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The Solar System
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TheThe Sun Sun
TheThe Sun Sun Has a surface which is about 5500 Has a surface which is about 5500
ooC (much cooler than the interior)C (much cooler than the interior) Has no solid materialsHas no solid materials Is made entirely of gasIs made entirely of gas
Has a surface which is about 5500 Has a surface which is about 5500 ooC (much cooler than the interior)C (much cooler than the interior)
Has no solid materialsHas no solid materials Is made entirely of gasIs made entirely of gas
Our StarOur Star
Major Major
PlanePlanetsts
Major Major
PlanePlanetsts
MercuryMercuryMercuryMercury Has sodium as the most abundant Has sodium as the most abundant
elementelement Is only 40% as large as EarthIs only 40% as large as Earth Has a surface which is EXTREMELY Has a surface which is EXTREMELY
hot (up to 425 hot (up to 425 ooC)C) Marioner 10- took the 1Marioner 10- took the 1stst pictures of pictures of
Mercury in 1974Mercury in 1974
Has sodium as the most abundant Has sodium as the most abundant elementelement
Is only 40% as large as EarthIs only 40% as large as Earth Has a surface which is EXTREMELY Has a surface which is EXTREMELY
hot (up to 425 hot (up to 425 ooC)C) Marioner 10- took the 1Marioner 10- took the 1stst pictures of pictures of
Mercury in 1974Mercury in 1974
The Planet of CratersThe Planet of Craters
VenusVenusVenusVenus Rotates from east to westRotates from east to west Is about 500 Is about 500 ooC day & nightC day & night Contains continents while each continent is Contains continents while each continent is
about the size of Australiaabout the size of Australia Has an acidic atmosphere Has an acidic atmosphere Has Gravity-100 times stronger than EarthHas Gravity-100 times stronger than Earth Pioneer Venus- 1Pioneer Venus- 1stst to make a map of Venus to make a map of Venus
through radio waves to penetrate the cloudsthrough radio waves to penetrate the clouds
Rotates from east to westRotates from east to west Is about 500 Is about 500 ooC day & nightC day & night Contains continents while each continent is Contains continents while each continent is
about the size of Australiaabout the size of Australia Has an acidic atmosphere Has an acidic atmosphere Has Gravity-100 times stronger than EarthHas Gravity-100 times stronger than Earth Pioneer Venus- 1Pioneer Venus- 1stst to make a map of Venus to make a map of Venus
through radio waves to penetrate the cloudsthrough radio waves to penetrate the clouds
The Planet of CloudsThe Planet of Clouds
EarthEarthEarthEarth Rocks and minerals –Solid materials Rocks and minerals –Solid materials
that make up Earththat make up Earth Pangea- “all the lands” (one Pangea- “all the lands” (one
continent)continent) Atmosphere- a mixture of gases Atmosphere- a mixture of gases Oxygen an d Silicon- Two most Oxygen an d Silicon- Two most
common elements in Earth’s crustcommon elements in Earth’s crust
Rocks and minerals –Solid materials Rocks and minerals –Solid materials that make up Earththat make up Earth
Pangea- “all the lands” (one Pangea- “all the lands” (one continent)continent)
Atmosphere- a mixture of gases Atmosphere- a mixture of gases Oxygen an d Silicon- Two most Oxygen an d Silicon- Two most
common elements in Earth’s crustcommon elements in Earth’s crust
MarsMarsMarsMars Fourth planet from the sunFourth planet from the sun Has a large volcanoHas a large volcano Iron compounds –make Mars reddish Iron compounds –make Mars reddish
in colorin color Average temperature –lower than Average temperature –lower than
EarthEarth
Fourth planet from the sunFourth planet from the sun Has a large volcanoHas a large volcano Iron compounds –make Mars reddish Iron compounds –make Mars reddish
in colorin color Average temperature –lower than Average temperature –lower than
EarthEarth
The Red PlanetThe Red Planet
JupiterJupiterJupiterJupiter A near-starA near-star Made of hydrogen and heliumMade of hydrogen and helium No solid surface but has a solid coreNo solid surface but has a solid core Has two moonsHas two moons The Great Red Spot- lasted for 300 yrs. & The Great Red Spot- lasted for 300 yrs. &
as big as 2 Earth’s diameteras big as 2 Earth’s diameter
A near-starA near-star Made of hydrogen and heliumMade of hydrogen and helium No solid surface but has a solid coreNo solid surface but has a solid core Has two moonsHas two moons The Great Red Spot- lasted for 300 yrs. & The Great Red Spot- lasted for 300 yrs. &
as big as 2 Earth’s diameteras big as 2 Earth’s diameter
The Giant PlanetThe Giant Planet
SaturnSaturnSaturnSaturn The second largest planet in the The second largest planet in the
Solar SystemSolar System Rings- chunks of ice-covered rocksRings- chunks of ice-covered rocks Gives off more energy than they Gives off more energy than they
receive due to its internal heatreceive due to its internal heat Has large nine moons and many Has large nine moons and many
smaller onessmaller ones
The second largest planet in the The second largest planet in the Solar SystemSolar System
Rings- chunks of ice-covered rocksRings- chunks of ice-covered rocks Gives off more energy than they Gives off more energy than they
receive due to its internal heatreceive due to its internal heat Has large nine moons and many Has large nine moons and many
smaller onessmaller ones
The Ringed PlanetThe Ringed Planet
UranusUranusUranusUranus The first planet discovered in modern The first planet discovered in modern
timestimes Four times larger than EarthFour times larger than Earth Has five moonsHas five moons Atmosphere- Hydrogen & methaneAtmosphere- Hydrogen & methane Nine distinct rings & two faint ringsNine distinct rings & two faint rings
The first planet discovered in modern The first planet discovered in modern timestimes
Four times larger than EarthFour times larger than Earth Has five moonsHas five moons Atmosphere- Hydrogen & methaneAtmosphere- Hydrogen & methane Nine distinct rings & two faint ringsNine distinct rings & two faint rings
NeptuneNeptuneNeptuneNeptune Is a large, gaseous planetIs a large, gaseous planet Has an atmosphere containing Has an atmosphere containing
methanemethane Has rings that do not completely Has rings that do not completely
surround Neptunesurround Neptune Has two moonsHas two moons
Is a large, gaseous planetIs a large, gaseous planet Has an atmosphere containing Has an atmosphere containing
methanemethane Has rings that do not completely Has rings that do not completely
surround Neptunesurround Neptune Has two moonsHas two moons
PlutoPlutoPlutoPluto Is the smallest & most distant planet from Is the smallest & most distant planet from
the sunthe sun Is about the same size as Earth’s moonIs about the same size as Earth’s moon Has the longest orbit Has the longest orbit Takes about 250 years to travel around the Takes about 250 years to travel around the
sunsun Has a longer orbit than Neptune but Has a longer orbit than Neptune but
narrower so it crosses inside Neptune’s narrower so it crosses inside Neptune’s orbit for a period of 40 years Which makes orbit for a period of 40 years Which makes Neptune the farthest planet from the Sun Neptune the farthest planet from the Sun within those 40 yrs.within those 40 yrs.
Is the smallest & most distant planet from Is the smallest & most distant planet from the sunthe sun
Is about the same size as Earth’s moonIs about the same size as Earth’s moon Has the longest orbit Has the longest orbit Takes about 250 years to travel around the Takes about 250 years to travel around the
sunsun Has a longer orbit than Neptune but Has a longer orbit than Neptune but
narrower so it crosses inside Neptune’s narrower so it crosses inside Neptune’s orbit for a period of 40 years Which makes orbit for a period of 40 years Which makes Neptune the farthest planet from the Sun Neptune the farthest planet from the Sun within those 40 yrs.within those 40 yrs.
AsteroidAsteroidss
AsteroidAsteroidssAre small rocky objectsAre small rocky objects
Means “star-like”Means “star-like”
Asteroid belt- A million or so Asteroid belt- A million or so asteroids larger than a kilometerasteroids larger than a kilometer
CometCometss
CometCometss Consists of three basic parts: a nucleus, a Consists of three basic parts: a nucleus, a
coma, and a tailcoma, and a tail Nucleus- Solid chunk of matter at the Nucleus- Solid chunk of matter at the
center of the cometcenter of the comet Coma- Cloud of vaporComa- Cloud of vapor Tail- Made of dust released from a comet’s Tail- Made of dust released from a comet’s
outer layer of ice as the ice evaporatesouter layer of ice as the ice evaporates
Consists of three basic parts: a nucleus, a Consists of three basic parts: a nucleus, a coma, and a tailcoma, and a tail
Nucleus- Solid chunk of matter at the Nucleus- Solid chunk of matter at the center of the cometcenter of the comet
Coma- Cloud of vaporComa- Cloud of vapor Tail- Made of dust released from a comet’s Tail- Made of dust released from a comet’s
outer layer of ice as the ice evaporatesouter layer of ice as the ice evaporates
MeteorMeteorss
MeteorMeteorss Many pieces of rock (size of a sand Many pieces of rock (size of a sand
grain to tens of meters across)grain to tens of meters across) Burning rocks or shooting starsBurning rocks or shooting stars
Many pieces of rock (size of a sand Many pieces of rock (size of a sand grain to tens of meters across)grain to tens of meters across)
Burning rocks or shooting starsBurning rocks or shooting stars
ConclusiConclusionon
ConclusiConclusionon The Solar Sysytem contains the sun, nine The Solar Sysytem contains the sun, nine
planets, and other objects such as cometsplanets, and other objects such as comets All the planets revolve around the Sun in All the planets revolve around the Sun in
an orbit which is an ellipsean orbit which is an ellipse All the moons revolve around its All the moons revolve around its
respective planetsrespective planets
The Solar Sysytem contains the sun, nine The Solar Sysytem contains the sun, nine planets, and other objects such as cometsplanets, and other objects such as comets
All the planets revolve around the Sun in All the planets revolve around the Sun in an orbit which is an ellipsean orbit which is an ellipse
All the moons revolve around its All the moons revolve around its respective planetsrespective planets
ReferencReferenceses
ReferencReferenceses The Raintree Illustrated Science
Encyclopedia www. Google.com
The Raintree Illustrated Science Encyclopedia
www. Google.com