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GroundwaterGroundwater
Chapters 9 & 10Chapters 9 & 10
Water CycleWater Cycle
Water CycleWater Cycle
• Runoff Runoff Water flowing down slope along Water flowing down slope along earth’s surfaceearth’s surface
• Streams / RiversStreams / Rivers• Evaporation – water changing from a liquid to Evaporation – water changing from a liquid to
a gasa gas• Transpiration – water vapor given off by Transpiration – water vapor given off by
plantsplants• Ground Water – feeds to oceansGround Water – feeds to oceans• Condensation – water vapor Condensation – water vapor clouds clouds• Precipitation – clouds Precipitation – clouds rain/snow rain/snow
Stream Velocity & Carrying Stream Velocity & Carrying CapacityCapacity
• Discharge – Volume of water that flows Discharge – Volume of water that flows past a point at a given time.past a point at a given time.– Discharge Discharge (m(m33/s)/s) = width = width(m)(m) x depth x depth(m)(m) x x
velocityvelocity(m/s)(m/s)
FloodingFlooding
• Floodplain – broad Floodplain – broad area extends out area extends out from stream, floodsfrom stream, floods
• Flood – water spills Flood – water spills over banksover banks
Formation of StreamFormation of Stream
• V-shape – early stream, fast movingV-shape – early stream, fast moving
• Meandering – wider channelMeandering – wider channel– Oxbow lakes – cut off mainstreamOxbow lakes – cut off mainstream
• Delta – Triangle shape at the end of Delta – Triangle shape at the end of riverriver
HydrosphereHydrosphere
• Water in and on the earth’s surfaceWater in and on the earth’s surface– 97% in oceans97% in oceans– 3% fresh water3% fresh water
•90% in glaciers & ice caps90% in glaciers & ice caps
Groundwater StorageGroundwater Storage
• Infiltration – rainwater Infiltration – rainwater filters through groundfilters through ground
• Porosity – sandstone Porosity – sandstone acts as a filteracts as a filter
• Zone of saturation – Zone of saturation – area of ground that is area of ground that is full of waterfull of water
• Aquifer – layer of earth Aquifer – layer of earth that holds waterthat holds water
WellsWells
• Wells – drilled into Wells – drilled into water tablewater table
• Artesian well – Artesian well – pressurized well pressurized well caused by large caused by large volumes of water volumes of water flowing off flowing off mountainsmountains