Expert Systems

Expert SystemsExpert Systems

Sailendra SharmaSailendra Sharma

Rohan TamrkarRohan Tamrkar

Indira School Of Career DevelopmentIndira School Of Career Development

[email protected]@hotmail.com

IntroductionIntroductionA computer application that performs a task that would otherwise be A computer application that performs a task that would otherwise be performed by a human expert. For example, there are expert systems that performed by a human expert. For example, there are expert systems that can diagnose human illnesses, make financial forecasts, and schedule can diagnose human illnesses, make financial forecasts, and schedule routes for delivery vehicles. routes for delivery vehicles.

Some expert systems are designed to take the place of human experts, Some expert systems are designed to take the place of human experts, while others are designed to aid them. while others are designed to aid them.

Expert systems are part of a general category of computer applications Expert systems are part of a general category of computer applications known as known as artificial intelligenceartificial intelligence . .

To design an expert system, one needs a To design an expert system, one needs a knowledge engineer,knowledge engineer, an individual an individual who studies how human experts make decisions and translates the rules who studies how human experts make decisions and translates the rules into terms that a computer can understand. into terms that a computer can understand.


Expert systems are used to aidExpert systems are used to aid

Single point decisions. e.g. Planning Single point decisions. e.g. Planning

Designing. e.g. Design of an irrigation system Designing. e.g. Design of an irrigation system

Selection. e.g. The most suitable Crop variety or market outlet Selection. e.g. The most suitable Crop variety or market outlet

Diagnosis or identification. e.g. Of a livestock disorder Diagnosis or identification. e.g. Of a livestock disorder

Interpretation. e.g. Of a set of financial accounts Interpretation. e.g. Of a set of financial accounts

Prediction. e.g. of extreme events such as thunderstorms and frost; Prediction. e.g. of extreme events such as thunderstorms and frost;

A sequence of tactical decisions throughout a production cycle. e.g. plant A sequence of tactical decisions throughout a production cycle. e.g. plant protection and nutrition decisions, livestock feeding.protection and nutrition decisions, livestock feeding.


Components of an Expert SystemComponents of an Expert System

KnowledgeKnowledge

– – In various forms: associations, models, etc.In various forms: associations, models, etc.

StrategyStrategy

– – Exhaustive enumeration, on-line, etc.Exhaustive enumeration, on-line, etc.

ImplementationImplementation

– – Programs, pattern matching, rules, etc.Programs, pattern matching, rules, etc.


Particular decision problem Particular decision problem

As a stand – alone advisory system for the specific knowledge domain As a stand – alone advisory system for the specific knowledge domain perhaps with monitoring by a human expert perhaps with monitoring by a human expert

To provide decision – support for a high-level human expert To provide decision – support for a high-level human expert

To allow a high-level expert to be replaced by a subordinate expert aided by To allow a high-level expert to be replaced by a subordinate expert aided by the expert system the expert system

As a delivery system for extension information As a delivery system for extension information

To provide management education for decision makers To provide management education for decision makers

For dissemination of up-to-date scientific information in a readily accessible For dissemination of up-to-date scientific information in a readily accessible and easily understood form, to agricultural researchers and advisers. and easily understood form, to agricultural researchers and advisers.


Logic flow of the expert system Logic flow of the expert system

The part of the plant where symptoms have been the observed is The part of the plant where symptoms have been the observed is given by the extension officer given by the extension officer

The basic symptoms are given as input; The basic symptoms are given as input;

Considering these symptoms the user is expected to give further Considering these symptoms the user is expected to give further information based on other visual symptoms information based on other visual symptoms

At this step the disease and pest are identified At this step the disease and pest are identified

The user is then given the option to either stop or further The user is then given the option to either stop or further diagnose and other disease / pest or get preventive or curative diagnose and other disease / pest or get preventive or curative measures on these. measures on these.


AdvantagesAdvantages

Have the ability to imitate human thought and reasoning Have the ability to imitate human thought and reasoning

Make modification of knowledge very convenient Make modification of knowledge very convenient

Ability of interpretation and transparency makes interaction more Ability of interpretation and transparency makes interaction more user friendly user friendly

With the machine learning technique knowledge can be acquired With the machine learning technique knowledge can be acquired automatically and directly from experimental data and real time automatically and directly from experimental data and real time examples examples

Provide expert level recommendations understandable to users Provide expert level recommendations understandable to users

Have the ability to handle uncertain information Have the ability to handle uncertain information


Indian Expert SystemsIndian Expert SystemsRice-CropRice-Crop

National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE) has National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE) has developed an expert system to diagnose pests and diseases for rice crop developed an expert system to diagnose pests and diseases for rice crop and suggest preventive/curative measures.and suggest preventive/curative measures.

The rice crop doctor illustrates the use of expert-systems broadly in the The rice crop doctor illustrates the use of expert-systems broadly in the area of agriculture and more specifically in the area of rice production area of agriculture and more specifically in the area of rice production through development of a prototype, taking into consideration a few major through development of a prototype, taking into consideration a few major pests and diseases and some deficiency problems limiting rice yield.pests and diseases and some deficiency problems limiting rice yield.

The diseases included are rice blast, brown spots, sheath blight, The diseases included are rice blast, brown spots, sheath blight, rice tungro virus, false smut fungi, bacterial leaf blight, sheath rot rice tungro virus, false smut fungi, bacterial leaf blight, sheath rot and zinc deficiency disease. and zinc deficiency disease.

The pests included are stem borers, rice gall midge, brown plant The pests included are stem borers, rice gall midge, brown plant hopper, rice leaf folder, green leaf hopper and Gundhi bug. hopper, rice leaf folder, green leaf hopper and Gundhi bug.


ConclusionConclusionThe Expert system must be developed in local languages which will help the The Expert system must be developed in local languages which will help the Farmers to develop their own expertise which in turn will enhance the Farmers to develop their own expertise which in turn will enhance the production and productivity of Agriculture. production and productivity of Agriculture.

These expert systems must be available in village booths which act as These expert systems must be available in village booths which act as information resource center for the farmers in the villages.information resource center for the farmers in the villages.

Manager should promote the development of expert systems and act as a Manager should promote the development of expert systems and act as a co-orientating /nodal agency and also motivate and train people to make co-orientating /nodal agency and also motivate and train people to make best use of expert systems. best use of expert systems.

Manager may play a crucial role in encouraging and promoting extension Manager may play a crucial role in encouraging and promoting extension departments, NGO’s to serve people better by adopting expert systems as departments, NGO’s to serve people better by adopting expert systems as critical component of cyber extension.critical component of cyber extension.


Thank YouThank You


Technology

Expert Systems