drivers, downstream consequences of success, likely effects of global drivers
Coordination and change: policy engagement, communications, CB, impact pathways
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An example of a BDC research program– the Ganges – partners (incomplete list)
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Water governance IWMI, BIRD, Socio-Consult, BWRB
On-farm water management IRRI, WordFish, BRAC, BRRI, BFRI, CSSRI, CIRA
Spatial targeting, IRRI, Soil Resource Development Institute, Local Government Engineering Department
External consequences and global drivers,
IWM, BUET, BWRD, IWMI
Coordination and change: WorldFish, IRRI
Red font = national partner (NGO, GO, university)
