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Study on recommended fixed-guideway transportation options for the Las Vegas valley.
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Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 1
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region
Alan Hoffman [email protected]
11 June 2009
Getting from Here to There
Presentation to the Regional Transportation Commission of Southern Nevada
THE MISSION GROUP1250 SIXTH AVENUE • SUITE 214 • SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92101
TEL (619) 232-1776 • FAX (619) 374-2785 • WWW.MISSIONGROUPONLINE.COM
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 2
Sustainable Development
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 3
What Kind of Network Would Get Us There?
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 4
Connectivity: The Double Challenge
Connect as many places that matter in as few years as
possible
Place access where it needs to be, not “near” where it
needs to be
Shape regional growth and solve regional problems
The system really becomes useful and convenient
GOAL: GOAL:
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 5
Transit & Land Use: Weak Strategy
If transit systems are unable to provide superior connectivity among a core set of points, they are unlikely to shape
the future growth of that region.
If you haven’t made transit a convenient means of travel among key regional centers
and destinations…
Don’t expect transit to shape urban growth, as the
auto will remain the defining transportation mode.
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 6
Transit & Land Use: Strong Strategy
Cities that develop strategies to connect their component parts as quickly as possible create truly useful transit
systems—and markets tend to respond to such usefulness.
If you figure out a way to hook your principle centers together
as directly, rapidly, and frequently as possible…
…then transit can begin to shape urban growth, given the usefulness of that system to
its region.
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 7
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 8
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 9
Is All Rail Light Rail?
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 10
Light Rail
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 11
Heavy Rail
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 12
Commuter Rail
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 13
High Speed Rail
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 14
Streetcar
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 15
Health Line BRT – Cleveland
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 16
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 17
LRT/Heavy Rail & Most BRT
Dense Corridors
Extensive Feeders
Relatively Short Trips
Special Events
Well-Located Stations
Especially Effective: Challenges:
Redevelopment Zones
LRT/Heavy Rail & Most BRTLRT/Heavy Rail & Most BRTLRT/Heavy Rail & Most BRTLRT/Heavy Rail & Most BRT
Transit-Dependents
Available Right-of-Way
Operating Subsidies
Serving Dispersed Zones
Serving the Periphery
Costs of “Getting Closer”
Getting Residents to Ride
Attracting Choice Riders
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 18
Commuter Rail
Long-Distance Commutes
Trades Off Frequency for Speed
Often Require Distribution Networks
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 19
StreetcarStreetcar
Supports Linear (Not Nodal) Development
Excellent for Local Distribution & Short Trips
Often Confused with Light Rail
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 20
The Great Strategic Choice:
Force or Attract
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 21
Calgary: The Highest Ridership
Light Rail System in the U.S./Canada
Calgary: The Highest Ridership
Light Rail System in the U.S./Canada
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 22
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 23
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 24
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 25
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 26
Transit Adjacent Development
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 27
Poor integration with surrounding land uses Poor integration with surrounding land uses
Requires Extensive Feeder System
Requires Extensive Feeder System
Some Transit-Adjacent, but Little True
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)
Some Transit-Adjacent, but Little True
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)
Little Impact Outside the Downtown: Challenge to Planners
Little Impact Outside the Downtown: Challenge to Planners
Calgary: Forcing Ridership
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 28
How Do You Attract Someone to Transit?
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 29
Findings from Market Research
“… quickly and don’t make me wait…”
NEXT VEHICLE: < 10 minutes
“Get me from point A to point B…”
A B
“…and I want to feel good about it.”
1/6 will never use
transit
1/6 prefer transit
2/3 will use transit if and when it
meets their needs:
Network Structure
(Connectivity)
System Performance
(Time)
Customer Experience
ATLANTA
SAN DIEGO
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 30
Building Effective Transit
How Do We Connect the
Region?
How Do We Connect the
Region?
How Can We Make Transit Faster than
Driving?
How Can We Make Transit Faster than
Driving?
How Do We Reduce Wait
Time?
How Do We Reduce Wait
Time?
How Can We Ensure People Will Respond
to It?
How Can We Ensure People Will Respond
to It?
If transit can be not merely convenient or useful, but indispensable, it can add to quality of life—and create real value.
“… quickly and don’t make me wait…”
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�����������
“Get me from point A to point B…”
A B
“…and I want to feel good about it.”
Network Structure
(Connectivity)
System Performance
(Time)
Customer Experience
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 31
Los Angeles: A Cautionary Tale
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 32
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 33
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 34
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 35
To get to LAX from Panorama City via
Rapid Transit:
1. Local Bus2. Metro Orange
Line BRT3. Metro Red Line
Heavy Rail4. Metro Blue Line
Light Rail5. Metro Green Line
Light Rail6. Shuttle Bus
Stopping at all stops!
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 36
It’s Not the Mode, It’s the Network
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 37
Build It…But Do They Ride?
A dozen of the county's most powerful civic leaders— including the mayor of Los Angeles, L.A. City Council members and county supervisors—touted the latest and glitziest new development in Hollywood: the planned W Hotel and apartments at the storied corner of Hollywood and Vine.
This project, they pledged at the groundbreaking earlier this year, would restore a sagging neighborhood while also minimizing traffic—an important promise in increasingly gridlocked Hollywood.
“People could live here and never use their cars,” declared MTA Chief Executive Roger Snoble at the February event.
It’s a vision expressed frequently by local government officials, who see building large mixed-use developments next to mass transit lines as a key solution for not just the region's traffic congestion but also its spread-out geography and reputation for being unfriendly to pedestrians.
In Los Angeles alone, billions of public and private dollars have been lavished on transit-oriented projects such as Hollywood & Vine, with more than 20,000 residential units approved within a
Near the rails but still on the roadResearch casts doubt on the region's strategy of pushing transit-oriented residential projects to get people out of cars.
quarter mile of transit stations between 2001 and 2005.But there is little research to back up the rosy predictions.
Among the few academic studies of the subject, one that looked at buildings in the Los Angeles area showed that transit-based development successfully weaned relatively few residents from their cars. It also found that, over time, no more people in the buildings studied were taking transit 10 years after a project opened than when it was first built.
June 30, 2007
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 38
San Diego: Household Density
Existing Light Rail (Trolley)
Planned
Households per Acre
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 39
Mission Valley
¼ mile radius of Station
Major non-retail employment
Actual land area within 5-minute walk of station
Mission Valley, because of its shape, appears to be a linear corridor, and hence well-servicable by light rail.
Mission Valley, because of its shape, appears to be a linear corridor, and hence well-servicable by light rail.
In fact, Mission Valley is much thicker than a tradi- tional transit corridor. All but a small share of non- retail employment is within a 1/4 mile radius of a station, let alone 1/6 mile.
In fact, Mission Valley is much thicker than a tradi- tional transit corridor. All but a small share of non- retail employment is within a 1/4 mile radius of a station, let alone 1/6 mile.
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 40
½ Mile½ Mile
¼ Mile Radius ¼ Mile Radius
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 41
How Much Time Do You Have?
Source for times: Best case light rail trip from www.sdcommute.com
1:55
6 M
ILES
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 42
“Choice Riders” on the Trolley
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0% 1995 2003
% of Trolley Riders Who “Had an Auto Available” for Their Trip
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 43
It’s About the Network
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 44
Connecting Enough Places (both Origins & Destinations)
Connecting Enough Places (both Origins & Destinations)
Station Location Station
LocationTravel Time for
Longer Trips Travel Time for
Longer Trips
45
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
Rapid Transit Long- Range Strategy Program
46
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
Characterizing the Transit Challenge
“The Box” Residential density
“The Core” Most employment
“Beyond the Box” Lower housing density
but 2/3 of residents
47
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
Characterizing the Transit Challenge
“The Box” Higher residential
densities but only 1/3 of region’s residents
2005 Population Density2005 Population Density2005 Employment Density2005 Employment Density2005 Population Density2005 Population Density
48
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
2005 Employment Density2005 Employment Density2005 Employment Density2005 Employment Density Characterizing the Transit Challenge
“The Box” Residential density
“The Core” 45% of regional
employment
49
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
Characterizing the Transit Challenge
“The Box” Residential density
“The Core” Most employment
Grid Transit “makes sense”
“Beyond the Box” Lower housing density
Frontdoor
vs. Backdoor
How to “collect”
people?
50
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
2 mile radius
LAS VEGAS REGIONAL EXPRESS TRANSIT SYSTEM
StationStop
The ACExpress
Network is the region’s rapid express system. It connects specially-located stations (mostly Beyond the Box) with the key stations in the Core.
ACExpress
stations will be designed to appeal to both auto-access and transit-
access markets. They are located so that most residents of the urbanized areas Beyond the Box are within two miles of a station.
51
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
LAS VEGAS REGIONAL EXPRESS TRANSIT SYSTEM
52
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
���������������������������������������
53
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
Rapid Transit Connectors
�����������������������������
54
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
Streetcar Opportunities
Approximate Streetcar
Opportunity Zone
55
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
Freeway-Based
Arterial Treatments
Intense Treatments, including possibly grade separation
Idealized Infrastructure
56
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
Idealized Transit Infrastructure Projects
(Grade Separations)
57
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
Idealized Transit Infrastructure Projects
(Grade Separations)
Staging
The advantage of transit- supportive grade separations is that, properly done, they can be staged and produce immediate benefit for not just one route or direction but multiple routes traveling in multiple directions, like this example at Sahara and Las Vegas Boulevard.
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 58
Brisbane: Quickways
“Brisbane is now at the leading edge in urban mass transit… the new busway… will attract international attention for the level of quality and customer focus that [has been] incorporated.”
— Hans Rat, Secretary General International Public Transport Association (IUTP)
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 59
Anatomy of a QuickwayAnatomy of a Quickway
Full Grade Separation
from Autos & Pedestrians
Full Grade Separation
from Autos & Pedestrians
Passing Lanes
at Stations
Passing Lanes
at Stations
Full-on “Rapid
Transit” Stations
Full-on “Rapid
Transit” Stations
High- Speed Road
Geometries
High- Speed Road
Geometries
Access is restricted to
trained drivers only
Access is restricted to
trained drivers only
Stations are directly tied
to supportive land uses
Stations are directly tied
to supportive land uses
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 60
What Makes Quickways Different?
TimeTimeTime Operating Costs (Subsidy)
Operating Costs (Subsidy)
Ridership (Revenues)
Ridership (Revenues)
Quickways systematically and continuously reduce transit travel time so as to better manage operating costs and attract large numbers of new riders.
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 61
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 62
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 63
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 64
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 65
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 66
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 67
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 68
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 69
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 70
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 71
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 72
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 73
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 74
Brisbane relies on significant use of tunnels to produce a Quickway infrastructure that is fast and direct, reducing bus operating costs and attracting more riders due to time savings.
Brisbane relies on significant use of tunnels to produce a Quickway infrastructure that is fast and direct, reducing bus operating costs and attracting more riders due to time savings.
© 2005 by The Mission Group
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 75
Brisbane rejected the use of freeway medians or roadways for its core Quickways to speed
access and better locate stations.
Brisbane rejected the use of freeway medians or roadways for its core Quickways to speed
access and better locate stations.
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 76
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 77
Comparison: Peak Ridership
6-Lane Freeway Southeast Busway (2-lane)
SD Trolley
7,800 18,000 2,700
at the Busiest Spot during the Busiest Hour in the Peak Direction
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 78
140%
120%
Brisbane: Ridership Growth
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%2003 2008
+ 50%
2008 Ridership:
Rail: 60 million
Busway: 50 million
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 79
Brisbane vs Las Vegas
Tunnel
Surface
Bridge
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 80
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 81
TOD Planning in Brisbane:Complete urban redesign of districts surrounding rapid transit stations focused on transit and pedestrian connectivity and scalable projects. Major arterials are re-routed and a shopping mall potentially cut in half!
Option “A” Option “B”
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 82
Regionally Effective Transit:
Save People Time
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 83
Einstein discovers that time is actually money.
Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region© 2009 by The Mission Group 84
Standard “Light Rail Lite” BRT
Quickway Network Structure• Fewer Transfers—More “one seat” rides.• Fewer Stops—Combination of expresses and
“split” arterial services, driven by demand.• Faster Trips—Often faster than driving.• Shorter Waits—Higher ridership drives demand.
• Many trips involve transfers• Stops at every station on route• Stations need to be far apart to gain running time,
but that often means that many areas along the corridors are not within an easy walk of a station.
• Passenger loads are often unbalanced, resulting in crowded sections.
85
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
Transit Travel Times to Flamingo & The Strip (June 2008)
TODAYGOAL
1:13
64%0:26
0:30
67%0:10
0:39
59%0:16
0:46
63%0:17
1:30
69%0:28
0:46
65%0:16
0:46
61%0:18
1:06
86%0:09
TIME SAVINGS
0:46
65%0:16
Arrive by 3:45 pm for 4:00 pm shift
1:25
67%0:28
86
Fixed-Guideway TransitJune 2009
Transit Travel Times to Downtown (June 2008)
TODAYGOALTIME
SAVINGS
Arrive by 3:45 pm for 4:00 pm shift
0:44
61%0:17
1:19
75%0:20
1:10
64%0:25
0:40
50%0:20
0:50
60%0:20
0:20
65%0:07
1:11
75%0:18
0:38
74%0:10
0:35
46%0:19
1:13
64%0:26
0:30
67%0:10
0:39
59%0:16
0:46
63%0:17
1:30
69%0:28
0:46
65%0:16
0:46
61%0:18
1:06
86%0:09
0:46
65%0:16
1:25
67%0:28