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Mobile Network Security: stato dell’arte ed oltre
Festival Della Tecnologia ICT Milano, 18.09.2013
Version: 1.0 Author: L. Bongiorni Responsible: L. Bongiorni Date: 18.09.2013 Confidentiality Class: Public
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
SEC Consult– Who we are
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• Founded 2002 • Headquarters near Vienna,
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with global business (esp. out of Top-10 US and European software vendors)
• 35+ application security experts • Industry focus banks, software
vendors, government
USA
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
3
Luca Bongiorni
ü Security Consultant ü Telco Enthusiast ü Interests: break stuff ,
lockpicking & collect PayPhones
Work at . . .
!
!a company
Who am I
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
La Rete GSM
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A tutt'oggi, sebbene progettualmente datato (1987), lo standard di radio-comunicazione cellulare più diffuso al mondo è il GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), esso conta, infatti, oltre 4.4 miliardi di
utenti in più di 200 stati.
Esso ha garantito negli anni, la possibilità di comunicare mantenendo un'efficiente mobilità, grazie la quale è massivamente utilizzato non
solo dalla gente comune, ma anche da criminali ed organizzazioni terroristiche.
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Negli ultimi 5 anni un gran numero di Progetti OpenSource ed Attacchi Pratici sono stati resi pubblici…
GSM + OpenSource == FUN
Um Passive Sniffing A5/1 Cracking
Um Active MITM RachDoS
IMSI-Detach GPRS Sniffing
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
• IMSI-Catcher: • Known Victim Mode (Italia) • GPRS & Data Connections
• GPRS Passive Sniffing: • XXXXX (EU Nation 1) • Wind (Italia) • XXXXX (EU Nation 2)
• What’s Next?! • GSM-R (Catching & DoSsing)
Alcuni Casi di Studio…
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
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Vulnerabilità Architetturali Sfruttate
• No Mutua Autenticazione o La rete autentica la MS e non viceversa
• Mobilità degli utenti o Il segnale più forte vince (Cell Selection e Reselection) o Location Update forzato (if LACPLMN != LACIMSI-Catcher
then swtich to IMSI-Catcher)
• La Cifratura è Opzionale o A5/0 No Encryption
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Prototipo
Lab’s Configuration
IMSI-Catcher: Il Prototipo
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Location Disclosure
Catch-and-Relay
CallerIDvittima
Lista Città ed IMSI
Local Area
Known Victim Mode (Italia)
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
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Known Victim Mode (Italia): Location Disclosure
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
+ CRO = 63 (max) + T3212 = 0
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Known Victim Mode (Italia): Catch & Relay
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
• Spoofing CallerID
• Intercettazione Chiamate ed SMS in uscita
• Dirottamento Chiamate d’Emergenza
Qualche Risultato…
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
What happens if we JAM the UMTS & LTE frequencies?!
Le GSM: “Welcome back my dear”
Le UE: “Nice to meet you again sir GSM”
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Interoperabilità con UMTS & LTE
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
E’ una Picocella commerciale sviluppata da ip.Access 100% compatibile con OpenBSC (software OpenSource)
GPRS [the newest one, also EDGE]
Encryption A5/1 – A5/2 IP connection
PoE powered PCS band (1900 MHz)
Welcome home IMSI-Catcher 2.0
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Cosa potremmo mai farci?! Uhm… Attacchi Man-In-The-Middle verso interessanti ME!
• Video Poker • Point-Of-Sale • Smart Meters • SCADA Remote Stations
• Mobile HotSpots
A quale scopo?! Principalmente tutti gli attacchi disponibili tramite TCP/IP!
• Sniffing communications (e.g. Wireshark + SSLstrip) • Hijacking trusted connections (e.g. Stealing Credentials) • Deploying malicious software (e.g. Squid + Metasploit) • Malware Analysis • Protocol Analysis • Etc.
What about UMTS and LTE?!
• Alarm Systems
IMSI-Catcher 2.0 for Fun & Profit
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Esempio: Point-Of-Sale 2G (test preliminare)
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Cosa potremmo mai farci?! Uhm… Man-In-The-Middle Attacks verso interessanti ME!
• Video Poker • Point-Of-Sale
• Smart Meters • SCADA Remote Stations
• Mobile HotSpots
A quale scopo? Principalmente tutti gli attacchi disponibili tramite TCP/IP!
• Alarm Systems
IMSI-Catcher 2.0 for Fun & Profit
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2G Antenna
• Sniffing communications (e.g. Wireshark + SSLstrip) • Hijacking trusted connections (e.g. Stealing Credentials) • Deploying malicious software (e.g. Squid + Metasploit) • Malware Analysis • Protocol Analysis • Etc.
What about UMTS and LTE?!
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Cosa potremmo mai farci?! Uhm… Man-In-The-Middle Attacks verso interessanti ME!
• Point-Of-Sale
• Smart Meters • SCADA Remote Stations
• Mobile HotSpots
A quale scopo? Principalmente tutti gli attacchi disponibili tramite TCP/IP!
• Alarm Systems
IMSI-Catcher 2.0 for Fun & Profit
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• Video Poker
• Sniffing communications (e.g. Wireshark + SSLstrip) • Hijacking trusted connections (e.g. Stealing Credentials) • Deploying malicious software (e.g. Squid + Metasploit) • Malware Analysis • Protocol Analysis • Etc.
What about UMTS and LTE?!
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Cosa potremmo mai farci?! Uhm… Man-In-The-Middle Attacks verso interessanti ME!
• Point-Of-Sale
• SCADA Remote Stations • Mobile HotSpots
A quale scopo? Principalmente tutti gli attacchi disponibili tramite TCP/IP!
• Alarm Systems
IMSI-Catcher 2.0 for Fun & Profit
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• Video Poker • Smart Meters
• Sniffing communications (e.g. Wireshark + SSLstrip) • Hijacking trusted connections (e.g. Stealing Credentials) • Deploying malicious software (e.g. Squid + Metasploit) • Malware Analysis • Protocol Analysis • Etc.
What about UMTS and LTE?!
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Cosa potremmo mai farci?! Uhm… Man-In-The-Middle Attacks verso interessanti ME!
A quale scopo? Principalmente tutti gli attacchi disponibili tramite TCP/IP!
IMSI-Catcher 2.0 for Fun & Profit
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• Smart Meters
• Point-Of-Sale
• SCADA Remote Stations
• Mobile HotSpots • Alarm Systems
• Video Poker
• Sniffing communications (e.g. Wireshark + SSLstrip) • Hijacking trusted connections (e.g. Stealing Credentials) • Deploying malicious software (e.g. Squid + Metasploit) • Malware Analysis • Protocol Analysis • Etc.
What about UMTS and LTE?!
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Cosa potremmo mai farci?! Uhm… Man-In-The-Middle Attacks verso interessanti ME!
A quale scopo? Principalmente tutti gli attacchi disponibili tramite TCP/IP!
IMSI-Catcher 2.0 for Fun & Profit
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• Smart Meters
• Point-Of-Sale
• SCADA Remote Stations
• Alarm Systems
• Video Poker
• Mobile HotSpots
• Sniffing communications (e.g. Wireshark + SSLstrip) • Hijacking trusted connections (e.g. Stealing Credentials) • Deploying malicious software (e.g. Squid + Metasploit) • Malware Analysis • Protocol Analysis • Etc.
What about UMTS and LTE?!
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Cosa potremmo mai farci?! Uhm… Man-In-The-Middle Attacks verso interessanti ME!
A quale scopo? Principalmente tutti gli attacchi disponibili tramite TCP/IP!
IMSI-Catcher 2.0 for Fun & Profit
23
• Smart Meters
• Point-Of-Sale
• SCADA Remote Stations
• Video Poker
• Mobile HotSpots
• Sniffing communications (e.g. Wireshark + SSLstrip) • Hijacking trusted connections (e.g. Stealing Credentials) • Deploying malicious software (e.g. Squid + Metasploit) • Malware Analysis • Protocol Analysis • Etc.
What about UMTS and LTE?!
• Alarm Systems
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Catturare ed Intercettare un modem LTE
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
“GPRS Intercept Wardriving phone networks” by Nohl & Melette, 2011
They patched OsmocomBB and developed GPRSDecode to analyze GPRS packets.
http://tinyurl.com/gprs-nohl-slides
Alcuni Casi di Studio...
GPRS Passive Sniffing
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Col fine di stimolare traffico dati, é stato utilizzato un vecchio modem GPRS Telit MG-10.
Come sniffer invece, un Pirelli DP-L10 con un firmware ad-hoc basato su Osmocom-BB.
GPRS Passive Sniffing XXXXX (EU Nation 1)
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
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GPRS Passive Sniffing Wind (Italia)
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
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GPRS Passive Sniffing Wind (Italia)
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
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GPRS Passive Sniffing Wind (Italia) Analisi del 14/09/2013 del canale ARFCN 983
(222-88 – Wind Italia)
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Quale tipologia di sevizio potrebbe utilizzare le reti cellulari come mezzo di comunicazione?
GPRS Passive Sniffing: XXXXX (EU Nation 2)
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
“Securing your World. G4S is the world’s leading international security solutions group”
From http://www.g4s.com/
GPRS Passive Sniffing: XXXXX (EU Nation 2)
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
What’s Next?: GSM-R Catching
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
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What’s Next?: GSM-R DoSsing
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Fine
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© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
Bibliografia & Link
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http://www.openbts.org http://openbsc.osmocom.org http://bb.osmocom.org https://srlabs.de/gprs http://tinyurl.com/gprs-nohl-slides http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqjnhKYEDs0 http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/WO2008104739 http://www.tombom.co.uk/blog/?p=262 http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/101100_101199/101181/08.05.00_60/ts_101181v080500p.pdf
Ringrazio le community di OpenBTS & Osmocom e tutti i ricercatori che hanno reso le reti cellulari piú
interessanti!
© 2013 SEC Consult– All rights reserved
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