- 1. EMC 3130 Lecture OneDigital Video How Does This Work? Pixels
to ScenesEdward Bowen
2. How Television
Workshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UivqdpliyA0 3. How Digital
Cameras Workhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VP__-EKrkbk 4. Digital
Camera
Deconstructedhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/science-channel/37727-deconstructed-digital-cameras-video.htm
5. What is Video?Video is electronically captured anddisseminated
sequential still images(frames) in rapid enough succession tocreate
the illusion of motion, storedeither analog or digitally,
andsynchronized with sound. 6. What is Video?Video is
electronically captured anddisseminated sequential still
images(frames) in rapid enough succession tocreate the illusion of
motion, storedeither analog or digitally, andsynchronized with
sound. 7. Analog A wave is recorded or used in its original form
Light or sound are converted to a fluctuating electrical wave
thatis directly recorded, usually to a magnetic tapemedium,
mirroring the original stimulus. It produces an electrical copy of
an original stimulus. Analog signal fluctuates exactly like the
original stimulus. Analog signal is continuous. 8. Digital The
analog wave is sampled at some interval, and then turnedinto
numbers that are stored in the digital device Light and sound are
recorded not as an identical copy of theoriginal stimulus, but as
discrete on-and-off pulses, zeros andones, binary digits. It is a
representation rather than a copy. Discontinuous. Signal is
sampled. Advantage: Resists data distortion and error in
duplication. Nogenerational loss. Advantage: Allows for
manipulation of sound and image. 9.
Digitalhttp://youtu.be/kR7227_ndqQ 10.
Digitalhttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/xkgkkv_dr-michio-kaku-on-the-conversion-from-analog-to-digital_tech
11. Digital 12. Digital Sampling/Quantizing Compression and Codecs
(Compression-Decompression, Encoding-Decoding) Downloading and
StreamingAdvantages Lossless Copying Compression Manipulation 13.
Basic Image FormationCompression CODEC a device or program for
encoding and/ordecoding digital information(DivX, Xvid, H.264, WMV,
etc.) Container of Wrapper Format(AVI, FLV, QuickTIme, MPEG, MP4,
etc.) Lossy vs. Lossless Lossy - Permanently removes information,
such asrepeated pixels. Lossless - Compresses and decompressed
withoutloss of information. Compression Ratio - the higher the
ratio, the smallerthe file; the lower the ratio, the higher the
quality. 14. Digital Compressionhttp://vimeo.com/1172256 15.
Digital Compressionhttp://youtu.be/nH3nmBEPIHY 16. What is
Video?Video is electronically captured anddisseminated sequential
still images(frames) in rapid enough succession tocreate the
illusion of motion, storedeither analog or digitally,
andsynchronized with sound. 17. Sequential Still Images (Frames)
The individual pictures that make upvideo are frames. 18.
Sequential Still Images (Frames) The individual pictures that make
upvideo are frames. The frames are comprised of millions
ofelectrically excitable pixels (pictureelements) 19. Pixels The
individual pictures that make upvideo are frames. The frames are
comprised of millions ofelectrically excitable pixels
(pictureelements) For color, each pixel is comprised ofthree parts
(red, blue, green) 20. Pixelshttp://youtu.be/ugV6cLgwomo 21.
Pixelshttp://youtu.be/DCTRk5a0aJg 22.
Pixelshttp://vimeo.com/18881890 23. Sequential Still Images
(Frames) The individual pictures that make upvideo are frames. The
frames are comprised of millions ofelectrically excitable pixels
(pictureelements) For color, each pixel is comprised ofthree dots
(red, blue, green) Individual images are drawn byscanning along
these pixels from left toright, top to bottom. 24. ScanningHigh
speed video showing the fluorescent screen ofCRT television being
scanned by electron gun.http://youtu.be/zVS6QewZsi4 25.
Scanninghttp://www.dailymotion.com/video/xjoyzr_cbs-entertainment-productions-london-films-persistence-of-vision-mgm-television_shortfilms
26. Scanning Interlaced Scanning - Two fieldscomprise a frame. 27.
Scanning Interlaced Scanning Misaligned fields 28. Scanning
Progressive Scanning (Computers andMost Digital Video) Refresh
Rate: Frames scanned persecond. 29. Scanning Progressive v
Interlaced Scanning 30. Scanning Progressive v Interlaced Scanning
31. Scanning Progressive v Interlaced
Scanninghttp://youtu.be/gbtBP8QxGg8 32.
Scanninghttp://video.answers.com/how-ntsc-interlaced-video-works-291907666
33. ResolutionStandard Television 480i (480 horizontal lines
visible, interlaced;30 frames per second) 34. ResolutionDigital
Television (DTV) Higher Picture Resolution Truer Color Wider
Contrast RatioFour prominent systems: 480p (progressive, 480
visible lines, 60 frames persecond) 720p (progressive, 720 visible
lines, 60 frames persecond, High Definition Television [HDTV] 1080i
(interlaced, 60 fields/30 frames persecond, High Definition
Television [HDTV] 1080p (progressive, 60 frames per second, [HDTV]
35. Resolution 36. Resolution720p1080p 37. Resolution 38.
ResolutionAdditional Systems24p - 1080 lines of resolution, 24
frames per second. For use in conjunction with motion picture film
Or to create a film look. 39. Resolutionhttp://vimeo.com/3388256
40. ResolutionAdditional Systems2K, 4K and 5K 2000, 4000 and 5000
lines ofresolution For use in theatrical screening and 35mm
scanning 41. ResolutionResolution The Detail an Image Contains
Horizontal lines of pixels times vertical lines of pixels VHS - 200
by 480 Mini-DV - 720 by 480 CineAlta 24p - 1920 by 1080 35mm film -
4000 by 3000 Red One - 4520 by 2540 42. ResolutionResolution The
Detail an Image Contains Horizontal lines of pixels times vertical
lines of pixelsAnalog and early digital 300480 : VHS, 500480 :
Analog broadcast 43. ResolutionResolution The Detail an Image
Contains Horizontal lines of pixels times vertical lines of
pixelsDigital 720480 :DVD, miniDV 1280720 (-1MP) : HD DVD, Blu-ray,
HDV (miniDV) 14401080 (1.5 MP) : HDV (miniDV) 19201080 (2MP) : HDV
(miniDV), AVCHD, HD DVD, Blu-ray, 20481080 : 2K Digital Cinema
40962160 : 4K Digital Cinema Sequences from newer films are scanned
at 2,000, 4,000, or even 8,000 columns, called 2K, 4K, and 8K, for
quality visual- effects editing on computers 44. What is
Video?Video is electronically captured anddisseminated sequential
still images(frames) in rapid enough succession tocreate the
illusion of motion, storedeither analog or digitally,
andsynchronized with sound. 45. Frame Rates(frames per
second)Shutter Speed(fraction of a second) 46. Frame RatesThe
number of frames captured in a second(frames per second) Shutter
Speed -The time light is allowed to strike theimage sensor to
create a singleimage. (fraction of a second) 47. Frame Rates(frames
per second)Higher frame capture and playback rates result in more
information and higher picture quality with increasedsharpness,
less stutter and flicker, and less motion blur. 48. Frame
Rates(frames per second)Impact on Image Quality and Smoothness of
Motionhttp://youtu.be/e54Q1KXRmX0 49. Frame Rates(frames per
second)Impact on Image Quality and Smoothness of
Motionhttp://youtu.be/-nU2_ERC_oE 50. Frame Rates (frames per
second)Impact on Image Quality and Smoothness of
Motionhttp://youtu.be/3xsSSsVqSA0 51. Frame Rates (frames per
second) Impact on Video SpeedWhen video is played back at the same
frame rate as it was captured, motion appears normal. When video
capture speed is faster than it is played back, slow motion
results, since the video is playingback at a SLOWER speed than it
was captured. 30fps Capture - 30fps Playback: Normal Motion 60fps
Capture - 60fps Playback: Normal Motion 60fps Capture - 30fps
Playback: Slow Motion300fps Capture - 30fps Playback: Slow Motion
52. Frame Rates(frames per second)Impact on Video SpeedWhen video
is played back at the same frame rate as it was captured, motion
appears normal. When video capture speed is slower than it is
playedback, fast motion results, since the video is playing backat
a FASTER speed than it was captured.30fps Capture - 30fps Playback:
Normal Motion60fps Capture - 60fps Playback: Normal Motion 30fps
Capture - 60fps Playback: Fast Motion3fps Capture - 30fps Playback:
Fast Motion 53. Frame Rates(frames per second)Impact on Video
SpeedWhen video is played back at the same frame rate as it was
captured, motion appears normal. When video playback speed is
altered in post production to a slower frame rate than it
wascaptured, slow motion results, since the video is playing back
at a SLOWER speed than it was captured. 30fps Capture - 30fps
Playback: Normal Motion 60fps Capture - 60fps Playback: Normal
Motion60fps Capture -30fps (or 50%) Playback: Slow Motion 60fps
Capture - 6fps (10%) Playback: Slow Motion 54. Frame Rates(frames
per second)Impact on Video Speed When video is played back at the
same frame rate as it was captured, motion appears normal.When
video playback speed is altered in post production to a fasterframe
rate than it was captured, fast motion results, since the videois
playing back at a FASTER speed than it was captured. 30fps Capture
- 30fps Playback: Normal Motion 60fps Capture -60fps Playback:
Normal Motion 60fps Capture -120fps (or 200%) Playback: Fast Motion
60fps Capture - 600fps (1000%) Playback: FAST Motion 55. Frame
Rates (frames per second) Impact on Image
Speedhttp://vimeo.com/11648907 56. Frame Rates (frames per second)
Impact on Image Speedhttp://youtu.be/kgdyBvHdNKY 57. Shutter Speed
(fraction of a second)Generally, shutter speed must be at least
half of theframe rate. At 30 frames per second, the shutter speed
will be approximately 1/60th of a second. It can be faster is the
camera allows.A higher frame rate requires a faster shutter
speed.Shutter speed can be increased independent of the frame
rate.A faster the shutter speed results in diminished blurA slower
shutter speed results in added blur. 58. Shutter Speed (fraction of
a second)Impact on Motion Blur 59. Shutter Speed (fraction of a
second)Impact on Motion Blur 60. Shutter Speed (fraction of a
second)Impact on Motion Blur 61. Shutter Speed (fraction of a
second)Impact on Motion Blur 62. Shutter Speed (fraction of a
second)Impact on Motion Blur 63. Shutter Speed (fraction of a
second)Impact on Motion Blurhttp://vimeo.com/18873243 64. Shutter
Speed(fraction of a second) Impact on Motion
Blurhttp://youtu.be/gFjbVZJ275k 65. Shutter Speed (fraction of a
second)Impact on Motion Blurhttp://vimeo.com/20310729 66. What is
Video?Video is electronically captured anddisseminated sequential
still images(frames) in rapid enough succession tocreate the
illusion of motion, storedeither analog or digitally,
andsynchronized with sound. 67. The Illusion of Motion Persistence
of Vision, Beta Movement, Phi
Phenomenonhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3veFqnnob0A 68. The
Illusion of Motion Persistence of Vision, Beta Movement, Phi
Phenomenon 69. The Illusion of Motion Flicker Fusion and Frequency
- theflickering of light rapidly enough tomerge or fuse the images
Apparent motion - Creating the illusionof motion 70. Basic Image
Formation Scanning Fields / Frames Flicker Frequency: Flashes per
second Apparent motion Frames per
secondhttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/assignment-discovery-
shorts-tv-tube-and-the-flicker-frequency.html 71.
Realityhttp://youtu.be/6jzNw4_2YGQ 72. Basic Image
FormationRecording Media Film Stock Analog Video Cassette tape
Digital Video Cassette tape DVD discs Digital Hard Drives Digital
Memory Cards 73. NTSCNational Television System Committee
http://www.ehow.com/video_4751914_what-ntsc-video.html
http://www.ehow.com/video_4751915_what-difference-between-ntsc-pal.html
74. NTSCNational Television System Committee 75. NTSCNational
Television System Committee
