Energy manager in Italy and other energy efficiency challenges

www.fire-italia.org www.fire-italia.org The energy managers in Italy Dario Di Santo, FIRE

Advanced Training Program on Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 9th December 2013, Roma

The�� rules�� and�� the�� market�� do�� change...��

If�� you�� don’t�� want�� to�� grope�� in�� the�� dark...

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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

FIRE

The Italian Federation for the Rational use of Energy is a no-profit association that promotes energy efficiency, supporting energy manager, ESCOs and other companies dealing with energy. !Besides the activities directed to its nearly 500 members, FIRE operates under an implementing agreement with the Ministry of Economic Development to manage the Italian energy manager network since 1992. !In order to promote energy efficiency FIRE cooperates and deals with public authorities, energy technology and service companies, consultants, medium and large consumers, universities and associations to promote best practices and improve the legislation.

!2www.fire-italia.org

EGE certification Energy Management Experts

UNI CEI 11339

www.secem.eu Gestione Energia magazine



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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

FIRE activities and projects

!3

www.hreii.eu/demo

www.enforce-een.eu www.esd-ca.eu

Among closed projects: - www.e-quem.enea.it - www.eu-greenlight.org - www.enerbuilding.eu - www.soltec-project.eu - Eurocontract - ST-Esco

Besides to dedicated meetings, FIRE organizes the Enermanagement conference, workshops, and training courses. It implements dissemination campaigns, surveys, market analysis and studies. Among the subjects with which FIRE has cooperated there are ENEA (national energy agency), GSE (manager of incentive mechanisms), RSE, large companies, universities, associations, agencies and trade fairs organizers.

www.ener-supply.eu


http://www.hreii.eu/

http://www.enforce-een.eu/

http://www.esd-ca.eu/

http://www.e-quem.enea.it

http://www.eu-greenlight.org

http://www.enerbuilding.eu

http://www.ener-supply.eu/

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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

!4

To avoid energy waste

To use energy efficient technologies

To adopt renewables

The three steps of energy efficiency


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

Energy efficiency is the best solution to reduce energy and environmental risks and achieve a sustainable development.

Why energy efficiency?

Energy efficiency: reduces or keep under control energy dependency and energy security; reduces environmental pollution; avoids the construction of new power plants and transport network; helps creating new working places since it is linked to the territory and often tailor made; allows to save money (not only with energy savings, but also with O&M, comfort, and other co-benefits); contributes to a sound environmental and social report; promotes a sustainable development.


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

A multiplicity of solutions with different sizes and type


www.fire-italia.org

Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

A lot of available projects with a good ROI

Examples extracted from enterprises in the chemical and the paper sectors.

!7

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Premessa

Il sistema

L’efficienza

Strumenti

Interventi

Audit e Costi

Comunicazione

Unità di misura

130

Un’industria chimica. Fonte: Armstrong.

Individuazione degli interventi

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!”David M. Armstrong

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!”David M. Armstrong

3,0%

% d

i Ris

parm

io su

l bud

get A

nnuo

di v

apor

e2,5%

2,0%

1,5%

1,0%

0,5%

0,0%

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

Tempi di Ammortamento (Anni)

Sintesi delle potenziali ottimizzazioni

6

EconomizzatoreAcqua d'alimento

Recuperi di Calore

Progetti avanzatialto livello d'IngegnerizzazioneInvestimenti Richiesti Alti

Progetti semplici basso livello d'IngegnerizzazioneInvestimenti Richiesti Bassi

Riduzione BD

Perdite Vapore Varie

Coibentazione

Livelli Pressione

Scaricatori in perdita

Recupero Caloreda BD

Recupero vaporidi Flash

Condensazione dei Vent

Controllo AutomaticoOssigeno

Recupero della CondensaProgetti standardMedio livello d'IngegnerizzazioneInvestimenti Richiesti Medi

Economizzatoria condensazione

Caldaie in stand-by

Energy eff iciency means three actions:

avoiding losses and waste of energy; using energy efficiency technologies; adopting renewable energy sources.


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

But energy is usually not core business…

Low impact of energy costs on turnover of most of the companies.

!810

(Fonte: http://trend.cestec.eu)

Energy costs are usually among 2-6%

of the turnover.


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

Source: European Commission.

!9

MEETING ALL THREE “20-20-20 BY 2020” GOALS BECOMES A MATTER OF URGENCY

Reduce greenhouse

gas levels by 20%

Increase share of

renewables to 20%

100%

Reduce energy

consumption by 20%

-10%Current

trend to

2020

-20%

20%

Current

trend to

2020

Current

trend to

2020

1678 Mtoe

-20% objective

Status today

1842 Mtoebusiness

as usual

2020

Projections from 2007Projections from 200920% Energy saving objective

1474 Mtoe

* Gross inland consumption minus non-energy uses

Prim

ary

ener

gy c

onsu

mpt

ion*

, Mto

e

1400

1450

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700

1750

1800

1850

1900

2005 2010 2015

SO FAR THE EU IS NOT ON TRACK TO MEET ITS 20% ENERGY SAVING TARGET BY 2020

GAP

The Commission in 2011 proposed a new directive on energy efficiency to cope with the negative trend manifested at European level.

Energy efficiency directive 2012/27/EU


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

!10

Energy efficiency directive 2012/27/EU

Under transposition among member countries: refurbishment of 3% of the housing stock of the central PA; promotion of green procurement and energy services; promotion of ESCOs and third-party financing; large companies subjected to an obligation for energy audit every 4 years or an energy management system (EMS) ISO 50001 and promotion of audits among SMEs; energy efficiency obligation schemes (EEOs) with a saving target per country of 1, 5% year; boost to smart metering and informative billing; heat recovery also territorial, cogeneration and smart grids; promotion of planning (e.g. covenant of mayors) and EMS.


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

!"!!!!

!5.000!!

!10.000!!

!15.000!!

!20.000!!

!25.000!!

2005! 2006! 2007! 2008! 2009! 2010! 2011! 2012! 2013! 2014! 2015! 2016! 2017! 2018! 2019! 2020!

Na#onal'energy'efficiency'targets'and'WhC'targets'

Na0onal!targets! WhC!targets!

Fonte:!elaborazioni!FIRE!

Energy efficiency and the 20-20-20 program in Italy

!11

Italian 2010 RES Plan target in 2020

2006/32/EC directive EE target in 2016

Mto

e

Yearly increment in the range 0,4-1,6 Mtoe


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

White certificates

65% fiscal deduction (until 31 December 2013 or 30 June 2014)

Incentives in Italy

!12

Energy efficiency Thermal renewables Electrical renewables

RES incentives (D.M. 6 luglio 2012)

Conto energia termico (D.M. 28 dicembre 2012)

Other options (Elena, Jessica, EEEF, structural funds, local incentives, etc.)

CHP-DH

5

Source: FIRE.


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

Energy manager: the origin and the Italian mandatory approach

The figure of the energy manager was born in the industry sector in the the seventies, at the time of the first oil crisis. !Law 373/1977 is the first example of a national public regulation on energy efficiency, integrated and followed by law 9 and 10 of 1991 and the strong flow of new European regulations. !In the eighties the first voluntary associations were born:

AIGE (Italian Association of Energy managers) The Energy Manager Club (EMC) for the State-owned industries

!Law 308/1982 established the obligation for all industrial enterprises with a consumption over 10.000 toe/year and with over 1.000 employees to appoint a person “in charge for the rational use of energy”. !In 1987 AIGE and EMC merged in FIRE as founder members, together with ENEA. !13


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

The evolution of the role of the energy manager

Law 10/1991 extended the mandatory requirements appointment of such “technician” (energy manager) to all the industrial enterprises over 10.000 toe/year and for the organizations of civil (residential and services) and transportation sectors over 1.000 toe/year. !According to law 10/1991 the tasks of the energy manager are:

• identify actions, measures, procedures and whatever else is needed to promote the rational use of energy;

• ensure the preparation of energy balances also in accord to the economic parameters and the final energy uses;

• prepare energy data to verify the measures implemented with the contribution of the State.

!This role evolved with the opening of the energy markets, the continuing evolution of the legislation on various levels (European, national, local), technical standards and harmonized standards, contracts increasingly complex (Energy performance contract, etc.), markets increasingly competitive, the international context.

!14


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE


Over the years new tasks and opportunities were added by the legislation: !

• Energy performance of building (Legislative Decree 311/2006, transposition of the directive 2002/91/EC on energy performance of buildings): the energy manager of the bodies obliged to appoint an energy manager, must sign/approve the declaration of heating needs of new or refurbished buildings. !

• Ministerial Decree 21/12/2007: Organizations fulfilling the obligation to appoint an energy manager can participate directly to the White Certificate scheme !

• Energy services (Legislative Decree 115/2008, transposition of the directive 2006/32/EC on energy services): public bodies with energy manager must indicate the energy manager as counter part in the energy service contracts.

!15


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE


It's a role in evolution, that must now add the technical expertise also the financial, risk management and environmental ones, seasoned by communication skills and knowledge of energy markets and contracts. !Taking into account these new requirements the Project e-Quem (e-Qualification of the Energy Manager) was launched in 2007 in the Equal Program. The action strategy of the project was based on three points:

qualification of the professionals process of continuous online learning certification of skills basis

From field investigation and experience gained by the partners over the years, has been developed a skills profile for the expert in energy management. !

!16

E.M. ESCO

Professional Auditor

Expert in Energy

Management

www.e-quem.enea.it


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

The requirements from the transposition of directive 2006/32/EC

Directive 2006/32/EC art.8 With a view to achieving a high level of technical competence, objectivity and reliability, Member States shall ensure, where they deem it necessary, the availability of appropriate qualification, accreditation and/or certification schemes for providers of energy services, energy audits and energy efficiency improvement measures… !D.Lgs. 115/2008 Art. 16. Qualification of providers and energy services 1. In order to promote a process of increasing the level of quality and technical expertise for providers of energy services, with one or more decrees of Ministry of Economic Developement is approved, following the adoption of appropriate technical standard UNI-CEI, a voluntary certification procedure for ESCO and for experts in energy management. 2. in order to promote a process of increase of the level of objectivity and reliability to the measures and systems aimed at improving energy efficiency, with one or more decrees of Ministry of Economic Developement is approved, following the adoption of appropriate technical standard UNI-CEI, a certification procedure for the energy management system and energy audit.

!17


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

UNI CEI 11339 Energy Manager General requirement for certification

With the introduction of an energy management system, the energy manager can have the role of management representative. !An Italian technical standard, UNI CEI 11339 was developed to strength the qualification of the energy experts. !The standard identifies:

tasks; skills; evaluation methods.

!The standard takes into account the European directives 2002/91, 2006/32, 2005/36, 2006/100, their transposition and the standards EN 16001, EN 15900, UNI CEI 11352, etc.

!18


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE


Tasks: Continual analysis of the energy system Introduction and / or development of energy policy and internal management systems according to ISO 50001 Energy Accounting Energy audits and feasibility studies Contracts Conducting awareness and promotion programs Defining specifications for energy contracts Energy and financial planning Management of the energy system Report to management

!19


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE


Skills: Energy management systems and ability to implement it Knowledge of efficient technologies and renewable energy Energy markets Contracts Evaluation of investments and risks Financial instruments Legislation and technical standards Basic knowledge in: project management, business organization, accounting, etc..

!! Energy manager !

!20

Civil

Industrial


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE


Evaluation methods: The evaluation process begins with the verification of documents proving

adequate professional experience in the energy sector qualification

!and continues with the assessment of skills. !The process is periodic with a maximum interval between assessments of 5 years. !It can be a self-assessment (first party certification), an assessment by the organization in which the E.M. works (second party certification), an assessment by third party (third party certification). !In the latter case the third party must operate according to the requirements of ISO 17024.

!21


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

SECEM: the first accredited body for the UNI CEI 11339 standard

The first body to be accredited to release a third party certification for energy management experts was SECEM (within FIRE). Since then other two bodies have been accredited by Accredia. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

www.secem.eu

!22

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CERTIFICAZIONERisorse UmaneChi siamoLa struttura SECEMAccreditamentoPerché certificarsiPerchè scegliere SECEMSoggetti interessatiProfilo attitudinale

IL PROCESSO DICERTIFICAZIONE

Come certificarsiRinnovo della certificazioneRegolamento SECEMTariffario SECEMRequisiti per l'ammissioneProcedure di valutazione

BANDI E PROGRAMMIDEGLI ESAMI

Bando giugno 2013Bando aprile 2013Bando gennaio 2013

ELENCO PROVED'ESAME

Sessione aprile 2013Sessione gennaio 2013Sessione giugno 2012Sessione gennaio 2012Sessione giugno 2011Sessione gennaio 2011Sessione giugno 2010Sessione gennaio 2010

Bando SECEM 25 giugno 2013

Pubblicata la nuova revisione del

Files:

Bando SECEM giugno 2013

2013-05-08 Italian 293.9 KB 242

relativo alla sessione d'esame del 25 giugno 2013.

Pubblicato il Decreto Legislativo relativo al sistemanazionale di certificazione delle competenze

Entra in vigore il 2 marzo 2013 il Decreto Legislativo n. 13/2013 (G.U. n. 39 del 15febbraio 2013) che - in attuazione dell'articolo 4, commi 58 e 68, della Legge Fornero (L.n. 92/2012) - disciplina l'attività di individuazione, validazione e certificazione dellecompetenze acquisite dalla persona in contesti non formali e informali, ossia durante lasua storia di vita, di studio e di lavoro.

Il provvedimento individua nei Ministeri dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, delLavoro e delle Politiche sociali e dello Sviluppo economico e nelle Regioni, gli "entipubblici titolari" a regolamentare i servizi di individuazione, validazione e certificazionedelle competenze, e individua negli "enti titolati" i soggetti pubblici o privati che possonoerogare tali servizi.

E' specificato all'articolo 4, comma 5, che tali enti, nel caso in cui eroghino il servizio dicertificazione delle competenze in conformità alle norme tecniche UNI, dovranno essere inpossesso dell'accreditamento rilasciato da ACCREDIA.

Saranno oggetto di certificazione unicamente le competenze riferite a qualificazioniricomprese in un repertorio nazionale costituito da tutti i repertori codificati a livellonazionale e regionale pubblicamente riconosciuti.

SECEM rientra tra i soggetti privati (ente titolato) che possono erogare tali servizi, comedefinito dall'art. 2 comma 1) lettera g.Questo provvedimento, che segue la Legge 4/2013 sulle professioni non organizzate,apre la possibilità ad eventuali accordi di SECEM con tutti gli "enti pubblici titolari".

Riconoscimento delle professioni non regolamentate

La certificazione SECEM è in accordo con quanto previsto dalla Legge 14 gennaio 2013n.4 sulle professioni non organizzate.La riforma delle professioni non organizzate in ordini professionali e collegi (legge 14gennaio 2013 n. 4) prevede che per tali professioni sia possibile la regolamentazionevolontaria sulla base di norme UNI – come ad esempio la norma UNI CEI 11339 per gliEGE – certificabile da organismi accreditati.

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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

Energy manager: the Italian mandatory approach

These are the appointed energy managers according to the law 10/91, whose obligation is unfortunately largely ignored by the public administration.

!23

SECTORS SUBSECTORS)AND)NOTES EM))Agriculture !(of!which!35!are!!land!reclamation!authorities) 41))))))))))))))))Industria 587))))))))))))))

Extraction*of*minerals*from*quarries*and*mines 5******************Manufacturing*activities 406**************Supply*of*electricity,*gas,*steam*and*air*conditioning 94****************Supply*of*water,*sewerage*networks,*management*activities*of*waste*rehabilitation 78****************Constructions 4******************

Transport!(of!which!70!publicly!owned) 324))))))))))))))Pubblic)Sector !(ministries,!central!government,!regions,!local!authorities,!etc.)! 144))))))))))))))P.S.)enlarged 143))))))))))))))

Healthcar 110**************University 19****************Research 9******************Territorial*utilities 5******************

Private)tertiary 223))))))))))))))Energy)service 69))))))))))))))))

TOTAL)APPOINTED)E.M. 1.531)))))))))))

Energy)manager)(EM))appointed)in)2013)in)accordance)with)article)19)of)the)law)10/91

Source:!FIRE!data.!For!further!information:!www.fireEitalia.org

Note about appointments and appointed: the table shows only the data on obliged parties who have appointed anenergy manager according to the law, does not take into account any energy manager of multisite venues (399 localEM), nominations received beyond the statutory deadline (143 EM, 17 local EM) and those from nonPobligatedparties*(530*EM,*102**local*EM).


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

Managed consumptions per sector

!24

Industry

Transport

Tertiary

Energy service

Public Sector

Agriculture

(Source: FIRE)


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

Energy manager by region: number and managed consumptions

!25


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

The book of energy manager and the other tasks

Since 1992 FIRE has an implementing agreement with the Ministry of Economic Development to collect the names of the energy managers, appointed every year, to publish the book listing names and addresses, organize conferences dedicated to energy managers and refreshing courses for energy managers together with ENEA.

!26


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

The work of the energy manager

FIRE periodically makes surveys on energy managers. Those are the results on the typical efficiency/renewables measures implemented according to the 2013 survey: !

!27

led lighting, heat recovery, free cooling, HVAC with heat recovery, condensing boilers, power factor correction, solar cooling, high efficiency electric motors and variable speed drivers, piping insulation, combined beat and power, trigeneration solar PV, use of biomass, compressed air, UPS, energy distribution, macchine ventilanti, optimization of wells water extraction, efficiency of the production process (iron & steel, cement, glass), heat pumps, industrial automation, smart motor management, behavioral change programs, measures on buildings envelope, energy recovery on elevators, efficient lighting, energy management software, fuel efficiency, building automation, data center efficiency, ground water source heat pumps, recycle of scraps.


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

Energy management issues

!28

The energy manager is a key figure for managing energy efficiently in a company or an institution. Until a few years ago these were the typical problems to be faced... No energy policy

in the company

Lack of management

There is no energy manager

Lack of money or other resources

Issue “0”

Issue 1

Issue 2

Issue 3

Source: FIRE.


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

!29

Business plan are based on ex-ante consumption knowledge...

cash flow => ex ante energy bill - ex post energy bill

Lack of M&V and KPI

Linked to building uses and weather

Linked to building uses and weather

Linked to project and design

Linked to management

The direct connection between the cash flows related to energy saving and end-use makes it difficult to assess and manage the risks. Some points:

metering and good design and management (technical part and skills); distribution of risks on numerous projects (financial part); smart regulations and guarantee fund (policy).


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

!30

... and imply the capability to involve small size projects

Small: credit through bank agencies, no project financing; need for a diffused commercial and technical structure; request for turnkey and full service solutions.

Medium: agency or corporate banking; more ordinary commercial and technical structure; request mainly for turnkey and full service solutions.

Large: corporate o project financing; need for a structure capable to manage large projects; customized solutions.

Good opportunities for innovative business models, such as cooperatives, crowd-funding, investment funds, European Investment Bank programs, clustering of small operators and management of diffused partners.


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

Demand and supply

Energy efficiency project

Energy intensive industry

Non energy intensive industry

Tertiary

Public administration

Residential

Energy traders

Building refurbishments

Plumbers

ESCO

Technology providers

Large-scale distribution

Fonte: FIRE.

DEMAND

SUPPLY

!31


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

Directives and technical standards

!32Source: E. Piantoni revised by FIRE

Directive 2009/72/EU E. Energy

Directive 2009/73//EU

Nat. Gas

Directive 2006/32/EU E. Efficiency

Directive 2012//27/EU E. Efficiency

Energy Efficiency

Directive 2004/8/EU

Cogeneration

Directive 2009/28/EU

RED

Market Liberalization


Ecodesign Directive

2010/31/EU Building Energy

Performance Climate and Energy

Package 20-20-20

Directive 2010//30/EU

Energy labelling

ISO 14001 Environmental Management

System

EN 16001 Energy

Management Systems

EN 15900 Energy

Efficiency Services

ISO 50001 Energy

Management Systems

EN 16247 Energy Audit

EN 16231 Energy

Benchmarking

EN 16212 Energy Saving

Calculation

EN 16235 Guarantees of

origin for electricity

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Building efficiency

Renewable Energy


Public Procurement


Public Procurement

Italian !standards

UNI CEI 11339!EGE

UNI CEI 11352!ESCO


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

Energy Management Systems (EnMS)

The importance of energy is often overlooked as it is seen as a specific activity outside of the core business.

Only when energy supplies became very costly energy management received the proper attention.

The crisis in the short term should clarify the importance of energy management in the future. Long-term improvements are achieved only when the management considers energy as a priority.

ISO 50001 provides guidelines for planning measures aimed to organization efficiency and describes the elements required for a sustained program of continuous improvement.

Compliance with the Standard demonstrates a real commitment towards the rationalization and the "intelligent" management of energy resources.

!33


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

Energy Management Systems – ISO 50001

!34

Energy policy

Energy planning

Monitoring, measurement and

analysis

Internal audit of The EnMS

Implementation and operation

Management review

Checking

Nonconformities, correction, corrective and

preventive action


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

An energy management system represents an important opportunity for companies that aim at dealing successfully with energy issues. The EnMS:

provides a process in the level of execution critical to performance;

continuously manages the energy processes;

reduces exposure to energy costs (Internal hedging and volatility management);

reduces carbon control investment and alternatives without negative effects on operations;

provides continual improvement of energy intensity and use;

values both avoidance & savings for internal and external metrics (e.g. emissions, utility credits, reduced labor intensity, CAPEX, etc.) over time rather than one off projects.

!35



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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

To set up an energy manager system the steps are:

vision with the commitment to continuos improvement (energy policy);

form a dedicated team and allocate the resources to implement the energy policy;

assess the energy performance;

set goals;

create the action plan;

implement the action plan;

evaluate the progress;

recognize and consolidate the achievements.

!36



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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

Energy management system around the World

According to the result of a DIN survey on the implementation ISO 50001 certified energy management systems, there were in August 2013 at least 2400 certified organizations and over 4000 certified sites. !!!!!!!!!The results in Italy are far from the German ones, but it should be also considered the absence of incentives so far.

!37

Organiza(ons+cer(fied+ISO+50001+5+8/2013+Germany+1225+

Italy+135+

Spain+135+

India+76+

Sweden+71+

Turkey+66+

UK+64+

Denmark+51+

Taiwan+46+

Austria+44+(Source:+DIN)+

Sites&cer)fied&ISO&50001&1&8/2013&Germany&2177&

UK&330&

Sweden&169&

Italy&168&

Spain&168&

India&102&

Korea&97&

Ireland&86&

Turkey&82&

Austria&66&

Taiwan&61&(Source:&DIN)&


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Framework

Energy managers

Tools for EE

Energy management issues: solved?

!38

The energy manager is a key figure for managing energy efficiently in a company or an institution. Until a few years ago these were the typical problems to be faced... No energy policy

in the company

Lack of management

There is no energy manager

Lack of money or other resources

Issue “0”

Issue 1

Issue 2

Issue 3

ISO 50001

ISO 50001Business models

ISO 50001

Source: FIRE.


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Abbreviation list

DSO: Distribution System Organisation ENEA: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development. CEI: Italian electrical standardization body EN: European technical standard ESCO: Energy Service Company FIRE: Italian Federation for Rational use of Energy GME: Electric Market Manager GSE: Energy Service Manager RSE: Research on Electric System SSE: Energy service provider company toe: ton of oil equivalent UNI: Italian standardization body WhC: White Certificate


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