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Pacific Northwest PHP, September 2016 1
Docker for PHP DevelopersChris Tankersley@dragonmantankPacific Northwest PHP, September 2016
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What Is Docker?“Docker is an open platform for developers and sysadmins to build, ship, and run distributed applications. Consisting of Docker Engine, a portable, lightweight runtime and packaging tool, and Docker Hub, a cloud service for sharing applications and automating workflows, Docker enables apps to be quickly assembled from components and eliminates the friction between development, QA, and production environments.”
https://www.docker.com/whatisdocker/
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Containers
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Normal Bare-Metal Server
CPU RAM HD Network
Operating System
nginx PHP DB
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Virtual Machines
CPU RAM HD Network
Operating System
nginx PHP DB
Operating System
nginx PHP DB
Operating System
Hypervisor
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Containers
CPU RAM HD Network
Operating System
nginxnginx PHP DB PHP DB
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Containers Are Not New• LXC (Linux Containers)• OpenVZ• Systemd-nspawn• Qemu/kvm• BSD Jails• Solaris Zones• chroot
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Docker is an Ecosystem
Docker Engine
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Docker is an Ecosystem
Docker ComposeDocker Machine Docker Swarm
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How does it work?
Uses a variety of existingContainer technologies
Server ContainersHyper-V Containers xhyve Virtualization
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Sorry OSX < 10.10 and Windows < 10 Users
Docker Toolbox
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Let’s use Docker
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Running a container• `docker run` will run a container• This will not restart an existing container, just create a new one• docker run [options] IMAGE [command] [arguments]• [options ]modify the docker process for this container• IMAGE is the image to use• [command] is the command to run inside the container• [arguments] are arguments for the command
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Running a simple shell
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Running a simple shell
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Running a simple shell
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What’s Going On?
Ubuntu Kernel
/+ bin/+ etc/+ dev/+ home/+ usr/+ var/+ lib/+ …
nginx
bash
/+ bin/+ etc/+ dev/+ home/+ usr/+ var/+ lib/+ …
php
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Running Two Webservers
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Running Two Webservers
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Running Two Webservers
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Running Two Webservers
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Running Two Webservers
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Running Two Webservers
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Running Two Webservers
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Running Two Webservers
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Some Notes• All three containers are 100% self contained• Docker containers share common ancestors, but keep their own files• `docker run` parameters:• --rm – Destroy a container once it exits• -d – Run in the background (daemon mode)• -i – Run in interactive mode• --name – Give the container a name• -p [local port]:[container port] – Forward the local port to the container port
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Volumes
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Modifying a running container• `docker exec` can run a command inside of an existing container• Use Volumes to share data
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Persistent Data with Volumes• You can designate a volume with –v• Create a named volume with `volume create`• Volumes can be shared amongst containers• Volumes can mount data from the host system
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Mounting from the host machine
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Mounting from the host machine
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Mounting from the host machine
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Mounting from the host machine
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Mounting from the host machine
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Mounting from the host isn’t perfect• The container now has a window into your host machine• Permissions can get screwy if you are modifying in the container• Most things it creates will be root by default, and you probably aren’t root on
the host machine
• Host-mounted volumes are not portable at all• OSX and Hyper-V VMs have limited pathings to mount• OSX has poor I/O performance
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Named Data Volumes• Creates a space that becomes persistent• Can be mounted anywhere inside your images• Have our app containers use the data volume to store data• Use ‘editor containers’ to go in and modify data when needed
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Mounting Data Volumes
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Mounting Data Volumes
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Mounting Data Volumes
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Mounting Data Volumes
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Mounting Data Volumes
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Mounting Data Volumes
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Why go through the hassle?• Data volumes are portable, depending on the driver• Data volumes are safer• Separates the app containers from data• Production can use a data volume, dev can use a host volume
• Our app containers stay small• Works directly with other tools
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Network Linking
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Docker Links• Allows containers to ‘see’ each other over the network• Each container thinks the other one is just another machine• Containers all have an internal network address, so we don’t need to
expose everything through the host• Legacy Links work with `--link`• Can set up virtual networks
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More Traditional Setup
INTARWEBS Nginx PHP-FPM
Data Volume
Port 9000
Editor
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Mounting Data Volumes
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Mounting Data Volumes
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Mounting Data Volumes
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Mounting Data Volumes
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Mounting Data Volumes
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Mounting Data Volumes
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Let’s Build It
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Let’s Build It
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Let’s Build It
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Let’s Build It
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Let’s Build It
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More Notes!• We can now rebuild sections of the app as needed• We can restart nginx without impacting PHP• We can extend much easier
• Docker 1.12 has added a whole bunch of new stuff
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BREAK TIME! WOO!
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Other Helpful Commands
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Inspect a containerdocker inspect [options] CONTAINER_NAME
• Returns a JSON string with data about the container• Can also query• docker inspect -f “{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}” web_server
• Really handy for scripting out things like reverse proxies
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Work with images• docker pull IMAGE – Pulls down an image before using• docker images – Lists all the images that are downloaded• docker rmi IMAGE – Deletes an image if it’s not being used
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Our Goals• Not change our workflow (much)• Run PHP 7, Unit Tests, and webserver• Deploy “easily”
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Containerizing Commands
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Running Composerdocker run --rm \ -v c:/Users/drago/.composer:/root/.composer \ -v c:/Users/drago/Projects/workshop:/app \ -v c:/Users/drago/.ssh:/root/.ssh \ composer/composer \ require phpunit/phpunit
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Functions!function docker-composer() { appname=$(basename `pwd -P`) appname="${appname/-/}" imagename='composer/composer' output=$(docker images | grep "${appname}_composer") if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then imagename="${appname}_composer" fi docker run --rm -v ~/.composer:/root/.composer -v $(pwd):/app -v ~/.ssh:/root/.ssh $imagename $*}
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Add our code to the autloader{ "require": { "phpunit/phpunit": "^5.5" }, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "DemoApp\\": "src/" } }}
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Run our appdocker run -d --name phptest \ -v c:/Users/drago/Projects/workshop/:/app \ -w /app/html \ -p 8080:80 \ php:cli \ php -S 0.0.0.0:80
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Unit Test our Codedocker run --rm -ti \ -v c:/Users/drago/Projects/workshop/:/app -w /app php:cli vendor/bin/phpunit -c phpunit.dist.xml
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Docker Compose
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What is Docker Compose?• Multi-container orchestration• A single config file holds all of your container info• Works with Docker Swarm and a few other tools, like Rancher
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Sample docker-compose.ymlversion: ‘2’
volumes: mysqldata: driver: local
phpserver: build: ./docker/php volumes: - ./:/var/www/
mysqlserver: image: mysql environment: MYSQL_DATABASE: dockerfordevs MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: docker volumes: - mysqldata:/var/lib/mysql
nginx: build: ./docker/nginx ports: - "80:80" - "443:443"
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Creating your own Images
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Dockerfile• Dockerfile is the configuration steps for an image• Can be created from scratch, or based on another image• Allows you to add files, create default volumes, ports, etc• Can be used privately or pushed to Docker Hub
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FROM php:7RUN apt-get update \ && apt-get install –y \ libmcrypt-dev \ libpng12-dev \ libfreetype6-dev \ libjpeg62-turbo-dev \ && docker-php-ext-install iconv mcrypt pdo pdo_mysql
COPY build/app /var/www# …EXPOSE 80 443VOLUME /var/wwwVOLUME /var/log
RUN apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*
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Build itdocker build -t tag_name ./
• This runs through the Dockerfile and generates the image• We can now use the tag name to run the image
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Add in some Compose
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Start the app with Compose
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Docker Machine
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What is Docker Machine?• A provisioning tool that is used to set up a box with Docker• Used in Docker Toolbox to create the VM• Supports:• EC2• Azure• Digital Ocean• Hyper-V• OpenStack• Virtualbox• VMWare
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Why use it?• Makes it very easy to spin up new boxes• Docker Machine handles all of the dirty stuff for you• Docker Toolbox users are already using it• Integrates with Docker Swarm
• It is not necessarily portable
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Let’s make a machine!
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Let’s Connect!
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Thank You!• https://github.com/dragonmantank• Author of “Docker for Developers”• https://leanpub.com/dockerfordevs
• http://ctankersley.com• [email protected]• @dragonmantank