1.Presented By Malik SameeullahNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KURUKSHETRA1

2. Contents Energy Conventional source of energy Energy and economics Commercial form of energy Global Energy Consumption Need to reform in energy sector Global Energy Crises Kyoto Protocol Energy Scenario in India Electricity Act 2003 Energy Conservation Act 2001 Future energy resource 2 3. Contents Renewable energy and sustainable development Renewable Energy in India Renewable Energy Policy Framework research organization Conclusion3 4. Energy It is a capacity to do work In modern era people depend upon energy Fossil fuel like coal, oil & natural gas are main sourceof energy Energy can be classified into several types based on the following criteria: Primary and Secondary energy 2. Commercial and Non commercial energy 3. Renewable and Non-Renewable energy 1.4 5. EnergyPrimary Energy World Consumption (courtesy BP 2013) (Million tonnes oil equivalent)5 6. EnergyPrimary energy regional consumption pattern 2012 (courtesy BP 2013) (Percentage) 6 7. Conventional Source of Energy Coal, oil and natural gas are the major source of energy from longtime Still 80% energy requirement is fulfill by fossil fuel Coal play a major role to run thermal power plant Due to rapid industrialization, consumption increase manifold Oil and gas decide the economic condition of country These resources are limited and must be conserve Main cause of air pollution and global warming7 8. Energy and Economics Energy is essential for Economic growth Economics growth is essential for country like India Ratio of energy demand and GDP is useful indicator forEconomics growth Per Capita Energy Consumption of USA 13246 kwh/Year India Per capita consumption is about 684kwh/Year Economic growth of country is depend upon rate of improvement in per capita energy consumption8 9. Oil Consumption Per Capita 2012 Tonnes9 10. Commercial form of Energy Energy resource which is economical and technically acceptable is known as commercial fuel i.e. , after the invention of IC engine, oil become a commercial fuel Coal, oil and gas are used. For sustainable growth, people look forward for new available form of energy Nuclear and hydro energy is one of the clean fuel and have a future10 11. Coal Consumption Per Capita 2012 Tonnes oil equivalent11 12. Nuclear Energy Consumption Per Capita 2012 Million tonnes oil equivalent12 13. Global Energy Consumption There is uneven pattern of energy consumption indifferent country Developed country have a population of 10%, use approx. 90% of the available resources One the other side, there is country where people depend on wood as a form of energy From last 20 year developing country focus on energy sector Rate of growth in energy sector in developed country is 1% to 2%, but in developing country growth rate is 7 to 8%. 13 14. Per Capita Energy Consumption (kWh) United Arab Emirates9389Sweden14030USA13246Australia10720Japan7848GermanyPer Capita Energy Consumption (kWh)7081China3298Indonesia680India684 050001000015000Source: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC 14 15. Need to reform in Energy sector Developing countries require substantial investments in their power sectors to sustain economic growth and reduce poverty Fossil fuels are depleted and need proper care Global pollution level increase and there is threat of global warming Oil & gas crisis in 1980 Kyoto Protocol sign by country to reduce carbon emission15 16. Global Energy Crises Global Energy requirement increases continuously Fuel resources are depleted Oil price increase continuously It put pressure on country economic Oil war start (developed country pressurized oil richcountry) It is estimated that in next 50-60 year oil & gas resources are consumed16 17. Kyoto Protocol First legal international agreement on climate protection It aim to reduce the level of Green House Gas emission Annex-B country must limit there emissions of GHG, most notably CO2 from fossil fuel combustion Annex-B country reduce GHG emission by 5.2% on 1990 average (achieve goal by 2012) There is system for carbon credit It lack economic and environmental policy objective Developing country are not much interested in kyoto protocol 17 18. Energy Scenario in India India is a seventh largest country and have a populationof 1.2 billion people To maintain growth rate, need rapid growth in energy sector 41% of electricity generation from thermal power plant18 19. Energy scenario in India By 2016-2017, total domestic energy production of 670million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE). This meet only 71% of the expected demand. As per the 2011 Census, 55.3% rural households had access to electricity Still most of the rural area have limited supply hours of electricity India ready to exploit renewable energy resources19 20. Electricity ACT 2003 Role of Government : National Electricity Policy and tariff policy Rural electrification Splitting the structure: Genco, Transco and Discos Consumer protection Trading and market development Formation of Central Electricity Authority (CEA) Restructuring of State Electricity Board (SEB) Measures against theft of electricity Renewable energy utilization 20 21. Energy Conservation Act 2001 much-neededlegal framework and institutional arrangement for embarking on an energy efficiency drive Energy auditing for designated consumer like energyintensive industry, railway, commercial building, Power Plant etc. Establishment of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) Role of BEE: standard and labels of appliances, undertakepromotional activity, prepare building codes, maintain central energy conservation fund etc. 21 22. Future Energy Resources Current rate of fossil fuel usage will lead to an energy crisis this century Energy industry start inventing new ways to extract energy from renewable sources Due to lack of technology and economic consideration, total shift toward renewable energy is not possible Nuclear energy have a future Solar thermal plant, solar PV plant, wind energy play a crucial role to satisfy the energy demand 22 23. Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development Sustainable Development: to meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future Effect of conventional source of energy: air pollution, acid precipitation, ozone depletion, forest destruction, and emission of radioactive substances There is shortage of energy in near future more use of renewable energy sources and technologies is one of the solution Renewable energy is a direct or indirect form of solar energy Research is going on to make renewable energy economical Once technology develop in renewable energy field, it help in national sustainable economic growth 23 24. Renewable Energy in India Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) comein picture in 2006 It work to increase the share of renewable energy Output in GW 2519.932015 10 5 03.741.772.390.212.21(Cumulative deployment of renewable energy as on 31.10.2013) :Source MNRE 24 25. Wind Energy India have a wind potential of 50 GW at 50m height Costal region in southern part of India is one of the best site of wind energy India is a fifth largest wind power producer in world Wind energy sector is one of the fastest growing renewable energy sector Assessment of wind energy resource is done by C-WET (Centre for Wind Energy Technology) R&D and testing is done by C-WET25 26. Biomass Power Programme Objective of harnessing grid quality power frombiomass Biomass material like bagasse, rice husk, cotton and jute waste, de oiled cakes etc. are used to produce energy Bagasse based cogeneration in sugar mill have a potential of 5000 MW Biogas based generation in village using animal waste26 27. Small Hydro Plant Hydro plant of capacity less than 25 MW Estimated potential of small hydro plant is 20 GW It help to provide electricity in remote area Government plant to electrify boarder village ofArunachal Pradesh using small hydro plant AHEC (Alternative Hydro Energy Centre),IIT Roorkee is work to design international level R&D and testing facility27 28. Solar Power With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India have abundant solar potential Daily average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2 Technology advancement and drop in price of PV module make solar PV plant a good choice National Solar Mission launch to encourage solar energy Solar PV plant type: 1. 2.Grid connected solar PV plant Off grid (StandAlone) PV plant 28 29. Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission Launched on 11 January 2010 It aim: 1. Deployment of 20000 MW of grid connected solar plant by 2022 2. 2000 MW of off grid solar application including 20 million solar lights by 2022 3. 20 million sq. meter of solar thermal collector area 4. R&D and capacity building activities to achieve grid parity by 202229 30. Renewable Energy Policy Framework Budgetary support for research, development anddemonstration of technologies Financial Incentives, including for renewable energy applications in rural areas Promoting private investment through fiscal incentives, tax holidays, depreciation allowance and remunerative returns for power fed into the grid. Finance for renewable energy: IREDA30 31. Research ORGANIZATION Solar Energy Centre Centre of Wind Energy Technology (C-WET) AHEC (Alternative Hydro Energy Centre) IREDA ( Indian Renewable Energy DevelopmentAgency) SECI (Solar Energy Corporation of India) NCPRE (National Centre for Photovoltaic Research and Education), IIT Bombay Renewable energy centre in various IIT and NIT 31 32. Conclusion India, one of the stable economic country depend upon thermal power plant to meet 45 % demand To make future brighter India gear up to utilize renewable resources Still the share of renewable energy is not significant Various renewable energy mission launch by government of India Growth of renewable sector show that still in future thermal plant is a main source of energy. Nuclear plant and large hydro plant replace thermal power plant in future 32 33. THANK YOU? 33