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4th European Conference on Energy Efficiency and Sustainability in Architecture and Planning University of the Basque Country Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain 1-3 July 2013
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district (France)
Diagnostico energético y evaluación de soluciones para la renovación del barrio Malartic (Francia)
Stéphanie Bontemps
Aurélien Henon, Laurent Mora, Jérôme Lopez
Introduction
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 2
Building in France :
44% of the total final energy consumption 25% of the total national CO2 emissions French government launched:
A huge program of construction of low, passive and positive energy buildings
An extensive renovation program The Malartic district :
Innovative technical, organizational and financial project for a global energy renovation of several houses
Introduction
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 3
The « DES FOURMIS DANS LE COMPTEUR » Association
The « FOURMINERGIE » Project
The Malartic district
Selection of a sample to be used as experimentation
Simulation of the current houses energy performance
Selection of technical solutions to improve the energy performance
Conclusion
DES FOURMIS DANS LE COMPTEUR
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 4
2005: 2 presentations organized by a district association on the theme of energy savings 2006: Creation of the DES FOURMIS DANS LE COMPTEUR association by 40 homeowners families Association goals:
Promote sustainable technologies for people and the environment Inform and engage works on flows control (energy, water, waste…) in the field of
housing and living conditions Promote and develop collective initiatives, especially through energy audits and
energy saving certificates
DES FOURMIS DANS LE COMPTEUR
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 5
Actions carried out since its creation:
Thematic groups working on information and reflection on energy savings Individual and collective operations implemented (grouped purchasing
organization for boilers and pressure reducers) 2007: 39 energy audits performed supported by ADEME and Aquitaine Regional
Council 2008: 2 years partnership agreement with Gaz de Bordeaux to carry out research
on insulation solutions which implied works on 2 houses between 2010 and 2011 2010: 10-day Workshop with Maison de l’Architecture d’Aquitaine and ENSABx with
technical and architectural discussions on works to engage and to make students think about environmental issues raised by the association (energy, water and materials used management)
Association members have been highly educated on the subject of global energy renovation for many years
FOURMINERGIE
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 6
Project launched in 2012 in the Malartic district
Steps:
Analysis of the current energy performance of the different types of houses in the district
Definition of a methodology to improve the performance using significant energy renovation and construction of a decision-making tool
Financial and legal set-up Renovation operations achievements on the experimental houses Monitoring and feedback Communication/Training/Duplication
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 7
716 houses 100 hectares Construction in the 1970s (before the first thermal regulation in France) 3 types of houses : Alicante (similar to Baléares and Bermudes), Castille, Cérac
Malartic District
Type and version of houses Number in the Malartic district
Alicante (5 and 6 rooms), Bermudes (5 rooms),
Baléares (5 rooms) 335
Castille (4, 5 and 6 rooms) 254
Cérac (4, 5 and 6 rooms) 127
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 8
Malartic District
Alicante
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 9
Malartic District
Castille
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 10
Malartic District
Cérac
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 11
Elements of construction:
Single glazing with wood frame Many thermal bridges Infiltration rate of around n50 = 8 vol/h
Natural ventilation with two inlet air
vents Heating system : gas central heating
and wood stove for some houses
Malartic District
Type of walls (Alicante – 6 rooms) Materials Thickness (m) Conductivity
(W/m.K) Density (kg/m²)
Vertical walls
Coating 0.01 1.150 17 Brick 0.14 0.500 97
Air gap 0.04 0.250 0 Brick 0.04 0.500 28
Coating 0.01 0.800 16
Floor Reinforced concrete slab 0.10 2.300 235
Mortar 0.03 1.150 60 Tiled floor 0.02 1.700 46
Intermediate floor Wood fiber 0.05 0.150 40
Roof
Shingle 0.01 0.500 17 Wood particle board 0.025 0.150 20 Polyurethane foam 0.07 0.050 5
Linex 0.044 0.063 13
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 12
Goal:
Selection of a reduced number of houses among 16 cooperating houses, which represents at best the cooperating houses, and at a large scale the entire district, to be studied at a more detailed level Parameters considered to classify the houses:
The compactness of the building (2 levels) The rate of common walls (2 levels) The orientation of the house (2 levels) The performance of the envelope (3 levels)
Parameters with an influence on the comfort and the energy performance
5 houses selected as priorities for the following steps of the study 2 more houses considered as relevant to broaden the technical database
for the energy performance analysis of the district
Selection of a sample to be used as experimentation
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 13
Studied case: Alicante house (6 rooms) Available data:
Interviews with homeowners in 2012 Infrared thermography surveys in 2012 and 2013 Study of an architectural firm involved in the project Energy audits of 2007 and 2013 with temperature measurements
Simulation of the current houses energy performance
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 14
From these data we deduced:
Walls composition Works done since the construction Infiltration rate Location of thermal bridges Heating, lighting and household appliances power Building functioning (stove use, temperature instructions, house occupancy
between 2006 and 2011)
Simulation of the current houses energy performance
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 15
Several thermal zones Radiative and convective heat transfers
taken into account in a global constant coefficient depending on the angle and optical properties of the walls, in addition to wind exposure outside
Thermal bridges values chosen according to the thermal regulation values included in the software
Assumption on some walls and windows thermal conductivities
Time step of 1 hour Loose power calculated with electricity
bill
Simulation of the current houses energy performance
Assumptions made on Pléiades+Comfie to model the house:
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 16
Calculation of the actual heating energy requirements from the gas and wood consumption between 2006 and 2011:
Boiler energy efficiency: 80% Stove energy efficiency: 60% Distribution losses are neglected Gas consumption for hot water: 30% of the total consumption of water is hot water
consumption and water is boiled at 55°C Results on heating energy requirements: Pléiades+Comfie: 13 223 kWh/year From energy bills: 13 170 kWh/year
Simulation of the current houses energy performance
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 17
Methodology to elaborate a scenario as part of a global renovation:
Selection of possible solutions taking account of the specific constraints of the Malartic district houses
Evaluation of single solutions concerning insulation (walls, roofs, floors) and windows with the integration of a single flow ventilation. Each item can be refurbished with two or three different variations. Solutions are ranked with energy, environmental, economic and comfort assessments
Combinations of single technical solutions taking care that the combinations of each best single solution do not lead to incoherent combinations. The proposed scenarios are the combination, globally one solved per exterior the other per interior, of two or three solutions concerning the insulation
Dual flow ventilation with heat recovery included when the entire envelope is renovated
The old gas boiler and all the supply system are replaced when the heat demand is significantly reduced, otherwise, the present solution is maintained, but including supply system balancing and thermostatic valves addition
Selection of technical solutions to improve the energy performance
Conclusion
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 18
First stages of the « FOURMINERGIE » project presented:
Selection of experimental houses Current house energy performance estimated using a dynamic thermal simulation
tool and compared to the real energy performance Methodology developed to determine the renovation scenarios In prospect:
Improve the house model on Pléiades+Comfie using hourly measurements of Mérignac meteorological station (2003-2012), ageing of materials and with a more accurate air change rate
Simulate the renovation scenarios to choose the innovative technical solutions to implement on the experimental houses
Evaluate selected solutions on experimental houses using consumption monitoring Replicate and/or fixe the retained solutions to the whole Malartic district, to
districts with similar typology and insert them to the decision-making tool
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 19
Thank you for your attention
Any questions
References
Energy diagnosis and solutions evaluation for the renovation of the Malartic district – Stéphanie Bontemps – EESAP4 – 1-3 July 2013 20
ADEME, Chiffres clés bâtiment 2011, (2012) Les objectifs du Plan Bâtiment Grenelle - Le Grenelle Environnement,
http://www.legrenelle-environnement.fr/Les-objectifs-du-Plan-Batiment,974.html DES FOURMIS DANS LE COMPTEUR, Fourmilien Cahier 0 Démarche de l’association
mode d’emploi, (2008) Des fourmis dans le compteur - Accueil, http://www.fourminergie.fr/ DES FOURMIS DANS LE COMPTEUR, Fourmilien Cahier 2 Bilan énergétique des
maisons du quartier de Malartic à Gradignan, (2008) Pleiades+COMFIE, http://www.izuba.fr/logiciel/pleiadescomfie Barmaud, G., Optimisation de l’implantation d’une double cellule expérimentale
dans le site EDF des Renardières, (1987) La consommation d’eau chaude sanitaire, http://www.energieplus-
lesite.be/index.php?id=11314
