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Hominid Notes
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Early Human Notes
Australopithecus
Lived from 3.9 to 3 million years ago Located in Tanzania (East coast of Africa) Brain cavity was 75% smaller than ours Average height was around 4 feet tall
Australopithecus (con.)
Intelligence level is comparable to modern apes
Bipedalism (walks on two legs) set it apart from other primates which were quadrupeds (walks on four legs)
Diet consisted of both plants and animals (omnivore)
Scientific Classification Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:ChordataClass:MammaliaOrder:PrimatesFamily:HominidaeGenus:AustralopithecusSpecies: (Various)A. afarensis ("Lucy")A. africanusA. anamensisA. bahrelghazaliA. garhi
Homo Habilis
“Handy Man” Lived 2.4 to 1.6 million years ago Remains found in Tanzania and other east
Africa sites Brain cavity approximately half the size of
modern human Average height was around 4’3” Used fire but did not control it
Homo Habilis Remains are often found with primitive stone
tools Began to expand out from eastern Africa to
the Sahara region of Africa Both Homo Habilis and Australopithecus
were a favorite meal for Dinofelis
Homo Hablilis
Scientific classificationKingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:ChordataClass:MammaliaOrder:PrimatesFamily:HominidaeGenus:HomoSpecies:H. habilis
Homo Erectus
“Upright Man” Existed from 2 million to 1 million years ago Brain was about 25% smaller than modern
humans Average height was 5’10” (fairly tall) Found throughout Africa, Europe and Asia
Homo Erectus
Was able to make primitive tools and was a true hunter-gatherer
Some evidence that Homo Erectus had control of fire Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:ChordataClass:MammaliaOrder:PrimatesFamily:HominidaeGenus:HomoSpecies:H. erectus
Homo Neanderthalensis
Named after Neander Valley where first remains were found
Existed from 500,000 to approximately 25,000 years ago
Similar height to modern humans but were stockier and stronger
Brain was slightly larger than modern humans
Average height of 5’5”
Homo Neanderthalensis
Used weapons, built complex structures and controlled fire
Buried their dead with simple ceremonies
“Out of Africa” theory
Scientific Classification
Kingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:ChordataClass:MammaliaOrder:PrimatesFamily:HominidaeGenus:HomoSpecies:H. neanderthalensis
Homo Sapiens Sapiens
“Modern Man” 120,000 years ago until present Were physically smaller than Neanderthals,
but with a larger frontal cranial cavity (associated with decision making)
Homo Sapiens Sapiens
Earliest modern Homo Sapiens are sometimes referred to as Cro-Magnon (named after the cave where remains were found)
Anatomically modern, ate a balanced diet of plants and animals
Adept at weaving, painting and hunting Coexisted with Neanderthals until they went
extinct
Scientific Classification
Kingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:ChordataClass:MammaliaOrder:PrimatesFamily:HominidaeGenus:HomoSpecies:H. sapiensSubspecies:H. s. sapiens