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ENHANCED HOMESTEAD
FOOD PRODUCTION FOR
IMPROVED FOOD SECURITY
AND NUTRITION IN BURKINA
FASO
Helen Keller International (HKI) and
the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
E-HFP Program
Goal: To improve the nutritional status of infants and young children through a set of production and nutrition interventions targeted to women with children 3-12 months of age
1. Increased availability of micronutrient-rich foods through household production in the secondary agriculture season.
2. Income generation through the sale of surplus household production
3. Increased knowledge and adoption of optimal nutritional practices including consumption of micronutrient-rich foods
Behavior change promoted through two different social network channels – “grandmothers” and health committees
Target population: 30 villages – 120 female village farm leaders (VFL) plus 1200 female household gardeners
Primary Assets
Physical capital through project inputs and products
Financial capital through increased revenue from household
gardens
Social capital through village model farms and behavior
change communication strategy
Human capital through agriculture and nutrition training and
improved knowledge and adoption of best practices in
agriculture and nutrition and subsequent improved nutritional
status
Study Design
Longitudinal impact evaluation
Social network census
Operations research
Impact Evaluation
Randomized design
30 intervention villages (~1200 households)
15 “grandmothers” villages
15 health committee villages
15 control villages (~800 households)
Longitudinal
Baseline Feb-Apr 2010 (target children 3-12 months of age)
Endline Feb-Apr 2012 (target children 27-36 months of age)
Household interview
Male household head and female key respondent including gender disaggregated modules on asset ownership, agricultural production, income, household expenditures, knowledge on nutrition, household food security, dietary diversity, etc.
Anthropometric measures and hemoglobin status of target children
Operations Research
Sampling
Random selection of beneficiaries (n=140) and non-beneficiaries (n=70)
Purposive sample of key informants (village level agriculture (n=60) and nutrition trainers (n=60) and master trainers in agriculture and nutrition (n=18)
Cross-sectional
Feedback to program implementers on what is working well and what could use some improvements
Inform the final design of the endline quantitative survey and additional qualitative research
Semi-structured interviews with beneficiaries, non-beneficiaries and key informants
Included questions related to implementation and uptake of key program activities including distribution, ownership and use of program inputs and related products, attendance, understanding and knowledge related to agriculture and nutrition training sessions, and preliminary outcome measures including dietary diversity and household food security
Project Timeline and Progress
Progress to date (program):
Village model farms established, production on-going
Household gardens established, production on-going
Household visits for BCC activities, on-going
Pilot of goat distribution (35 goats to 5 VMFs)
Progress to date (research):
Baseline data collection, analysis and report complete
Social network data collection complete, analysis on-going
Operations research data collection complete, analysis on-going
Endline survey to be conducted between February and April
2012
Household welfare
Assets Men hold fewer numbers of assets but the value of these assets is
much higher than assets held by women.
Livestock Men hold the majority of livestock both in number of animals, but
also in the value of these animals.
Expenditure Both total and adult equivalent total expenditures are slightly
larger in control villages than in the treatment villages.
control group villages also had higher expenditures in the meat and fish category and somewhat higher expenditures in the cereals and fruits categories.
Nutrition knowledge and status
Sub-optimal health and nutrition-related knowledge and practices
Introduction of liquids at 3 months of age
Introduction of semi-solid foods at 7 months of age
High levels of malnutrition
Stunted (HAZ <-2): 25%
Underweight (WAZ <-2): 33%
Wasted (WHZ < -2): 26%
Extremely high prevalence of anemia and severe anemia
Anemic (Hb <11.0 g/L): 88%
Severely Anemic (Hb <7.0 g/L):11%
Physical capital
85% of beneficiaries (compared to 4% of non-
beneficiaries) had a home garden and for 91% of
these women this was new since joining the program.
The vast majority of the women credit the program
with increasing the increasing production of
vegetables and 74% also thought the program had
increased production of chickens.
Ownership of family garden
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Owns garden Owns land forgarden
Allowed to usegarden
Makes decisionson produce
Managesrevenue
generated
Beneficiary
Husband
Joint
Use and decision-making related to
seeds and poultry
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Use: seeds Use: chickens Sell: seeds Sell: chickens Keep income:seeds
Keep income:chickens
Beneficiary
Husband
Ownership of goats
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Who owns Who takes care of Who makes saledecisions
Who makesconsumption
decision
Beneficiary
Husband
Joint
Financial capital
Less than half of the beneficiaries (n=56
respondents) reported selling any vegetables
(n=22), chickens (n=24) or eggs (n=2) - but of
those who did the majority reported that their
income related to these activities has increased due
to the HFP program.
Social capital
Village Model Farms
Some indication from the village farm leaders that they are building social capital through their leadership roles.
The majority of the beneficiaries work on village model farms – most reported positive interactions however there were some reports of conflicts.
Husbands supported their wives’ work both at the village model farm as well as in their home gardens
Behavior Change Communication
Conducted a social network census to examine the diffusion of knowledge through two types of behavior change communication strategies.
Human Capital
Beneficiaries had more agriculture-related
knowledge than non-beneficiaries
Beneficiaries had more nutrition-related knowledge
as compared to non-beneficiaries
Dietary diversity was higher among beneficiary
households, mothers and children < 2 years of age
as compared to non-beneficiaries
Next steps
Program
Implementation of suggested changes form the operations research and monitoring activities
Consider compensation for village level nutrition trainers
Address the water shortage prom
Repair boreholes
Establish small wells
Distribute more drip irrigation kits
Research
Finish analysis and report for the operations research
Finish analysis of social network census
Endline survey (Feb-Apr. 2012)
Design additional qualitative research around some key issues
Men’s knowledge and support of optimal health and nutrition practices
Land access and use issues
Time-related issues
Maintenance of control of resources by program beneficiaries
Ability to make decisions related to products such as vegetables, chickens and goats.
Implementation questions
What are some strategies that could be employed to ensure that women are able to retain management rights over assets given to them by the project?
What are some strategies to secure women’s access to land for home gardens?
HKI has been successful in securing land rights for the land donated for the community gardens – however, some were considered too small, or not fertile.
What are some other strategies to deal with water shortages?