Green Book Classification

Classification Classification and the Five (or Six) and the Five (or Six)

KingdomsKingdoms

Mr. W.R. McCammon, MSNSMr. W.R. McCammon, MSNS

Pisgah High SchoolPisgah High School

TaxonomyTaxonomy

• The branch of biology that The branch of biology that specialized in classifying organisms specialized in classifying organisms into a series of groups called taxa (or into a series of groups called taxa (or taxon for singular).taxon for singular).

• The modern classification system has The modern classification system has 7 different levels. 7 different levels.

TaxonomyTaxonomy• KNOW THESE LEVELS IN ORDER!!!KNOW THESE LEVELS IN ORDER!!!

•KingdomKingdom – Largest group, there are only – Largest group, there are only 6 (or 5) kingdoms in the entire world.6 (or 5) kingdoms in the entire world.

•PhylumPhylum (or Division when dealing with (or Division when dealing with plants and fungi). Many phyla make up a plants and fungi). Many phyla make up a kingdom.kingdom.

•ClassClass – Many classes make up a phylum – Many classes make up a phylum

•OrderOrder – Many orders make up a class – Many orders make up a class

•FamilyFamily – Many families make up an order – Many families make up an order

TaxonomyTaxonomy• Genus – Many genera make up a Genus – Many genera make up a

family. The genus makes up the first family. The genus makes up the first part of the scientific name.part of the scientific name.

• SpeciesSpecies – The species name is never – The species name is never used without the genus name. Many used without the genus name. Many species make up a genus. This is the species make up a genus. This is the second word in the scientific name. second word in the scientific name. It’s the smallest MOST SPECIFIC It’s the smallest MOST SPECIFIC group of organisms.group of organisms.

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TaxonomyTaxonomy• Organisms are named using a Organisms are named using a

system created by system created by CarolusCarolus Von Linnaeus Von Linnaeus called called binomial nomenclature binomial nomenclature which means which means “two part name.”“two part name.”– Until Linnaeus scientific names were Until Linnaeus scientific names were

long sometimes with 11 or 12 names. long sometimes with 11 or 12 names. Linnaeus proposed a universally Linnaeus proposed a universally accepted system whereby each accepted system whereby each organism on the planet has a two part organism on the planet has a two part name.name.

TaxonomyTaxonomy

• The first part of an organisms name The first part of an organisms name is the genus name. It is ALWAYS is the genus name. It is ALWAYS capitalized.capitalized.

• The second part of an organisms The second part of an organisms scientific name is the species name. scientific name is the species name. It is NEVER capitalized.It is NEVER capitalized.

• All scientific names must be either All scientific names must be either underlined or written in italics.underlined or written in italics.

TaxonomyTaxonomy

• EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:– QuercusQuercus is the genus name for all oak is the genus name for all oak

trees. trees. Quercus rubrumQuercus rubrum is the name for is the name for the red oak. the red oak. Quercus albaQuercus alba is the white is the white oak.oak.

TaxonomyTaxonomy

• Remember the rules of scientific Remember the rules of scientific naming:naming:– Must be two (sometimes more) words.Must be two (sometimes more) words.– Must be either underlined or in italicsMust be either underlined or in italics– First word must be capitalized and the First word must be capitalized and the

second must be lower casesecond must be lower case

TaxonomyTaxonomy• Common names are not used because Common names are not used because

each country, region, and sometimes each country, region, and sometimes even different communities have even different communities have different names for the same thing.different names for the same thing.– In the south, we are familiar with the Roly-In the south, we are familiar with the Roly-

Poly. In the north it is called a Pill bug.Poly. In the north it is called a Pill bug.– What we call a yellow poplar, is known as What we call a yellow poplar, is known as

the tulip tree by many others.the tulip tree by many others.– Language differences make it difficult too. Language differences make it difficult too.

All scientific names are written in Latin All scientific names are written in Latin because at the time of Linnaeus, all because at the time of Linnaeus, all educated people know Latin.educated people know Latin.

TaxonomyTaxonomy

• Scientific names can also give you Scientific names can also give you information about the organism. For information about the organism. For example, example, Canus familiarusCanus familiarus is the is the domesticated dog because it is domesticated dog because it is “familiar.”“familiar.”

The 6 (or 5) KingdomsThe 6 (or 5) Kingdoms

• 2000 years ago, Aristotle created a 2000 years ago, Aristotle created a system of classification with two system of classification with two kingdoms: Plants and Animals.kingdoms: Plants and Animals.– He classified plants based on stem He classified plants based on stem

differences (woody, herbaceous, etc)differences (woody, herbaceous, etc)– He classified animals based on where He classified animals based on where

they lived (water, air, land.)they lived (water, air, land.)


• This system remained in place until This system remained in place until the invention of the microscope by the invention of the microscope by Galileo.Galileo.– Microscopic organisms were discovered Microscopic organisms were discovered

in water that were green like plants, but in water that were green like plants, but moved around like animals.moved around like animals.

– Scientists couldn’t decide if they were Scientists couldn’t decide if they were animals or plants so they created a 3animals or plants so they created a 3rdrd kingdom called Protista.kingdom called Protista.


• Everything that wasn’t a plant or animal Everything that wasn’t a plant or animal was thrown into Kingdom Protista so its was thrown into Kingdom Protista so its often called the “Catch-All” kingdom.often called the “Catch-All” kingdom.

• Eventually, the bacteria were given Eventually, the bacteria were given their own Kingdom called Monera and their own Kingdom called Monera and the Fungi were separated from the Plant the Fungi were separated from the Plant Kingdom and given its own Kingdom Kingdom and given its own Kingdom called Fungi.called Fungi.


• Within the last 20 years, some Within the last 20 years, some scientists have decided that the two scientists have decided that the two kinds of bacteria in Kingdom Monera kinds of bacteria in Kingdom Monera are so different that they should be are so different that they should be separated into different Kingdoms.separated into different Kingdoms.


• Kingdom Archaebacteria are the Kingdom Archaebacteria are the oldest living organisms. They live in oldest living organisms. They live in the harshest environments on the the harshest environments on the planet like hot springs (thermophiles), planet like hot springs (thermophiles), acidic water (acidophiles), volcanic acidic water (acidophiles), volcanic deep-sea vents (Heliophiles).deep-sea vents (Heliophiles).

• Kingdom Eubacteria are the more Kingdom Eubacteria are the more common bacteria (common bacteria (E. coliE. coli and such). and such).

Dichotomous KeysDichotomous Keys

• One tool used for classification is a One tool used for classification is a dichotomous key.dichotomous key.

• Answer a series of questions to Answer a series of questions to determine what the next question determine what the next question will be.will be.

• You continue through the key until You continue through the key until the name of the organism is given in the name of the organism is given in the key.the key.

Dichotomous KeyDichotomous Key• 1 The coin1 The coin

– is silver in coloris silver in color go to 2go to 2– is not silver in coloris not silver in color go to 4go to 4

• 2 The coin2 The coin– has ridges around the edgehas ridges around the edge go to 3go to 3– doesn’t have ridges around the edgedoesn’t have ridges around the edge NICKLENICKLE

• 3 The coin3 The coin– a picture of George Washington on ita picture of George Washington on it

QUARTERQUARTER– doesn’t have a picture of George Washingtondoesn’t have a picture of George Washington DIMEDIME

• 4 The coin4 The coin– has a man with a beard on ithas a man with a beard on it PENNYPENNY– Doesn’t have a man with a beard on itDoesn’t have a man with a beard on it DOLLARDOLLAR

VirusesViruses

• Since viruses are Since viruses are not alive not alive they are they are not classified into any kingdom.not classified into any kingdom.– They do not satisfy the characteristics of They do not satisfy the characteristics of

life from the first chapter we discussed.life from the first chapter we discussed.– They do not grow, develop, or carry out They do not grow, develop, or carry out

respiration.respiration.– Examples include mumps, measles, Examples include mumps, measles,

chicken pox, the flu, or even a cold.chicken pox, the flu, or even a cold.

VirusesViruses

• The only way viruses are able to The only way viruses are able to reproduce is inside a living cell called reproduce is inside a living cell called a host.a host.

• They are classified differently.They are classified differently.• Viruses contain a core of nucleic acidViruses contain a core of nucleic acid

that can either be DNA or RNA that can either be DNA or RNA• Around the nucleic acid is a layer of Around the nucleic acid is a layer of

protein called a capsid.protein called a capsid.

VirusesViruses

• Sometimes viruses have a lipid outer Sometimes viruses have a lipid outer layer called an envelope.layer called an envelope.

• Once inside a host cell, the viral DNA Once inside a host cell, the viral DNA hijacks the cell and the cell makes hijacks the cell and the cell makes viral genes and viral proteins.viral genes and viral proteins.

• Viruses are treated with antivirals Viruses are treated with antivirals NOT antibiotics.NOT antibiotics.

Viral ReplicationViral Replication• Lytic CycleLytic Cycle

– The virus takes over the host cell and The virus takes over the host cell and makes more viral parts. The new virus makes more viral parts. The new virus fill up the cell until it bursts, killing the fill up the cell until it bursts, killing the host cell and releasing the viruses.host cell and releasing the viruses.

• Lysogenic CycleLysogenic Cycle– The virus incorporates into the host cells The virus incorporates into the host cells

DNA where it may remain dormant for DNA where it may remain dormant for years, but can surface and immediately years, but can surface and immediately enter the Lytic Cycle.enter the Lytic Cycle.

I. Kingdom I. Kingdom Archaebacteria/EubacteriaArchaebacteria/Eubacteria

• Bacteria are incredibly smallBacteria are incredibly small

• Bacteria are not well represented in Bacteria are not well represented in the fossil record.the fossil record.

• Some are pathogenic and give the Some are pathogenic and give the good bacteria a bad namegood bacteria a bad name


• They are prokaryotic – no nucleus or They are prokaryotic – no nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.other membrane-bound organelles.– Metabolic reactions all take place in the Metabolic reactions all take place in the

cytoplasm or at the cell membrane.cytoplasm or at the cell membrane.– Proteins are assembled on ribosomes Proteins are assembled on ribosomes

(ribosomes are not membrane bound)(ribosomes are not membrane bound)

• Most have a cell wall made of Most have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan and polysaccharides peptidoglycan and polysaccharides (NOT ARCHAEBACTERIA)(NOT ARCHAEBACTERIA)


• Archaebacteria live in extreme Archaebacteria live in extreme environments. Their cells walls do environments. Their cells walls do not contain peptidoglycan.not contain peptidoglycan.

• Exterior to the cell wall is the slime Exterior to the cell wall is the slime layer, a jelly-like capsule that helps layer, a jelly-like capsule that helps bacterial cells attach to a substrate bacterial cells attach to a substrate or deter the host’s infection-fighting or deter the host’s infection-fighting cells.cells.


• Two kinds of may be attached to the Two kinds of may be attached to the cell wall to aid in locomotioncell wall to aid in locomotion– Bacterial flagella – acts like a propellerBacterial flagella – acts like a propeller– Pili – helps attach to surfaces and attach Pili – helps attach to surfaces and attach

to one anotherto one another


• Bacterial ShapesBacterial Shapes– Three basic shapes are common:Three basic shapes are common:

•Coccus – Round shapedCoccus – Round shaped

•Baccillus – Rod shaped/cylindricalBaccillus – Rod shaped/cylindrical

•SpiralSpiral

II. Kingdom ProtistaII. Kingdom Protista

Protistans are a collection of the Protistans are a collection of the simplest eukaryotic organisms.simplest eukaryotic organisms. Both unicellular and multicellularBoth unicellular and multicellular They are eukaryotic (have a nucleus, They are eukaryotic (have a nucleus,

mitochondria, ER and all the other mitochondria, ER and all the other organelles.organelles.


• Animal-like ProtistsAnimal-like Protists– They are heterotrophic which means They are heterotrophic which means

they don’t make their own food.they don’t make their own food.– Include amoebaInclude amoeba

• Plant-like ProtistsPlant-like Protists– They are autotrophic which means they They are autotrophic which means they

make their own food.make their own food.– Include euglenaInclude euglena

• Fungi-Like ProtistsFungi-Like Protists– They absorb their food like fungiThey absorb their food like fungi– Include slime moldsInclude slime molds


III. Kingdom FungiIII. Kingdom Fungi• Characteristics of FungiCharacteristics of Fungi

– Fungi are heterotrophs that utilize Fungi are heterotrophs that utilize organic matter.organic matter.•Saprobes get their nutrients from breaking Saprobes get their nutrients from breaking

down dead organic matter.down dead organic matter.

•Parasitic thrive on tissues in living hostsParasitic thrive on tissues in living hosts

– All fungi rely on extracellular enzymatic All fungi rely on extracellular enzymatic digestion and absorptiondigestion and absorption

– Fungi are valuable decomposers in the Fungi are valuable decomposers in the environment.environment.

IV. The Plant KingdomIV. The Plant Kingdom

• Overview of the Plant KingdomOverview of the Plant Kingdom– In general, plants are eukaryotic, In general, plants are eukaryotic,

photosynthetic autotrophs – green in photosynthetic autotrophs – green in color and self-sustaining. color and self-sustaining.

– Most, the gymnosperms and the Most, the gymnosperms and the angiosperms, have vascular tissue for angiosperms, have vascular tissue for transport of water and nutrients; plus transport of water and nutrients; plus they possess roots and shoot systems.they possess roots and shoot systems.

• Overview of the Plant Kingdom (con’t)Overview of the Plant Kingdom (con’t)– Nonvascular plants, such as the Nonvascular plants, such as the

bryophytes, have simple internal transport bryophytes, have simple internal transport systems (no true roots, stems, and leaves.systems (no true roots, stems, and leaves.

– Problems moving from aquatic biome to a Problems moving from aquatic biome to a terrestrial biome:terrestrial biome:•Gravity – Aquatic plants float in water.Gravity – Aquatic plants float in water.

•Drying out – aquatic plants are always Drying out – aquatic plants are always surrounded by water. Land plants must have surrounded by water. Land plants must have protection (waxy covering called a cuticle)protection (waxy covering called a cuticle)


• Page Number ______Page Number ______

• Which division are all non-vascular Which division are all non-vascular plants in? Bryophytaplants in? Bryophyta

• Give 3 examples of non-vascular Give 3 examples of non-vascular plants.plants.

• List 3 characteristics of non-vascular List 3 characteristics of non-vascular plants.plants.


Index Card #1Index Card #1

• Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae

• Division BryophytaDivision Bryophyta

• Examples – Moss, Liverwort, hornwortExamples – Moss, Liverwort, hornwort

• Three CharacteristicsThree Characteristics– SmallSmall– No vascular tissueNo vascular tissue– No true roots, stems or leavesNo true roots, stems or leaves

Labeled Moss DiagramLabeled Moss Diagram

Alternation of GenerationsAlternation of Generations

Seedless Vascular PlantsSeedless Vascular Plants

• Page _____Page _____

• List 3 characteristics common to all List 3 characteristics common to all seedless vascular plants.seedless vascular plants.– Have vascular tissueHave vascular tissue– Must have water to reproduceMust have water to reproduce– Do not produce seeds – reproduce with Do not produce seeds – reproduce with

spores.spores.



• Division SphenophytaDivision Sphenophyta

• Example – Horsetail, Example – Horsetail, EquisetumEquisetum, , Scouring RushScouring Rush

• Facts: Facts: – 1. Pioneers used it to scrub their pots.1. Pioneers used it to scrub their pots.– 2. Only one surviving species 2. Only one surviving species

((EquisetumEquisetum))

Index card #3Index card #3


• Division PterophytaDivision Pterophyta

• Example - FernsExample - Ferns

• FactsFacts– Must be found near waterMust be found near water– Spores produced in Sori (usually found Spores produced in Sori (usually found

on the backs of the leaves). on the backs of the leaves).

The Seed PlantsThe Seed Plants

• Page _____Page _____

• 3 characteristics:3 characteristics:– Have seeds to reproduceHave seeds to reproduce– Do NOT require water to reproduceDo NOT require water to reproduce– Seeds in either cones or flowers.Seeds in either cones or flowers.



• Division ConiferophytaDivision Coniferophyta

• Examples – Pine trees, cedar trees, Examples – Pine trees, cedar trees, cypress trees.cypress trees.

• FactsFacts– All conifers produce seeds inside cones.All conifers produce seeds inside cones.– Grow and mature quickly in poor soilsGrow and mature quickly in poor soils

The Flowering PlantsThe Flowering Plants• Page #_____Page #_____

• Division AnthophytaDivision Anthophyta

• Three characteristics common to all Three characteristics common to all flowering plants:flowering plants:– They produce seeds inside flowers.They produce seeds inside flowers.– Seeds can be spread by wind, water, or Seeds can be spread by wind, water, or

animals.animals.– Seeds typically formed inside fruit Seeds typically formed inside fruit

(ovary).(ovary).

Index Card #5Index Card #5• Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae

• Division AnthophytaDivision Anthophyta

• Class MonocotClass Monocot

• Examples – Lilly, Orchid, GrassesExamples – Lilly, Orchid, Grasses

• Characteristics:Characteristics:– Parallel leaf veinsParallel leaf veins– Flower parts in groups of 3 or 6Flower parts in groups of 3 or 6– Fiberous root systemFiberous root system

Index Card #6Index Card #6• Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae• Division AnthophytaDivision Anthophyta• Class DicotClass Dicot• Examples – All other plants that aren’t Examples – All other plants that aren’t

monocots….oak tree, tomato plant, monocots….oak tree, tomato plant, cucumber, you get the idea…cucumber, you get the idea…

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– Net veins in their leavesNet veins in their leaves– Flower parts in groups of 4 or 5Flower parts in groups of 4 or 5– Tap root systemTap root system

Index Card #7Index Card #7• Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia• Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera• Example – SpongesExample – Sponges• Page _____Page _____• CharacteristicsCharacteristics

– InvertebratesInvertebrates– Body is full of poresBody is full of pores– Filter feederFilter feeder– Hermaphrodites Hermaphrodites

Index Card #8Index Card #8• Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

• Phylum CnidariaPhylum Cnidaria

• Page number______Page number______

• Examples – Jellyfish, Hydra, and CoralExamples – Jellyfish, Hydra, and Coral

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– Stinging cells called Stinging cells called

Cnidocytes/nematocystsCnidocytes/nematocysts– One body openingOne body opening– Two body forms (medusa and polyp)Two body forms (medusa and polyp)

Index #9Index #9• Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia• Phylum PlatyhelminthesPhylum Platyhelminthes• Examples – All flatworms including Examples – All flatworms including

tapeworms and a freshwater, free-tapeworms and a freshwater, free-living planarialiving planaria

• Page_________Page_________• CharacteristicsCharacteristics

– Flat bodiesFlat bodies– One body openingOne body opening– Cephalization-sense organs in a “head” Cephalization-sense organs in a “head”

regionregion– Bilaterially symmetricalBilaterially symmetrical


• Phylum NematodaPhylum Nematoda

• Examples – All roundworms including Examples – All roundworms including heartworms and soil nematodes.heartworms and soil nematodes.

• Page___________Page___________

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– Round with NO segmentationRound with NO segmentation– First group to have separate sexesFirst group to have separate sexes– First group to have TWO body openings First group to have TWO body openings

(mouth and anus)(mouth and anus)

Index card #11Index card #11• Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

• Phylum Mollusca (shelled-animals)Phylum Mollusca (shelled-animals)

• Class GastropodaClass Gastropoda

• Examples – Snails and slugsExamples – Snails and slugs

• Page______Page______

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– Literally means “stomach-foot”Literally means “stomach-foot”– Large “foot” used for movementLarge “foot” used for movement– Single shell or no shell at allSingle shell or no shell at all


• Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca

• Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia

• Examples – Clams and oystersExamples – Clams and oysters

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– Two shellsTwo shells– Filter feedersFilter feeders– Incurrent siphon and Excurrent siphonIncurrent siphon and Excurrent siphon– Buries itself in the sand with its large footBuries itself in the sand with its large foot– Open circulatory systemOpen circulatory system


• Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca

• Class CephalpodaClass Cephalpoda

• Examples – Squid and OctopusExamples – Squid and Octopus

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– Large brains and advanced sense organsLarge brains and advanced sense organs– Literally means, “Head-foot”Literally means, “Head-foot”– Foot is divided into arms/tentacles Foot is divided into arms/tentacles – No shell (octopus) or an internal shell No shell (octopus) or an internal shell

(squid)(squid)


• Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida

• Examples – Earthworm and leechExamples – Earthworm and leech

• Page Number_______Page Number_______

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– All segmented wormsAll segmented worms– 5 hearts5 hearts– Hermaphrodites Hermaphrodites

Slide #15Slide #15• Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

• Phylum Arthropoda (jointed-legged Phylum Arthropoda (jointed-legged animals with exoskeletons made of chitin)animals with exoskeletons made of chitin)

• Class ArachnidaClass Arachnida

• Examples – Spiders, scorpions, and horse Examples – Spiders, scorpions, and horse shoe crabs.shoe crabs.

• Page_____Page_____

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– Copper-based (green) bloodCopper-based (green) blood– Two body sections (abdomen and Two body sections (abdomen and

cephalothorax)cephalothorax)– 8 legs8 legs

Kingdom 16Kingdom 16• Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

• Phylum ArthropodaPhylum Arthropoda

• Class CrustaceaClass Crustacea

• Examples – Lobsters, crabs, shrimps, Examples – Lobsters, crabs, shrimps, crawdaddiescrawdaddies

• Page_________Page_________

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– 10 or more legs10 or more legs– Two body sections (abdomen and Two body sections (abdomen and

cephalothorax)cephalothorax)– Large pinching clawsLarge pinching claws

Index 17Index 17

• Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia


• Class ChilopodaClass Chilopoda

• Examples – CentipedeExamples – Centipede

• Page________Page________

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– One pair of legs per segmentOne pair of legs per segment– Carnivores – They will bite!!!Carnivores – They will bite!!!

Index 18Index 18



• Class DiplopodaClass Diplopoda

• Examples – MillipedeExamples – Millipede

• Page_______Page_______

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– Two legs per segmentTwo legs per segment– Herbivore – Don’t biteHerbivore – Don’t bite



• Class InsectaClass Insecta

• Examples – All insectsExamples – All insects

• Page _____Page _____

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– 6 legs6 legs– 3 body sections (head, thorax, and 3 body sections (head, thorax, and

abdomen)abdomen)– Go through some type of Go through some type of

metamorphosis.metamorphosis.

Index Card #20Index Card #20• Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia• Phylum EchinodermataPhylum Echinodermata• Page_____Page_____• Examples – Starfish, sand dollar, and Examples – Starfish, sand dollar, and

sea urchin, Sea Squirtsea urchin, Sea Squirt• Characteristics – Characteristics –

– ““Spiny-skinned” animalsSpiny-skinned” animals– Water Vascular System controls many Water Vascular System controls many

tube feet.tube feet.– Regeneration as long as ring canal isn’t Regeneration as long as ring canal isn’t

damageddamaged


• Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata

• Characteristics of ALL chordatesCharacteristics of ALL chordates– Dorsal Hollow Nerve ChordDorsal Hollow Nerve Chord– Post-anal TailPost-anal Tail– Pharangeal Gill SlitsPharangeal Gill Slits



• Class AgnathaClass Agnatha

• Page____Page____

• Examples – Hagfish and the LampreyExamples – Hagfish and the Lamprey

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– Jawless FishJawless Fish



• Class ChondrichthyesClass Chondrichthyes

• Page________Page________

• Examples – Sharks, skates, and raysExamples – Sharks, skates, and rays

• Characteristics – Characteristics – – Skeletons made up of cartilageSkeletons made up of cartilage– Scales are modified teeth and teeth are Scales are modified teeth and teeth are

modified scales.modified scales.



• Class OsteichthyesClass Osteichthyes


• Examples – Catfish and trout (all Examples – Catfish and trout (all bony fish)bony fish)

• Characteristics – Characteristics – – Skeletons made up of boneSkeletons made up of bone– Swim bladder for buoyancy Swim bladder for buoyancy – Lateral line – sense organ used for Lateral line – sense organ used for

detecting minor changes in the water.detecting minor changes in the water.



• Class AmphibiaClass Amphibia

• Page_______Page_______

• Examples – Frogs, Toads, Newts, Examples – Frogs, Toads, Newts, SalamandersSalamanders

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– Moist skins (used for breathing)Moist skins (used for breathing)– Part of their life on land and part in waterPart of their life on land and part in water– Feet don’t have clawsFeet don’t have claws



• Class ReptiliaClass Reptilia


• Examples – Turtle, Snake, Lizard, Examples – Turtle, Snake, Lizard, Alligator, Crocodile, and dinosaurs!Alligator, Crocodile, and dinosaurs!

• Characteristics – Characteristics – – Rough skinRough skin– Leather-like eggs adapted for landLeather-like eggs adapted for land



• Class AvesClass Aves

• Pages______Pages______

• Examples – All BirdsExamples – All Birds

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– FeathersFeathers– Thin hollow bonesThin hollow bones– Adaptations for feeding, grasping, and Adaptations for feeding, grasping, and

movement.movement.



• Class Mammalia (Animals that give Class Mammalia (Animals that give birth to live young, have hair, and birth to live young, have hair, and produce milk)produce milk)

• Order MonotremataOrder Monotremata


• Examples – Duck bill platypus Examples – Duck bill platypus

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– Egg-Laying MammalsEgg-Laying Mammals



• Class MammaliaClass Mammalia

• Order MarsupialiaOrder Marsupialia


• Examples – Kangaroo and opossum Examples – Kangaroo and opossum

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– The pouched mammalsThe pouched mammals




• Order InsectivoraOrder Insectivora

• Examples – Moles and ShrewsExamples – Moles and Shrews

• Characteristics – Insect eating Characteristics – Insect eating mammalsmammals





• Order ChiropteraOrder Chiroptera

• Examples – BatsExamples – Bats

• Characteristics – Flying mammalsCharacteristics – Flying mammals





• Order EdentataOrder Edentata

• Examples – Ant eater and the armadillo Examples – Ant eater and the armadillo

• Characteristics – Toothless or “Peg”-Characteristics – Toothless or “Peg”-like toothed animalslike toothed animals





• Order RodentiaOrder Rodentia

• Examples – rodents – mice, rats, Examples – rodents – mice, rats, squirrelssquirrels

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics– RodentsRodents– Large front teethLarge front teeth





• Order LagomorphaOrder Lagomorpha

• Examples – Rabbits and HaresExamples – Rabbits and Hares

• Characteristics – Long Ears, fluffy Characteristics – Long Ears, fluffy bunny tail, lay Easter Eggs, bunny tail, lay Easter Eggs,




• Order CetaceaOrder Cetacea

• Examples – Whales and DolphinsExamples – Whales and Dolphins

• Characteristics – Characteristics – – Smart aquatic animalsSmart aquatic animals





• Order SireniaOrder Sirenia

• Examples – Sea Cow and ManateeExamples – Sea Cow and Manatee

• Characteristics – Aquatic herbiovoresCharacteristics – Aquatic herbiovores





• Order ProboscideaOrder Proboscidea

• Examples – ElephantsExamples – Elephants

• Characteristics – Long SnoutCharacteristics – Long Snout


• Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia• Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata• Class MammaliaClass Mammalia• Order CarnivoraOrder Carnivora• Examples – Lions, Tigers, and Bears, Examples – Lions, Tigers, and Bears,

Oh my.Oh my.• Characteristics – Meat eating LAND Characteristics – Meat eating LAND

mammalsmammals





• Order PinnipediaOrder Pinnipedia

• Examples – Sea Lion and SealsExamples – Sea Lion and Seals

• Characteristics – meat eating Characteristics – meat eating AQUATIC mammalsAQUATIC mammals





• Order PerissodactylaOrder Perissodactyla

• Examples – Horse, zebra, and rhinoExamples – Horse, zebra, and rhino

• Characteristics – Odd-toed hoofed Characteristics – Odd-toed hoofed animalsanimals





• Order ArtiodactylaOrder Artiodactyla

• Examples – Deer, cowsExamples – Deer, cows

• Characteristics – Even-toed hoofed Characteristics – Even-toed hoofed animalsanimals





• Order PrimatesOrder Primates

• Examples – Humans and MonkeysExamples – Humans and Monkeys

• Characteristics – opposable thumbs, Characteristics – opposable thumbs, walking uprightwalking upright

Index Card #43Index Card #43• Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia• Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata• Class MammaliaClass Mammalia• Order PrimatesOrder Primates• Family HominadaeFamily Hominadae• Examples – Humans (Examples – Humans (Homo sapiensHomo sapiens))• Characteristics – Like us…like yeah…Characteristics – Like us…like yeah…

ok….like humans and stuff…ok….like humans and stuff…– Little body hair, larger brains and tall Little body hair, larger brains and tall

foreheads foreheads

Technology

Green Book Classification