Fungerer Smart Grid i virkelighedens IKT-verden? af Kim Guldstrand Larsen, InfinIT og Aalborg Universitet

Fungerer Smart Grid i Virkelighedens IKT Verden?

Kim Guldstrand Larsen

René Rydhof Hansen

Institut for Datalogi, Aalborg Universitet

Fungerer Smart Grid i Virkelighedens IKT Verden?

Kim Guldstrand Larsen

René Rydhof Hansen

Institut for Datalogi, Aalborg Universitet

Future Green Technology Japansk-Dansk Workshop, 2012

Lasse Clausen, KGL, Kristian Stubkjær, Jakob Østergaard,

Claus Felby, Peter Hauge Madsen, John Dalsgaard

Fungerer Smart i Virklighedens IKT Verden ? Kim Larsen [3]

Future Green Technology Japansk-Dansk Workshop, 2012

Lasse Clausen, KGL, Kristian Stubkjær, Jakob Østergaard,

Claus Felby, Peter Hauge Madsen, John Dalsgaard


Plan

Hvem er CISS og InfinIT?

Smart Grid – Definition og Udfordringer

Korrekthed, Robusthed, Optimalitet og Flexibilitet (Kim)

Sikkerhed (René)

Samarbejde med CISS / InfinIT

Debat og Spørgsmål


CISS – Center For Embedded Software Systems

Regional ICT Center (2002- ) 3 research groups

Computer Science Control Theory Hardware Wireless Communication

20 Employed 25 Associated 20 PhD Students 50 Industrial projects 10 Elite-students 100+ MDKK

ARTIST Design ARTEMIS

Characteristica:

Dedicated function Complex environment SW/HW/Mechanics Networked Autonomous Ressource constrained : Energy : Bandwidth : Memory : … Timing constraints


UPPAAL Model Checker

Editor

Simulator

Verifier Performance

Analyses

Discrete Control

Concurrency

Continuous Aspects

Stochasticity

Timing Constraints

Resources


Elsystemet i DK under forandring


Vindenergi udfordring

Intelligent balancering af forbrug og produktion


Bornholm Et fuld-skala lab med 30% vindkraft


Teaser


Smart Grid – Definition.

A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses information and communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity


Smart Grid Forskningsområder



Korrekt

Optimal

Robust Sikker

Flexibel



Korrekt

Optimal

Robust Sikker

Flexibel


Northeast Blackout 2003

Northeastern and Midwestern United States and the Canadian province of Ontario

45 mill (USA), 10 mill (Can)

Operators unaware of need for re-destributing power after overloaded transmission lines hit unpruned foliage.

Cause: Software Bug in the Alarm System = a so-called race condition.


Races

int x=100;

Process INC

do

:: x<200 --> x:=x+1

od

Process DEC

do

:: x>0 --> x:=x-1

od

Process RESET

do

:: x=200 --> x:=0

od

( INC || DEC || RESET )

Q: Hvilke værdier kan variable x opnå ?


Flere Race-Bugs

Kontrol for ICE tog

1421 komponenter

10476 tilstande / 271 sec/ 11Mb

Klaus Havelund, JPL

T1 T3 T5 T1 … T4 T3

Deep Space 1



Korrekt

Optimal

Robust Sikker

Flexibel


The Energy Aware House


http://www.brightgreen.dk/index.html

The Energy Planner


The Energy Planner


Energy Aware Buildings

Danish National Defense Building Administration

Pilot – Sjælland’s Odde


Energy Aware Buildings

Danish National Defense Building Administration

Pilot – Sjælland’s Odde


Models

User Weather Fungerer Smart i Virklighedens IKT Verden ? Kim Larsen [27]

Analysis

Temp

Heaters



Korrekt

Optimal

Robust Sikker

Flexibel


Demand-Response

Produktion

Ufleksibelt forbrug

Fleksibelt forbrug


Demand Response


From Network Protocols to Power Grids

Renewable Energies are on the rise

Photovoltaic generators on roof tops

Good Strategies are needed for photovoltaic microgenerators

Hundreds of thousands

Geographically distributed

Distributed

Selfstabilising

Simple Fair

Central


Control Strategies

Current Strategies (G) 75% non-measured,

cannot be remotely controlled

EN 50438:2007, in force since 2007 Switch off when

frequency > 50.2 Hz

VDE-AR-N4105, required today: Output linear function

of frequency in [50.2,51.5]Hz

Emergency switch-off above 51.5 Hz

Switch on again when <50.05 for 1 minute

Invent new controllers Be inspired by computer networks Power Grid / Network

Up limit on generation / limit on bandwidth

All generators contribute / bandwidth is shared

Can measure frequency / detect loss + collision

Fair distr. of capacity / fair distr. of bandwidth

Let us try solutions from Ethernet, TCP

AIMD: Add Increase, Mult decr Exponential Backoff Freq dep probabilistic switching Combinations


Results

on-off

linear

AIMD

Exp Backoff

Freq prob switching

Results

Freq prob switching w binary exponential backoff



Korrekt

Optimal

Robust Sikker

Flexibel


Smart Buildings


Home Port

ARCHITECTURE

HOMEPORT Important diversity of Home

Automation networks and protocols No common interface to access and

control devices HomePort provide a common

interface to heterogeneous networked devices

TECHNOLOGIES Based on well known standards:

RESTful architecture for scalable and easy interfacing

TLS 1.0 for secured connections ZeroConf for LaN service discovery

Implemented in C to fit resource constrained systems

Targets Linux based systems Log system for local and remote

monitoring

Part of several projects (e.g. ENCOURAGE)


Home Port Project Facts (www.energybox.dk)

Period: 2009 – 2011

Budget: 10.6 mill.kr.

Funding: 8 mill. kr. (2.6 mill. kr. for companies)

Knowledge institution partners: AAU (CISS), AU/Alexandra Institute,

CSI, IHA

Initial private partners: Develco, Seluxit, Servodan

Additional partners: Zense Techology, Danfoss Heating, LIAB, NEOGRID

Also a number of networked partners

GOALS

Implementation for co-existence of

different home devices and energy optimization

Validation of a number of scenarios

Collaboration with industrial partners

Investigate the business potential


Projekter

INTREPRID EU STREP Project

• 8 European partners

• Challenges: Local control and storage, energy

management system, grid communication

• Homeport: Metering and control

• 20 Danish buildings to be demonstrated

Arrowhead Artemis project

‘Arrowhead’ EU Artemis program with participation

from AAU, Zense, Neogrid, NEAS and 2 other

Danish partners: In total 80 partners. Danish

contribution focuses on demonstrating 50 houses

using flexoffers. Homeport to be used for

metering.

Totalflex

• 2012-2015 (AAU, CBS and 5 companies)

• Aims to establish a marketplace based on

Flexoffers

• Homeport to be used for metering and

communication

Encourage Artemis project• 11 European partners

• Challenges: Building control, smart metering and

business intelligence

• Homeport: metering

• Demonstrator with 8 houses i Aalborg


RTI Innovationsnetværk for IKT

CISS, Alexandra, DELTA, ITU, SDU, KU, DTU, BB

1900 interessenter; 700 unike virksomheder

9 interessegrupper

Smart Grid & Intelligente Bygninger

Mini-projekter
