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Drawing a parallel….Forestry:
– JFM / CFM : a new paradigm of managing forests, knowledge systems evolved
Soil and Water Conservation:– Participatory watershed development
These programs have brought..• Investments• decisions (relatively) into people’s domain• New actors closer to the field• new knowledge and new ways of knowledge
transfer• Had to accommodate people’s knowledgeIn all these A NEW PARADIGM HAS BEEN A DRIVING FORCE
What should be the direction of Groundwater Management
Agenda..?• Augmentation of sources?• Building more awareness on the crisis• More knowledge transfer to farmers /
communities/ community based monitoring?• Efficient use of ground water (micro-irrigation
etc.)• Regulation of use? (Acts, No-to-Paddy, ..)• More equitable distribution of access..??
Does these solve the problem..? In fact, WHAT IS THE PROBLEM..?
• Groundwater is NOT the problem of/for only those who have access to it.
• It is THE PROBLEM for those who do not have access to it.
Secure access to groundwater…
• Secures crops• Securing crops is securing investments• Higher investments leads to better crop
productivity stable incomes (if practices sustainable agriculture)
• Helps to diversify..• Reduces the climate change risks
Sl no
Farmer Name
Area in (acres)
Total produce (quintals)
Yield in Qt/acre Rate/Bag Total (Rs)
1 Balraj ** 2.00 6.50 3.25 2800.00 18200.00
2 Chinna Basappa 4.00 2.00 0.50 2800.00 5600.00
3 Pedda Kistappa ** 1.00 3.50 3.50 2800.00 9800.00
4 Chinna Kistappa 2.00 1.00 0.50 2800.00 2800.00
5 Bala Kistappa 2.00 2.00 1.00 2800.00 5600.00
Total 11.00 15.00 1.36 2800.00 42000.00
Pegionpea (redgram) :
** highlighted : with critical irrigation
In an year where crops have nearly failed due to a long dry spell:
India will still have 60% of its cultivated area as rainfed after exhausting all irrigation potential.
Substantial number of farmers depend on rainfed farming.
Subsidies flow with water:•Power subsidies•Fertiliser subsidies•Price support•Micro irrigation•Horticulture promotion.. So on..
For Rainfed farmers…
??
Are public investments driving a sustainable Groundwater Management agenda?
Investment on Wells and Borewells
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Rs.
Cumulative investment on wells Cumulative investment on borewells
Investment on wells Investment on borewells
More water conservation More Borewells
Micro-Irrigation: where we are heading..?
Subsidy for Sprinklers and drips in AP (Rs. Crore)
•Driving a large expansion of irrigated horticulture in drylands
• Reallocating water use –between field crops and horticulture
•Resulting in more number of borewells
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
T im e (Ye ar )
Perc
enta
ge (%
)
Tank % Canal % Total %
Total ( means tube well, dug well & others)
GW based
PERCENTAGE OF AREA OF RICE IRRIGATED BY DIFFERENT SOURCES IN ANDHRA PRADESH
• Changing the crop-patterns• Changing the food habits
What Must Drive the Public Investments on Groundwater in rainfed
areas?• Can groundwater investments trigger
• security to various rural production systems
• Security of livelihoods• Increase Productivity of water• Create Access to Groundwater for all
households
5 borewells – pooled
5 farmers, 48 acres total land
-No new borewells for at least 10 years
-MOU signed by MRO
-Rest-one BW every day (reduce usage by about 20%)
Coverage of all rainfed lands
Common operation
Commissioned in 2007
2 seasons data available
CHELLAPUR, Daultabad, Mahabubnagar
Irrigation type2006-
07 2007 2007 2007-08 2008 2008 2008-09
season Rabi Summer Kharif Rabi Summer Kharif Rabi
Irrigated 1.25 7.00 3 9.60
irrigated dry 7.00 1.25 19.5 1.25 14.5
Rainfed-critical irrigation 12.00
Rainfed-not irrigated 35.00 16.75
Total area in acre 7 1.25 43.25 19.5 3 39.6 14.5
Planning phase for Ground Water collectivization
1)Good rains received in this season and2) Pipe line
installation phase
Initial rains are late and below average rain fall
Area restricted through farmers’consultation
Ground water sharing in ChellapurArea under different Irrigation/crop types
Increased area - both irrigated and irrigated dry crops (earlier 5 borewells were continuously pumping– now 1 borewell rested every day as per norms). No new borewells are dug.
* Area in acres
72 farmers in 370 acres
33 borewells
Entire village has agreed to collectivize
- No new borewells
- All rainfed land must be covered
- non-borewell owners must also be covered
- Cost sharing
- No new borewells
Plans ready for 3 clusters & quotations are invited.
Gorantlavandlapalli:Nallacheruvu mandal, Anantapur
ACWADAM Supported in
• Where from the Investments come?
Evolve a Proactive GW Investment Package for Rainfed Areas
• Extensive pipeline network to reach out to much of the rainfed farms
• Triggering pooling of borewells • Trigger sharing of water to rainfed farmers
for critical irrigation• Priority to security of Kharif crops• Evolve robust governance systems to
enforce norms that the community has evolved for themselves.
• Move towards integrated farming systems
Knowledge Implications
A Practical View of Knowledge Back Up for GW Management
Agenda:• Avoid excessive quantification• Heuristics based understanding of the complex
systems• Integrate local benchmarks / indicators / proxies• How to establish database support for community
level negotiations. . . is a major challenge• A language amenable for communities to discuss
and discover.• Thumb rule calculations/ projections that can be
easily passed on to local level facilitators.• Take mapping tools to people (a hybrid of GPS
base + Google Maps)
To sum up…
• Evolve a new paradigm for groundwater management
• Substantive public investments as a driver for change
• Let the state backup with comprehensive resource support
• Evolve a new knowledge system
