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This present was prepared for the National Registry of Environmental Professionals’ 2011 Annual Conference. The Conference was held in Las Vegas, October 3 – 5, 2011.
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2011 NREP/OIP Annual Conference
October 2011
David P. Horowitz, P.E., CSP
Tighe & Bond413.572.3211 (office)413.250.2487 (cell)Twitter @[email protected]
Tighe & Bond – A 2011 Best Firm!
Flammable/Combustible Storage – Impact of the Energy Policy Act
International Symbol for ‘Choke’
Here’s My Favorite Team
Agenda - Storage Tank Flow Chart
Storage Tank Flow Chart
Aboveground Storage Tanks - Oil
■ SPCC (Federal - Only for oil)– 40 CFR 112
■ AST Requirements– NFPA 30 & 31 (National Code –
most states)
■ Oil-filled electrical equipment
■ Most states require registration (local)
■ Many states require tightness testing
Applicable Code - NFPA
■ “… reduce the worldwide burden of fire and other hazards on the quality of life by providing and advocating consensus codes and standards, research, training and education”
■ National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)– NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Code– NFPA 30A: Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and
Repair Garages– NFPA 31: Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment
Applicable Code - UL
■ … an independent, not-for-profit product-safety testing and certification organization.
■ Underwriters Laboratory Inc. (UL)– UL 80: Standard for Steel Tanks for Oil-Burner
Fuel– UL 142: Standard for Steel Aboveground
Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids– UL 2085: Standard for Protected
Aboveground Tanks fro Flammable and Combustible Liquids
– UL 1316: Standard for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Underground Storage Tanks for Petroleum Products
Flammable/Combustible
Agency/Organization
Flash Point
(To be considered Flammable)
OSHA/NFPA ≤ 100°F
EPA ≤ 140°F
(Ignitability)
DOT < 141°F
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Planning Requirements
Aboveground Oil Storage
SPCC Regulations 101
■ Oil Storage
■ 1,320 Gallons (above ground)
■ SPCC Plan
■ 2002 Regulatory Changes
■ Subsequent Regulatory Changes
Integrity Testing – Industry Standards
■ API 653 – Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction
■ API 575 – Inspection of Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Tanks
■ API 570 – Piping Inspection Code■ ASME B31.3 – Process Piping■ ASME 31.4 – Liquid Transportation Systems for
Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia and Alcohols
■ STI SP001 – Standard for the Inspection of Aboveground Storage Tanks
■ UL 142 – Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Integrity Testing – Steel Tank Institute
SP001
ISSUED SEPTEMBER 2011
5th EDITION
Applicable federal, state ……
■ 40 CFR 112 – SPCC■ 40 CFR 261 – Hazardous Waste■ 40 CFR 279 – Used Oil■ 40 CFR 280 - USTs■ 40 CFR 372 - EPCRA■ NFPA 30/30A – Flammable & Combustible Liquids■ NFPA 31 – Oil-Burning Equipment■ UL 80■ UL 142 ■ UL 2085■ UL 1316 – Tank Construction■ State■ Local
SP001 – AST Categories
SP001 – Inspection Schedule
STI Inspection Results
ASTs
Normal Venting
Emergency Venting
Spill Containers
Overfill Prevention
Interstice
Compliance Issues
Why?
Why?
Ultra-Sonic Thickness Testing
Ideal Installation – Single Wall Tank
Ideal Installation – Double Wall Tank
Ideal Installation – Generator Tank
Observation Results
■ 200+ Tanks observed for tank integrity
■ One* with >75% wall thickness losses– Compared to existing
standards
■ Some with evident corrosion– Interior of double wall– External
FIN
DIN
GS
Observation Results
■ Most with regulatory, code compliance, operational issues– Vent heights & vent
configuration/operation– No overfill protection/Level detection
devices– Not UL 142 standard construction– No spill prevention devices– Improper protection from vehicular
impact
■ Consistent with Florida Leak Autopsy Study (FLAS)– Mott-Smith Consulting Group
FIN
DIN
GS
Storage Tank Flow Chart
Underground Storage Tanks - Oil
■ UST Requirements (Federal)– 40 CFR 280 (UST Regulations)– 40 CFR 281 & 282 (State Approval)
■ UST Requirements (States)– Often cite NFPA 30 & 31
■ Most states require registration (local)
■ Many states require tightness testing
Question?
■ What is the minimum tank volume for applicability under 40 CFR 280?
■ 110 Gallons– 40 CFR 280.10(b)(4)
Energy Policy Act of 2005
■ Underground Storage Tank Compliance Act of 2005
■ Reduce releases to environment
■ Focus on preventing releases
■ Expanded Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund
■ Inspections, operator training, delivery prohibition, secondary containment and financial responsibility
The Big Picture
■ 611,500 USTs
■ 223,000 sites
■ 2/3 of active USTs are compliant
■ UST releases declining
The Big Picture
Underground Storage Tank Systems
Inspection Overview
■ Facility Records
■ Spill Protection
■ Overfill Prevention
■ Tank Leak Detection
■ Piping Leak Detection
■ Corrosion Protection
Records Review
■ Pre-Inspection– Federal
» Financial Assurance– State
» Environmental Registry– Local
» Fire Department Permits» Registration
– Facility» Inventory Monitoring» Release Prevention
■ Inspection– Verify record documents
match registries
Financial Assurance
■ Use state financial assurance funds
■ Obtain insurance coverage■ Obtain a guarantee■ Obtain a surety bond■ Obtain a letter of credit■ Pass a financial test■ Set up a trust fund
■ Local, State & Feds = OK!
Spill Buckets
■ Below Grade Spill Buckets– Sits under access hand hole, not exposed to elements, plows
Overfill Prevention
Automatic Shut Off
Ball Float Vent
High Level Alarm
Tank Leak Detection
■ Interstitial Monitoring
■ Automatic Tank Gauging– Continuous In-Tank Leak Detection System (CLSD)
■ Manual Tank Gauging– ≤2,000 gallons
■ Statistical Inventory Reconciliation (SIR)– Vendor or approved in-house data analysis – 2 year tightness testing interval
■ Soil Vapor Monitoring– Site assessment
■ Groundwater Monitoring– Site assessment
Piping Leak Detection
■ Interstitial Monitoring
■ Automatic Line Leak Detectors (ALLD)
■ European Suction– Check valve immediately
beneath pump/dispenser
■ American Suction– Check valve at UST
■ Tightness Testing– 3 year interval
Corrosion Protection
■ Galvanic Protection– STI-P3– 3 Year NACE Inspection
» -0.850 Volt, soil to tank potential
■ Impressed Current– 60 day Operator Inspection– Annual NACE Inspection
■ Non-Metal Construction– Clad Steel Tanks– FRP
Inspection Shortfalls
■ Shear Valves
■ Vapor Recovery
■ Regulatory Confusion
Water in the Sump?
Typical Deficiencies – 175+ USTs Observed (No Retail)
Deficiency % Identified
Maintenance 91%
Financial Assurance 84%
Sump Monitoring 66%
Registration 61%
Overfill Prevention 38%
Cathodic Protection 18%
Double Wall Piping Issues 12%
Shear Valve 11%
‘Extra’ Vents 6%
Operator Training - FUTURE
■ Required by August 8, 2012– Three classes of operator
■ Owner/Operator Inspections– Monthly– Semi-annual– Annual
