.NET.NET

OverviewOverview

Overview of the Microsoft .NET Overview of the Microsoft .NET FrameworkFramework

Overview of ASP.NetOverview of ASP.Net Overview of WebServicesOverview of WebServices Overview of ADO. NetOverview of ADO. Net

Overview of Overview of FrameworkFramework

Overview of the Microsoft .NET Overview of the Microsoft .NET FrameworkFramework

The .NET FrameworkThe .NET Framework Common Language RuntimeCommon Language Runtime The .NET Framework Class LibraryThe .NET Framework Class Library ADO.NET: Data and XMLADO.NET: Data and XML What is an XML Web Service?What is an XML Web Service? Web Forms and ServicesWeb Forms and Services Garbage CollectionGarbage Collection

The .NET FrameworkThe .NET Framework

Win32Win32

MessageMessageQueuingQueuing

COM+COM+(Transactions, Partitions, (Transactions, Partitions,

Object Pooling)Object Pooling)IISIIS WMIWMI

Common Language RuntimeCommon Language Runtime

.NET Framework Class Library.NET Framework Class Library

ADO.NET: Data and XMLADO.NET: Data and XML

Web ServicesWeb Services User InterfaceUser Interface

VB C++ C#

ASP.NETASP.NET

Perl Python …

Common Language RuntimeCommon Language Runtime

.NET Framework Class Library Support.NET Framework Class Library Support

Thread SupportThread Support COM MarshalerCOM Marshaler

Type CheckerType Checker Exception ManagerException Manager

MSIL to NativeMSIL to NativeCompilersCompilers

CodeCodeManagerManager

GarbageGarbageCollectionCollection

Security EngineSecurity Engine DebuggerDebugger

Class LoaderClass Loader

The .NET Framework Class LibraryThe .NET Framework Class Library

Spans All Programming LanguagesSpans All Programming Languages Enables cross-language inheritance and Enables cross-language inheritance and

debuggingdebugging Integrates well with toolsIntegrates well with tools

Is Object-Oriented and ConsistentIs Object-Oriented and Consistent Enhances developer productivity by Enhances developer productivity by

reducing the number of APIs to learnreducing the number of APIs to learn Has a Built-In Common Type SystemHas a Built-In Common Type System Is ExtensibleIs Extensible

Makes it easy to add or modify Makes it easy to add or modify framework featuresframework features

Is SecureIs Secure Allows creation of secure applicationsAllows creation of secure applications

Benefits of Using the .NET FrameworkBenefits of Using the .NET Framework

Based on Web standards and Based on Web standards and practicespractices

Functionality of .NET classes is Functionality of .NET classes is universally availableuniversally available

Code is organized into hierarchical Code is organized into hierarchical namespaces and classesnamespaces and classes

Language independentLanguage independent

Windows Windows APIAPI

ASPASP

.NET .NET FrameworkFramework

1980’s 1990’s 2000’s

Visual BasicVisual Basic

MFC/ATLMFC/ATL

ADO.NET: Data and XMLADO.NET: Data and XML

ADO.NET: Data and XMLADO.NET: Data and XML

OleDbOleDb SqlClientSqlClient

CommonCommon SQLTypesSQLTypes

System.Data

XSLXSLSerializationSerialization

XPathXPath

System.Xml

ASP.NETASP.NET

Web Forms and ServicesWeb Forms and Services

System.WebSystem.Web

ConfigurationConfiguration SessionStateSessionState

CachingCaching SecuritySecurity

ServicesServices

DescriptionDescription

DiscoveryDiscovery

ProtocolsProtocols

UIUI

HtmlControlsHtmlControls

WebControlsWebControls

The Process of Managed ExecutionThe Process of Managed Execution

Class LoaderClass LoaderClass LoaderClass Loader

JIT CompilerJIT Compilerwith optionalwith optionalverificationverification

JIT CompilerJIT Compilerwith optionalwith optionalverificationverification

ExecutionExecution

Security ChecksSecurity Checks

EXE/DLL(MSIL and

metadata)

EXE/DLL(MSIL and

metadata)

ClassLibraries

(MSIL and

metadata)

ClassLibraries

(MSIL and

metadata)

Trusted,pre-JITedcode only

Call to anuncompiled

method

Runtime Engine

ManagedNative Code

CompilerCompiler SourceCode

SourceCode

Just-In-Time CompilationJust-In-Time Compilation

Process for Code ExecutionProcess for Code Execution MSIL converted to native code as neededMSIL converted to native code as needed Resulting native code stored for subsequent Resulting native code stored for subsequent

callscalls JIT compiler supplies the CPU-specific JIT compiler supplies the CPU-specific

conversion conversion

AssembliesAssemblies

AssemblyAssembly

ManifestManifest

Multiple Managed Modules andResource FilesAre Compiled to Produce an Assembly

Managed Module(MSIL and Metadata)Managed Module

(MSIL and Metadata)

Managed Module(MSIL and Metadata)Managed Module

(MSIL and Metadata)

.html

.gif

Resource Files

Creating a Simple .NET Framework Creating a Simple .NET Framework ComponentComponent

Using Namespaces and Declaring the Using Namespaces and Declaring the ClassClass

Creating the Class ImplementationCreating the Class Implementation Implementing Structured Exception Implementing Structured Exception

HandlingHandling Creating a PropertyCreating a Property Compiling the ComponentCompiling the Component

Using Namespaces and Declaring Using Namespaces and Declaring the Classthe Class

Create a New NamespaceCreate a New Namespace

Declare the ClassDeclare the Class

using System;

namespace CompCS {...}

using System;

namespace CompCS {...}

public class StringComponent {...}public class StringComponent {...}

Creating the Class ImplementationCreating the Class Implementation

Declare a Private Field of Type Declare a Private Field of Type Array of String ElementsArray of String Elements

Create a Public Default ConstructorCreate a Public Default Constructor

Assign the stringSet Field to an Assign the stringSet Field to an Array of StringsArray of Strings stringSet = new string[] {

"C# String 0","C# String 1",

... };

stringSet = new string[] {"C# String 0","C# String 1",

... };

private string[] stringSet;private string[] stringSet;

public StringComponent() {...}public StringComponent() {...}

Implementing Structured Implementing Structured Exception HandlingException Handling

Implement the GetString MethodImplement the GetString Method

Create and Throw a New Object of Type Create and Throw a New Object of Type IndexOutOfRangeExceptionIndexOutOfRangeException

Exceptions Caught by the Caller Using a Exceptions Caught by the Caller Using a try/catch/finally Statementtry/catch/finally Statement

Structured Exception Handling Replaces Structured Exception Handling Replaces HRESULT-Based Error Handling in COMHRESULT-Based Error Handling in COM

public string GetString(int index) {...}public string GetString(int index) {...}

if((index < 0) || (index >= stringSet.Length)) {throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();

}return stringSet[index];

if((index < 0) || (index >= stringSet.Length)) {throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();

}return stringSet[index];

Creating a PropertyCreating a Property

Create a Read-Only Count Property to Get Create a Read-Only Count Property to Get the Number of String Elements in the the Number of String Elements in the stringSet ArraystringSet Array

public int Count { get { return stringSet.Length; }}

public int Count { get { return stringSet.Length; }}

Compiling the ComponentCompiling the Component

Use the /target:library Switch to Create a Use the /target:library Switch to Create a DLLDLL Otherwise, an executable with a .dll file Otherwise, an executable with a .dll file

extension is created instead of a DLL libraryextension is created instead of a DLL library

csc /out:CompCS.dll /target:library CompCS.cscsc /out:CompCS.dll /target:library CompCS.cs

Creating a Simple Console ClientCreating a Simple Console Client

Using the LibrariesUsing the Libraries Instantiating the ComponentInstantiating the Component Calling the ComponentCalling the Component Building the ClientBuilding the Client

Using the LibrariesUsing the Libraries

Reference Types Without Having to Reference Types Without Having to Fully Qualify the Type NameFully Qualify the Type Name

If Multiple Namespaces Contain the If Multiple Namespaces Contain the Same Type Name, Create a Same Type Name, Create a Namespace Alias to Remove Namespace Alias to Remove AmbiguityAmbiguity

using CompCS;

using CompVB;

using CompCS;

using CompVB;

using CSStringComp = CompCS.StringComponent;

using VBStringComp = CompVB.StringComponent;

using CSStringComp = CompCS.StringComponent;

using VBStringComp = CompVB.StringComponent;

Instantiating the ComponentInstantiating the Component

Declare a Local Variable of Type Declare a Local Variable of Type StringComponentStringComponent

Create a New Instance of the Create a New Instance of the StringComponent ClassStringComponent Class//…using CSStringComp = CompCS.StringComponent;//…CSStringComp myCSStringComp = new CSStringComp();

//…using CSStringComp = CompCS.StringComponent;//…CSStringComp myCSStringComp = new CSStringComp();

Calling the ComponentCalling the Component

Iterate over All the Members of Iterate over All the Members of StringComponent and Output the Strings StringComponent and Output the Strings to the Consoleto the Console

for (int index = 0; index < myCSStringComp.Count; index++) {

Console.WriteLine (myCSStringComp.GetString(index));

}

for (int index = 0; index < myCSStringComp.Count; index++) {

Console.WriteLine (myCSStringComp.GetString(index));

}

Building the ClientBuilding the Client

Use the /reference Switch to Reference Use the /reference Switch to Reference the Assemblies That Contain the the Assemblies That Contain the StringComponent ClassStringComponent Class

csc /reference:CompCS.dll,CompVB.dll /out:ClientCS.exe ClientCS.cs

csc /reference:CompCS.dll,CompVB.dll /out:ClientCS.exe ClientCS.cs

Memory Management BasicsMemory Management Basics

Developer BackgroundsDeveloper Backgrounds Manual vs. Automatic Memory Manual vs. Automatic Memory

ManagementManagement Memory Management of .NET Framework Memory Management of .NET Framework

TypesTypes Simple Garbage CollectionSimple Garbage Collection

Manual vs. Automatic Memory Manual vs. Automatic Memory ManagementManagement

Manual Memory ManagementManual Memory Management Programmer manages memoryProgrammer manages memory

Common ProblemsCommon Problems Failure to release memoryFailure to release memory Invalid references to freed memoryInvalid references to freed memory

.NET Runtime Provides Automatic .NET Runtime Provides Automatic Memory ManagementMemory Management Eases programming taskEases programming task Eliminates a potential source of bugsEliminates a potential source of bugs

Memory Management of .NET Memory Management of .NET Framework TypesFramework Types

Instances of Value Types Use Stack Instances of Value Types Use Stack MemoryMemory Allocation and deallocation are automatic and Allocation and deallocation are automatic and

safesafe Managed Objects Are Reference Types Managed Objects Are Reference Types

and Use Heap Memoryand Use Heap Memory Created by calls to the new operatorCreated by calls to the new operator Freed by garbage collectionFreed by garbage collection

Simple Garbage CollectionSimple Garbage Collection

Simple Garbage Collection AlgorithmSimple Garbage Collection Algorithm Wait until managed code threads are in a safe Wait until managed code threads are in a safe

statestate Build a graph of all reachable objectsBuild a graph of all reachable objects Move reachable objects to compact heapMove reachable objects to compact heap

- Unreachable objects’ memory is reclaimed- Unreachable objects’ memory is reclaimed Update references to all moved objectsUpdate references to all moved objects

Reference Cycles Are Handled Reference Cycles Are Handled AutomaticallyAutomatically

Multimedia: Simple Garbage Multimedia: Simple Garbage CollectionCollection

Non-Memory Resource Non-Memory Resource ManagementManagement

Implicit Resource ManagementImplicit Resource Management Explicit Resource ManagementExplicit Resource Management

• Implicit Resource ManagementImplicit Resource Management

FinalizationFinalization Garbage Collection with Finalization Garbage Collection with Finalization Finalization GuidelinesFinalization Guidelines Controlling Garbage CollectionControlling Garbage Collection

FinalizationFinalization

Finalize Code Called by Garbage Finalize Code Called by Garbage CollectionCollection

In C#, the Finalize Code Is Provided by a In C#, the Finalize Code Is Provided by a Destructor Destructor

Use C# Destructor to Implicitly Close a Use C# Destructor to Implicitly Close a FileStreamFileStream

class Foo { private System.IO.FileStream fs; //... public Foo() { fs = new System.IO.FileStream( "bar", FileMode.CreateNew); } ~Foo() { fs.Close(); }}

class Foo { private System.IO.FileStream fs; //... public Foo() { fs = new System.IO.FileStream( "bar", FileMode.CreateNew); } ~Foo() { fs.Close(); }}

Garbage Collection with Garbage Collection with FinalizationFinalization

Runtime Maintains a List of Objects That Runtime Maintains a List of Objects That Require FinalizationRequire Finalization Finalization queueFinalization queue

Garbage Collection Process InvokedGarbage Collection Process Invoked Unreachable Objects Requiring FinalizationUnreachable Objects Requiring Finalization

References added to freachable queueReferences added to freachable queue Objects are now reachable and not garbageObjects are now reachable and not garbage

Move Reachable Objects to Compact the Move Reachable Objects to Compact the HeapHeap Unreachable objects' memory is reclaimedUnreachable objects' memory is reclaimed

Update References to All Moved ObjectsUpdate References to All Moved Objects

Garbage Collection with Garbage Collection with Finalization (Finalization (continuedcontinued))

Finalize Thread RunsFinalize Thread Runs Executes freachable objects' Executes freachable objects' FinalizeFinalize methods methods References removed from freachable queueReferences removed from freachable queue Unless resurrected, objects are now garbageUnless resurrected, objects are now garbage May be reclaimed next time garbage collection May be reclaimed next time garbage collection

occursoccurs

Multimedia: Garbage CollectionMultimedia: Garbage Collection

Controlling Garbage CollectionControlling Garbage Collection

To Force Garbage CollectionTo Force Garbage Collection

To Suspend Calling Thread Until Thread’s Queue of To Suspend Calling Thread Until Thread’s Queue of Finalizers is Empty Finalizers is Empty

To Allow a Finalized Resurrected Object to Have Its To Allow a Finalized Resurrected Object to Have Its Finalizer Called AgainFinalizer Called Again

To Request the System Not to Call the Finalizer To Request the System Not to Call the Finalizer MethodMethod

void System.GC.Collect(); void System.GC.Collect();

void System.GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); void System.GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();

void System.GC.ReRegisterForFinalize(object obj); void System.GC.ReRegisterForFinalize(object obj);

void System.GC.SuppressFinalize(object obj);void System.GC.SuppressFinalize(object obj);

The IDisposable Interface and the The IDisposable Interface and the Dispose MethodDispose Method

Inherit from the IDisposable InterfaceInherit from the IDisposable Interface Implement the Dispose MethodImplement the Dispose Method Follow the .NET Framework SDK’s Design Follow the .NET Framework SDK’s Design

PatternPattern

class ResourceWrapper : IDisposable{

// see code example for details}

class ResourceWrapper : IDisposable{

// see code example for details}

Overview of Overview of ASP.NETASP.NET

Overview of ASP.NETOverview of ASP.NET

What is ASP.NET?What is ASP.NET? ASP.NET Web ApplicationASP.NET Web Application Multimedia: ASP.NET Execution ModelMultimedia: ASP.NET Execution Model

What is ASP.NET?What is ASP.NET?

Evolutionary, more flexible successor to Evolutionary, more flexible successor to Active Server PagesActive Server Pages

Dynamic Web pages that can access Dynamic Web pages that can access server resourcesserver resources

Server-side processing of Web FormsServer-side processing of Web Forms XML Web services let you create XML Web services let you create

distributed Web applicationsdistributed Web applications Browser-independentBrowser-independent Language-independentLanguage-independent

ASP.NET Web ApplicationASP.NET Web Application

XML Data Database

InternetInternet

Page1.aspx

Page2.aspx

WebServices

WebServices ComponentsComponents

Web Forms

Code-behind pages

global.asax

Web.config

machine.config

ASP.NET Web Server

Out

put C

ache

Clients

Multimedia: ASP.NET Execution Multimedia: ASP.NET Execution ModelModel

Creating Web FormsCreating Web Forms

What is a Web Form? What is a Web Form? Creating a Web Form with Visual Creating a Web Form with Visual

Studio .NETStudio .NET

What Is a Web Form?What Is a Web Form?

<%@ Page Language="vb" Codebehind="WebForm1.aspx.vb" <%@ Page Language="vb" Codebehind="WebForm1.aspx.vb" SmartNavigation="true"%>SmartNavigation="true"%>

<html><html><body ms_positioning="GridLayout"><body ms_positioning="GridLayout"> <form id="Form1" method="post" runat="server"><form id="Form1" method="post" runat="server"> </form></form></body></body>

</html></html>

<%@ Page Language="vb" Codebehind="WebForm1.aspx.vb" <%@ Page Language="vb" Codebehind="WebForm1.aspx.vb" SmartNavigation="true"%>SmartNavigation="true"%>

<html><html><body ms_positioning="GridLayout"><body ms_positioning="GridLayout"> <form id="Form1" method="post" runat="server"><form id="Form1" method="post" runat="server"> </form></form></body></body>

</html></html>

.aspx extension.aspx extension Page attributesPage attributes

@ Page@ Page directive directive Body attributesBody attributes Form attributesForm attributes

Using Server ControlsUsing Server Controls

What is a Server Control?What is a Server Control? Types of Server ControlsTypes of Server Controls HTML Server Controls HTML Server Controls Web Server Controls Web Server Controls Selecting the Appropriate ControlSelecting the Appropriate Control

What is a Server Control?What is a Server Control?

Runat="server"Runat="server" Events happen on the serverEvents happen on the server View state savedView state saved

Have built-in functionalityHave built-in functionality Common object modelCommon object model

All have All have IdId and and TextText attributes attributes Create browser-specific HTMLCreate browser-specific HTML

<asp:Button id="Button1" runat="server" <asp:Button id="Button1" runat="server" Text="Submit"/>Text="Submit"/><asp:Button id="Button1" runat="server" <asp:Button id="Button1" runat="server" Text="Submit"/>Text="Submit"/>

Types of Server ControlsTypes of Server Controls

HTML server controlsHTML server controls Web server controlsWeb server controls

Intrinsic controlsIntrinsic controls Validation controlsValidation controls Rich controlsRich controls List-bound controlsList-bound controls Internet Explorer Web controlsInternet Explorer Web controls

HTML Server ControlsHTML Server Controls

Based on HTML Based on HTML elementselements

Exist within the Exist within the System.Web.UI.HtmlCSystem.Web.UI.HtmlControls namespaceontrols namespace

<input type="text" id="txtName" runat="server" />

<input type="text" id="txtName" runat="server" />

Web Server ControlsWeb Server Controls

Exist within theExist within the System.Web.UI.WebContSystem.Web.UI.WebControls namespacerols namespace

Control syntaxControl syntax

HTML that is generated by HTML that is generated by the controlthe control

<asp:TextBox id="TextBox1"runat="server">Text_to_Display</asp:TextBox>

<asp:TextBox id="TextBox1"runat="server">Text_to_Display</asp:TextBox>

<input name="TextBox1" type="text" value="Text_to_Display"Id="TextBox1"/>

<input name="TextBox1" type="text" value="Text_to_Display"Id="TextBox1"/>

You need specific functionality such as a calendar or ad rotator

The control will interact with client and server script

You are writing a page that might be used by a variety of browsers

You are working with existing HTML pages and want to quickly add ASP.NET Web page functionality

You prefer a Visual Basic-like programming model

You prefer an HTML-like object model

Use Web Server Use Web Server Controls if:Controls if:

Use HTML Server Use HTML Server Controls if:Controls if:

Bandwidth is not a problemBandwidth is limited

Selecting the Appropriate ControlSelecting the Appropriate Control

Overview of Overview of ADO .NETADO .NET

Overview of ADO.NETOverview of ADO.NET

Connected ApplicationsConnected Applications Disconnected ApplicationsDisconnected Applications

Evolution of ADO to ADO.NETEvolution of ADO to ADO.NET

ConnectionConnection

AD

OA

DO

.NET

CommandCommand

RecordsetRecordset

XxxConnectionXxxConnection

XxxCommandXxxCommand

DataSetDataSet

XxxTransactionXxxTransaction

XxxDataReaderXxxDataReader

XxxDataAdapterXxxDataAdapter

Object Model for Connected Object Model for Connected ApplicationsApplications

Data Source

XxxConnection

XxxParameter

XxxDataReaderXxxCommand

XxxParameterXxxParameter

XmlReader

Classes in a Connected Application

Disconnected ArchitectureDisconnected Architecture

Employees OrdersCustomersProductsCategories

Categories Products

SqlDataAdapter OleDbDataAdapter

SQL Server 2000

Customers Orders

SQL Server 6.5

DataSet

XML Web service

XML Web service

XmlDataDocumentXML File

XML File

What Is a DataAdapter?What Is a DataAdapter?

Data sourceDataAdapterDataTable

DataTable

DataSet

DataAdapter

FillFill

UpdateUpdateFillFill

UpdateUpdate

The XxxDataAdapter Object ModelThe XxxDataAdapter Object Model

sp_SELECT

XxxCommandXxxCommand

SelectCommand UpdateCommand InsertCommand DeleteCommand

XxxDataAdapter

XxxCommandXxxCommand XxxCommandXxxCommand XxxCommandXxxCommand

XxxConnectionXxxConnection

sp_UPDATE sp_INSERT sp_DELETE

XxxDataReaderXxxDataReader

Overview of Overview of Web ServicesWeb Services

OverviewOverview

Service-Oriented ArchitectureService-Oriented Architecture Web Service Architectures and Service-Web Service Architectures and Service-

Oriented ArchitectureOriented Architecture Roles in a Web Service ArchitectureRoles in a Web Service Architecture The Web Service Programming ModelThe Web Service Programming Model

What Is an XML Web Service?What Is an XML Web Service?

SOAPSOAPSOAPSOAP XML Web services consumers can send and

receive messages using XML

WSDLWSDLWeb Services Web Services

Description LanguageDescription Language

WSDLWSDLWeb Services Web Services

Description LanguageDescription Language

XML Web services are defined in terms of the formats and ordering of messages

Built using open Internet protocols XML & HTTPXML & HTTP

UDDIUDDIUniversal Description, Universal Description,

Discovery, and IntegrationDiscovery, and Integration

UDDIUDDIUniversal Description, Universal Description,

Discovery, and IntegrationDiscovery, and Integration

Provide a Directory of Services on the Internet

A programmable application component A programmable application component accessible via standard Web protocolsaccessible via standard Web protocols

OpenOpen Internet Internet Protocols Protocols

XML Web XML Web serviceservice

Service-Oriented ArchitectureService-Oriented Architecture

ServiceBroker

ServiceConsumer

ServiceProvider

Bind

Publi

sh

Find

Web Service Architectures and Web Service Architectures and Service-Oriented ArchitectureService-Oriented Architecture

Overview of Web Service ArchitecturesOverview of Web Service Architectures Web Services as a Service-Oriented Web Services as a Service-Oriented

Architecture Implementation Architecture Implementation Demonstration: An Electronic Funds Demonstration: An Electronic Funds

Transfer Web Service SolutionTransfer Web Service Solution

ServiceBroker

Publ

ish Find

ServiceConsumer

ServiceProvider

Web Service Provider Web Service Consumer

UDDI(Web Service Broker)

Bind

Internet

Overview of Web Service Overview of Web Service ArchitecturesArchitectures

Web Services as a Service-Oriented Web Services as a Service-Oriented Architecture ImplementationArchitecture Implementation

UDDI

AnyClient

SOAP

SOAP

.NET Web Service

SOAP

IIS

Roles in a Web Service Roles in a Web Service ArchitectureArchitecture

The Web Service ProviderThe Web Service Provider The Web Service ConsumerThe Web Service Consumer The Web Service BrokerThe Web Service Broker

The Web Service ProviderThe Web Service Provider

Web ServersWeb Servers The .NET Common Language RuntimeThe .NET Common Language Runtime

The Web Service ConsumerThe Web Service Consumer

Minimum FunctionalityMinimum Functionality Service LocationService Location ProxiesProxies Synchronous vs. Asynchronous CallsSynchronous vs. Asynchronous Calls

The Web Service BrokerThe Web Service Broker

Interactions Between Broker and ProviderInteractions Between Broker and Provider Interactions Between Broker and Interactions Between Broker and

ConsumerConsumer UDDI Registries UDDI Registries

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