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Geographical Location of Bangladesh
Bangladesh
The Ganges, Brahmaputra & Meghna Basins
Country
Ganges Basin Brahmaputra Basin Meghna Basin
Area
(sqkm) %
Area
(sqkm) %
Area
(sqkm) %
Bangladesh 39,726 4.0 38,956 7.0 31,859 41.1
India 770,197 77.3 197,504 35.7 44,934 58.0
Nepal 149,417 15.0 1,324 0.2
Bhutan 41,324 7.5
China 36,941 3.7 273,539 49.5
Myanmar 690 0.9
Total 996,281 552,646 77,483
Digital Elevation Model of . DEM of Bangladesh
SRTM 90m
SRTM, 90m
Complex River Network
River System: 24,000 km,
57 trans-boundary rivers
• Highest in Sylhet (> 6,000mm)
• Lowest in Rajshahi
Rainfall in Cherrapunji, Meghalaya - Home of Clouds
The wettest place in the World, Annual
Average 12,000mm, max 26,442 (1861)
• Monsoon rainfall
• Spring snow melt
• Deforestation in Nepal & Tibet
• Soil Erosion
• Low topography in
• River silted up
• Cyclones/CC/SLR
Snow melting in
Himalays
Deforestation
in Nepal
Flood in Bangladesh
River Flood
Flash Flood
Rain-fed Flood
Tidal Flood
Unique geographical locations
Excess runoff from U/S
Low topography , River siltation
Sea swell during monsoon
Low gradients of major rivers; Gan – 3cm/km, BPutra –
8cm/km and Meg- 3cm/km
Catastrophic floods: 1987,1988, 1998, 2004
Casualties in 1998 floods • Over 60% area inundated
• Over 30 million people affected
• Over 4300 km of roads damaged
• Food grain loss 2.2 million tons
• 270 thousands fish farms washed away
• More than 3000 industries were affected
Floods in Bangladesh
Every year about 20 % of the cultivable
area is inundated more than one meter
about 4 to 6 months period
Situation deteriorates during floods of
higher magnitude
Flooding reduces economical activities and enhances poverty
Water Level Comparison (1988, 1998, 2004)
Water level comparable with
those of 1998 in Ganges and
Jamuna
Major 3 Floods in Bangladesh
Bahadurabad on the Jamuna River
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.0
20.5
16-May 31-May 15-Jun 30-Jun 15-Jul 30-Jul 14-Aug 29-Aug 13-Sep 28-Sep
Date
Wa
ter
Le
ve
l (m
PW
D)
1998
2004
1988
Hardinge Bridge on the Ganges River
6.5
7.5
8.5
9.5
10.5
11.5
12.5
13.5
14.5
15.5
16-May 31-May 15-Jun 30-Jun 15-Jul 30-Jul 14-Aug 29-Aug 13-Sep 28-Sep
Date
Wa
ter
Le
ve
l (m
PW
D)
2004 1998
1988
Bhagyakul on the Padma River
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
16-May 31-May 15-Jun 30-Jun 15-Jul 30-Jul 14-Aug 29-Aug 13-Sep 28-Sep
Date
Wa
ter
Le
ve
l (m
PW
D)
1998
1988
2004
Niketon area, Gulshan-1
Flood in 2004
Houses beside Hatirjheel
Pump Drainage
Motijheel Area
Flood 2007
Flood in Bangladesh – Few Shots 2007
Damage to infrastructure goes higher even with flood of lower
magnitude
Comparison of Losses Resulting from Recent Floods
Risk Factors with respect of Water Induced Disaster
Low lying area, 80% area below 9.0m
Flat topography, mild to low slope (10-20cm/km)
Located at the outfall of 3 mighty rivers
Large coastal exposures, east to west along the south
High population density
Infrastructure development and rapid urbanization
Limited coverage of flood forecasting
Limited disaster preparedness capability, e.g limited
flood shelters
The geographical location
and average land levels of
Bangladesh are conducive
to Flood, Erosion, Storm
Surge
Average inundation 22%
68% area inundated in 1998
About 1/4 th of the country susceptible to tidal surges
Over 3000 km river bank will be eroded by 2025
Water scarcity in 7
months a year
How to cope with the new challenges
Increase in precipitation in monsoon
Increase in evaporation
Increase in snow melt in the Himalayas
Prolonged monsoon
Increase in salinity intrusion
Drought
Impact on agriculture
& fisheries
Increase in flooding intensity
Sea level rise
Decrease in precipitation in dry season
Submergence of coastal areas
Cyclone
Bangladesh
The land of
intricate river
Systems
Because of geographical
location, low topography, deltaic
plain, complex river system,
high population, agriculture
dominated economy, huge
losses due to flood, present
level of preparation etc
International bodies including
UNDP has identified
Bangladesh to be the most
vulnerable country in the
world with respect to climate
change and disaster
Joint probability of flood and
cyclone surge…
National Plans and Policies:
Travelling a long way
1972, IBRD Plan
National Water Plan 1, 1986
National Water Plan 2, 1991
Flood Action Plan, 1989-95
BWFMS, 1995
National Water Policy, 1999
Guidelines for PWM, 2000
1964, IECO Master Plan
NWMP, 2004
National Flood Workshop, 2004
Coastal Zone Policy
Coastal Zone Plan, 2005
There is no shortage of
national policies, plans
and frameworks – there
is shortage of their
proper application and
integration/implementat
ion
Climate Change Strategy 2008
Krug Mission Report 1957
Disastrous floods of 1954, 1955 and 1956 focused world attention
on the importance and the need for flood control and water
management in Bangladesh (the then East Pakistan). The report
stressed that water resources development was essential for
higher agricultural production and flood control as central
issue
Recommendation of the Mission Report led to the formulation
of the EPWAPDA Master Plan, 1964
Chronological Development of Water Management
EP WAPDA Master Plan 1964
EPWAPDA 1964 Master Plan emphasized to meeting
agricultural demand of water through large scale public
sector development for both dry season (irrigation) and
wet season (flooding) water management.
The Plan identified 63 water development projects.
This initiated the implementation of large scale Flood
Control Drainage (FCD), Flood Control, Drainage &
Irrigation (FCDI) projects including the protection of
most of the Coastal zone against tidal flooding and
Hydropower generation..
Chronological Development of Water Management
Land & Water Sector Strategy 1972
The proposed strategy emphasized the need for
quick results from water development efforts in
order to achieve food grain self-sufficiency. It
attached high priority to small and medium sized,
simple, low cost, labour intensive projects.
Although, Government did not accept the study as
a whole but the strategy of the government in the
water development sector was greatly influenced
by the study report.
Chronological Development of Water Management
MPO National Water Plan-1 1986
MPO National Water Plan-2 1991 NWP marks the systematic planning practice in Bangladesh
NWP -I , 1987 has set the following investment priorities:
(i) Minor irrigation schemes, LLP, STWs and DSSTWs
(ii) Major irrigation schemes (FCDI)
(iii) Deep tubewells (DTW)
(iv) Flood Control and Drainage Scheme (FCD).
In NWP-II, a detailed investment programme were prepared. The 20
year (1991-2010) public investment programme gave more emphasis to
FCD than NWP Phase-1. Both NWP's made important contributions to
the knowledge and understanding of the water resources of
Bangladesh. However the report was not accepted by the Government..
Chronological Development of Water Management
Flood Action Plan 1989-95
After the disastrous floods of 1987 and 1988, Government as well
as development partner's attention were once again focused to the
flood problem which initiated the Flood Action Plan. Noteworthy
features of FAP are : 26 Studies were conducted.
Attention was paid to urban FCD and non-structural flood
proofing, though agriculture remained the main focus of
regional plans;
Social, environmental and fisheries impacts and people's
participation were given particular emphasis.
Emphasized formulation of National Water Strategy
Chronological Development of Water Management
Bangladesh Water & Flood Management Strategy-1995
The BWFMS was the major strategy follow-up to FAP and
became the working policy document for the water sector.
It recommended a 5 year programs involving:
Preparation of National Water Policy
Preparation of a National Water Management Plan.
Strengthening of water sector organizations responsible
for planning, construction, operation and maintenance
Chronological Development of Water Management
Develop early warning and flood-proofing systems to manage natural
disasters like flood and drought
Designate flood risk zones and take appropriate measures to provide
desired levels of protection for life, property, vital infrastructure
agriculture and wetlands.
Policy Statement in NWPo - Related to Disaster Management
Guidelines for Protection
Regions of economic importance will be fully protected against floods.
Other critical areas, will be gradually provided reasonable degree of
protection against flood.
In the remaining rural areas, with the exception of those already covered by
existing flood control infrastructure, the people will be motivated to develop
different flood proofing measures such as raising of platform for homesteads,
market places, educational institutions, community centers, etc., and
adjusting the cropping pattern to suit the flood regime.
A system of cost recovery, pricing, and economic incentives/disincentives is
necessary to balance the supply and demand of water.
Cost recovery of services such as flood control, drainage, irrigation, and
wastewater treatment has not been considered adequately
Cost recovery for FC and FCD projects is not envisaged in this policy. In case of
flood control, drainage, and irrigation (FCDI) projects water rates will be charged
for O&M as per Government rules.
Investigate thoroughly important flood control and management issues, such as
the efficacy of coastal polders, for guiding future policy on structural
interventions.
Undertaking any special study, as may be required, for fulfilling the objectives
and programmes envisaged in the NWPo and the Bangladesh Water and Flood
Management Strategy (BWFMS).
Policy Statement in NWPo - Related to Disaster Management
Agriculture & Water Management
Environment & Aquatic Resources
Main Rivers
Major Cities
Disaster Management
Towns & Rural Areas
Institutional Development
Enabling Environment
Total 84
Programmes
8 Programmes
10 Programmes
17 Programmes
6 Programmes
12 Programmes
10 Programmes
8 Programmes
13 Programmes
National Water Management Plan, December 2001
BWDB, WARPO,
JRC, RRI,IWM, CEGIS DoE, DoFo
LGED, DPHE,
DWASA , CWASA
DMB
DoF
BMD,
SPARRSO,
SoB,
Key Organizations
Ministry of
LGRD
Ministry of
Disaster Management
and Relief
Ministry of Fisheries &
Live Stocks
Ministry of
Shipping
Development
Partners
Ministry of
Communication
Ministry of
Agriculture Ministry of
Defence Ministry of
Works
BIWTA
BARC, BADC,
BARI, SRDI
RHD
WB, ADB
RNE, DFID
etc.
BUET, DU,
IWM,CEGIS
RAJUK
Ministry of
Environment
& Forest
Universities, NGO,
Pvt Organisations
Ministry of
Water
Resources
Organizations under the Ministry of Water Resources
Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB)
Water Resource Planning Organization (WARPO)
River Research Institute (RRI)
Joint Rivers Commission (JRC)
Bangladesh Haor & Wetlands Development Board (BHWDB)
Center for Environmental & Geographic Information Services (CEGIS)
Institute of Water Modelling (IWM)
BWDB is entrusted with the task of
managing the country’s water
resources through implementation of
flood control, drainage & irrigation
(FCDI), river erosion, dredging, land
reclamation, coastal zone
management, GW development and
other allied project for socio-economic
development of the country. Its main
principal of operation is IWRM and
active beneficiary participation..
WARPO is an apex organization
under the Ministry of Water
Resources, dealing with nationwide
water resources planning. The
Water Resources Planning Act
1992 and the National Water Policy
of the Government of Bangladesh
mandated and assigned various
important responsibilities
Organizations under the Ministry of Water Resources
Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB)
Water Resource Planning Organization (WARPO)
River Research Institute (RRI)
Joint Rivers Commission (JRC)
Bangladesh Haor & Wetlands Development Board (BHWDB)
Center for Environmental & Geographic Information Services (CEGIS)
Institute of Water Modelling (IWM)
A research institute that conducts
tests (physical models) & research in
the fields of River, Estuarine &
Coastal Hydraulics at local level
including Soil Mechanics, Material
Testing & Sediment Technology.
Performs integrated environmental
analysis using technology such as
GIS, RS, databases and IT and
provides solutions to challenges
related to natural resources
management.
Provides services in the field of
Water Modelling, Computational
Hydraulics & allied sciences for
integrated water resource
management to enhance the quality
of planning, implementation &
monitoring activities.
A research institute that conducts
tests (physical models) & research in
the fields of River, Estuarine &
Coastal Hydraulics at local level
including Soil Mechanics, Material
Testing & Sediment Technology.
DDM is mandated to implement the objectives of Disaster Management Act by
reducing the overall vulnerability from different impacts of disaster by
undertaking risk reduction activities;
DDM conducts humanitarian assistance programs to enhance the capacity of
poor and disadvantaged, coordinates programmers of various GO and NGOs
related to disaster risk reduction and emergency response.
DDM is responsible to execute the principles, plans, directions and
recommendations of GoB related to disaster management.
DDM conducts research, organizes workshops and training programs,
publishes its reports and documents and provide various policy advisory
services to the concerned Ministry of the Government of Bangladesh.
National Level Council and Committees for Disaster Management
Flood Mitigation Structural measures
• Embankments • Hydraulic Structures
Non-structural measures
• Flood forecasting and dissemination
• Flood preparedness, etc.
• Flood relief
What has been done to reduce the huge losses of lives and properties?
Since flood can not avoided in Bangladesh then what can be done to compensate the flood losses, properties and to minimize the sufferings?
• Flood Insurance
What has been achieved so far?
Structural measures:
Flood protection – over 10,000 km flood protection
embankment
Flood and Cyclone Shelters
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
Total Area SQKM
100%
Flood Prone
65%
Controlled
40%
25%
FLOOD CONTROL
What has been achieved so far? Non-structural measure
Established a Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre
Flood Forecasting Model (Super Model) has been
re-calibrated 2007-08 conditions
Forecast, using Super Model, is generated for
up to 5 days (24 hrs, 48 hrs,72 hrs .. ) on regular
basis during monsoon, Apr- Spt
10 days also during monsoon (CFAN), Apr-
Sept, not widely circulated
Dissemination of warning through Government and
NGO initiatives
DMB plays a great role for Disaster Management
Flood Forecasting in Bangladesh Chronological development
In the initial stage of the establishment of FFWC in 1972, there was 10
real-time flood monitoring points where forecast information was based
on the correlation analysis and Muskingum-Conge flood routing model.
During the period of 1989-94, through UNDP assistance project and
DANIDA funded Flood Action Plan 10 (FAP10) project, hydrological/
hydraulic approach utilizing MIKE11 was employed and forecast was
made at 16 locations.
During the time of 1995-99, through extension of FAP10, expansion of
Flood Forecasting and Warning System (FFWS) using MIKE11 with GIS
facilities was made and forecast was increased at 30 locations.
In 2000 to 2005 period, the model area (super model) was extended,
and forecast stations were increased to 38 no. under another DANIDA
funded project.
A project funded by CDMP-II is on going under FFWC, which is being
conducted to increase forecast lead-time from 3 days to 5 days
including generation of flood forecast at three selected projects.
Flood Forecasting & Warning System in Bangladesh Water Level Forecast: 1-5days & 10days (probabilistic)
Forecasting Output
Forecast bulletin
Flood hydrograph
Thana status map
Flood map
IWM with DHI developed &
updated the FFWC model
Provides modelling and technical
support to FFWC
Training to BWDB staff
Role of IWM in Flood Forecasting
Future flood Forecasting
10 days/ Seasonal Forecasting
Low Flow Forecasting
Forecast Hydrographs with 5 days Lead Time
(Experimental)
Forecast Bulletin with 5 days Lead Time
(Experimental)
Location Specific FF
At 3 key Locations
Brahmaputra Right
Embankment
Irrigation Project
- PIRDP
- MDIP
National Highway
- Dhaka – Mawa Road
Location Specific FF Brahmaputra Right
Embankment
BRE (mid sixties) is an Earthen
Embankment, 220km from
Gaibhanda
The river Jamuna is morphologically
very active and erosion prone
Along the BRE, from Gaibandha to
Eneatpur, there are 18 nos of Spurs
& Groyane to protect the important
Townships
Forecasting are at 4 locations;
Gaibandha, Sariakandi, Sirajganj &
Enaetpur
and also forecast profile from
Gaibanga to Enaetpur
Location Specific FF Dhaka- Mawa Highway
Proposed WL Measurement
Locations
Dhaka-Mawa road connects
Dhaka with Mawa Ferry Ghat of
the Padma river stretching
through Munshiganj district.
It is a two lane national
highway having length of 36 km.
Highway is stretched through
a low lying floodplain between
the Padma and the Dhaleswari
river which, Figure attached
Further details of the road will
be given in next progress.
Location Specific FF Irrigation Project PIRDP
PIRDP is located in Northwest region
bounded by Baral-Hurasagar river on the
north, the Ganges on the South, the Jamuna
on the East Abdulpur on the west.
Project area is in 8 Upazila: Pabna
Sadar, Ishurdi, Sujanagar, Faridpur, Bera,
Catmohar, Santhia and Atgharia of Pabna,
2Upazila: Lalpur and Baraigram of
Rajshahi & 1upazila of Sirajganj district.
Project area is 196,680 ha of which
184,534 ha FC, Net irrigable area is
145,263 ha. The project comprises FC of
157.55 km, drainage K of 145.21 km, DR
23 nos & irrigation K of 254.76 km.
RT WL are proposed at Bera PS
FCDI project management using Flood Forecast
• Pump operation
• Emergency
maintenance of
embankment
• Evacuation of people
in the event of
embankment failure
Meghna Dhonagoda FCDI Project
• Total area under FCDI is
17,584 ha.
• The project comprises of
FC Emb of 60.7km, 4
Pump Stations, Drainage
K of 125.5 km, Irri. K of
218km & 69 Regulators
Flash Flood in Northeast Region Major Activities
Physical understanding of Northeast Region
Review past attempts for flash flood model
development in Bangladesh and elsewhere
Develop Flash Flood Model of the Northeast region
using the Northeast Region Model
Investigate the possibility of using of Radar data
from Moulvibazar Radar installed recently
Investigate the possibility of using 3-day short-
duration rainfall forecast provided by ADPC (WRF),
BMD(WRF) and NCMWRF (WRF)
Model Performance checking for hindcast period
DEM : IWM
DEM : IWM
DEM : IWM
DEM : CEGIS
DEM : CEGIS
DEM : CEGIS
Flash Flood Forecast : Lead Time 2 days
(Experimental) Forecasted Water level [m]Measured Water level [m]
00:002013-04-28
00:0004-30
00:0005-02
00:0005-04
00:0005-06
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
Wa
ter
Le
ve
l (m
PW
D)
Kushiyara River at Sherpur; Forecast Date 04-05-2013
Forecasted Water level [m]Measered water level [m]
00:002013-04-28
00:0004-30
00:0005-02
00:0005-04
00:0005-06
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
Wa
ter
Le
ve
l (m
Pw
d)
Manu River at Moulvi Bazar; Forecast Date 04-05-2013
Forecasted Water level [m]Measured Water level [m]
00:002013-04-28
00:0004-30
00:0005-02
00:0005-04
00:0005-06
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0Khowai River at Habiganj; Forecast Date 04-05-2013
Forecasted Water level [m]Measured Water level [m]
00:002013-04-28
00:0004-30
00:0005-02
00:0005-04
00:0005-06
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Wa
ter
Le
ve
l (m
PW
D)
Kushiyara River at Sheola; Forecast Date 04-05-2013
Flash Flood Forecast
Bulletin
Detection Range of
the Proposed
Radar System
New Doppler Radar in
Moulvibazar (JICA
fund)
Covers most part of
Meghna basin
Calibration of RADAR
against ground measured
data is needed
Digital form of data
Atomization of Data Processing A computer based Software System
Key Activities
o Data Acquisition
o Data Processing for Model Input
o Data Processing Output dissemination
o http://www.imdguwahati.gov.in/rf24.htm
o http://121.241.116.157/dynamic/weather/delhiregion.html
o http://www.imdkolkata.gov.in/maxminrf.php
o http://amssdelhi.gov.in/dynamic/weather/wxtable.html
o http://imdguwahati.gov.in/dwr.htm
o http://imdnagpur.gov.in/dwr.php
o http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/today.htm
o http://www.nepalhomepage.com/hotlinks/weather/index.php
Global warming will hit through water:
Through climate change :
- changes in the hydrological cycle
- sea level rise
- increased water temperatures
Through increased climate variability:
- more serious and frequent extremes,
such as floods, droughts, typhoons
The overall picture Climate Change Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability
AT MIRPUR
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Wat
er L
evel
(m
PW
D) CC2080 (FL = 8.36m)
CC2050 (FL = 8.14m) Design FL = 7.8m
Crest Level = 10m
R/S
C/S
Drainage congestion in Dhaka City
due to CC would be a serious issue.
Impact of Climate Change on Flood Dhaka Flood Protection Embankment
Inundation of the coastal area due combined effect of SLR and increase of precipetation
1998 Flood due to SLR 1998 Flood due to SLR 60cm & increase of precipitation (ECHAM A2 Scenario): 18% increase of flooding
1998 Flood due to SLR 120cm & increase of precipitation (ECHAM A2 Scenario): 25% increase of flooding
Adaptation
Height of the ground floor should be determined considering the inundation
risk map of that area
Flood Shelter of Bangladesh Red
Crescent Society (BDRCS)
2.0 m PWD
6.0 m PWD
9.5 m PWD (for worst scenario 2050)
Additional Height= 3.5 m
Existing Height= 4.0 m
Kutubdia Island
Climate Change Impact on Water logging
22:00:00
8-9-1998
00:00:00
9-9-1998
02:00:00 04:00:00 06:00:00 08:00:00 10:00:00 12:00:00 14:00:00 16:00:00 18:00:00 20:00:00 22:00:00 00:00:00
10-9-1998
02:00:00
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
[meter] Time Series Water Level (SWV_98-99_HD-Base-Modify-2.res11)
Outfall River
Base SLR 2050 SLR 2100
25-7-1998 4-8-1998 14-8-1998 24-8-1998 3-9-1998 13-9-1998 23-9-1998
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
[meter] Time Series Water Level (SWV_98-99_HD-Base-Modify-2.res11)
Polder-3
Base SLR 2050 SLR 2100
Affected Polder
(Water Logging)
Existing No. of Structure Adaptation of Drainage System
No. of Structure No. of Vent
(1.52m X 1.83m)
Additional No.
of Vent Required ( BDT. million)
P 3 30 51 46 920
P10-12 15 25 23 460
P17/1 11 11 10 200
P24 11 40 36 720
P25 13 45 41 820
P36 20 144 43 860
P39/2 4 33 10 200
Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture Loss of Crop Production due to MSL rise
0 SLR
60 cm SLR
120 cm SLR
Impact of Climate Change on Salinity Intrusion
(5ppt Salinity line)
Hiron Point
95 km
55 km
Sundarbans
Khulna
Barisal
Bhola Barguna
Patuakhali
Mohora
Impact of SLR(120 cm) on Drinking Water in the
Halda River
Base
Condition
Increase of Salinity with No Kaptai
Release+120 cm SLR
( Worst Scenario)
Mohora
Impact of SLR(120 cm) on Fish Habitat in the
Halda River
Base
Condition
Increase of Salinity with No Kaptai
Release+ 120 cm SLR
(Worst Scenario)
People’s participation specially in the flood prone areas by
providing information, awareness development and
increasing resilience
More emphasis to given on adaptation in the agricultural
sectors, seed variety, cropping pattern, management
practice etc.
Disaster risk incorporated town planning to be introduce for
reduction of urban flooding, water congestion etc.
Reassess and redesign of the flood embankments including
submergible embankments in NE region considering climate
change impacts.
Way forward
Redesign the National Highways, Railways and other key
infrastructures etc considering the climate change impacts
Development of early warning of storm surge inundation
forecasting covering entire Bangladesh.
Reengineering of the coastal polders by phases for Sea level
rise and storm surge for the safety of life and livelihood of
coastal community.
There are need of new cyclone shelters in the newly defined
high risk areas specially in the Barisal and Khulna division.
Way forward
Reassess and redesign of the flood embankments including
submergible embankments in NE region considering climate
change impacts.
Redesign the National Highways, Railways and other key
infrastructures etc considering the climate change impacts
Development of early warning of storm surge inundation
forecasting covering entire Bangladesh.
Reengineering of the coastal polders by phases for Sea level
rise and storm surge for the safety of life and livelihood of
coastal community.
There are need of new cyclone shelters in the newly defined
high risk areas specially in the Barisal and Khulna division.
Way forward
There are knowledge gaps right from downscaling of the
climate model to the considerations of glacial melt or
blending of meteorological science with the hydrology.
Capacity building in these areas will be of prime importance.
Regional cooperation at the basin level for prediction of
climate change impacts and adaptation measures, sharing of
knowledge and development of resources (conservation of
water through upstream reservoirs, flood moderation and
forecasting, navigation, hydro-power etc.)
The existing Bay models are capable of forecasting storm
surge induced flooding. These models extend from Indian to
Myanmar coast. These models can for the basis for regional
cooperation
Way forward Way forward
