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Population
Net Migration Rate
Immigration rate (people arriving in Canada)Emigration rate (people leaving Canada)
NET MIGRATION RATE
Population Growth Rate
Birth Rate Death Rate Net Migration Rate
POPULATION GROWTH RATE
Doubling Time
Doubling time= time it takes for a population to double
70 % rate of population growth
= number of years for population to double
Demographic Transition Model
• Outlines natural stages of growth and development
• Demographer tool to analyze and understand population numbers and change
Demographic Transition Graph
Demographic Transition Model
• Stage 1- high birth, high death=small growth– High infant mortality– Low life expectancy– Common a few hundred years ago, and in
developing countries today
Demographic Transition Model
• Stage 2- High birth, low death= population explosion– Medical & scientific advances• Vaccines, drinking water, sewage systems• 1800s
Demographic Transition Model
• Stage 3- low death, declining birth– Social programs, industrialization, urbanization=
smaller families
Demographic Transition Model
• Stage 4- low birth, low death=slow population growth– Changing role of women– Family planning programs– Some African countries, birth rates still high– Sub-Saharan Africa- HIV= high death
Lower birth rates
Demographic Transition Model
• Stage 5- birth rate lower than death rate• Future, however some European nations and Japan
starting to enter this stage
Population Pyramids
• Analyze individual region population growth development trends
• Data organized in cohort groups• Another demographer tool• Created by graphing a series of horizontal bar
graph lives at intervals of 5 years• Shape- demographer classifies pyramid into
four major categores
P. Pyramids- Early Expanding
1) EARLY EXPANDING- Wide base= high birth rate- Narrow top= short life expectancy
*few countries today fall in this category
P. Pyramids- Expanding
2) EXPANDING- Wide base= high birth rates- Middle expands= improved medical care,
modern hygiene, improved diet
P. Pyramids- Stable
3) STABLE- Birth rate falls= changing attitude towards
family (Education programs, changing societal attitudes, economic factors)
- Death rate lowered= improved medical care
P. Pyramids- Contracting
4) Contracting- Very low birth rate= women in work force,
child-rearing is expensive, contraception, state encourages small families
- Death rate continues to decrease- Life expectancy increases
P. Pyramids- Early ExpandingNigeria, 2005
Early ExpandingScotland, 1861
P. Pyramids- Early Expanding
P. Pyramids- Expanding
P. Pyramids- Expanding
P. Pyramids- Stable
P. Pyramids- Stable
P. Pyramids- Contracting
BC- 1996
Developing/Developed Regions
Developing regions: historically uneven economic and population growth levels
Early expanding and expanding p.pyramidsDeveloped regions: relatively wealthy and stable
in economic growth Stable & contracting p.pyramids
Dependency
Dependency: measure of the population of people who are too old or too young to work - require governmental support
Dependency ratio:% of young dependents + % of old dependents
divided by the percentage of people aged 15-64
Canada’s Stats
2011- EstimationsPopulation Growth Rate: approximately .8%
Age structure: 0-14 years: 15.7% (male 2,736,737/female 2,602,342) 15-64 years: 68.5% (male 11,776,611/female 11,517,972) 65 years and over: 15.9% (male 2,372,356/female 3,024,571) (2011 est.)
Canadian Stats
Estimated that by 2041- 23% population 65+- Affects government spending (healthcare) &
immigration ratesConclusions: Entering DTM Stage Four,
Stabalizing
P. Pyramids- Stable
So what
Some countries are overpopulated, while others are depopulating. How does this happen?