How Does It Work?

Marchelle, Courtney, Madison,

and Nicole.

Active Transport- a carrier-mediated process

in which cellular energy is used to move

molecules “uphill” through a cell membrane

(1) & (Page. 97)

Exocytosis – Process in which large molecules, notably proteins, can

leave the cell even though they are too large to move through the

plasma membrane. (1) & (Page. 97)

Endocytosis- Plasma membrane “traps” some

extracellular material and brings it into the

cell. (1) & (Page. 97)

Enzymes – are classified as

functional proteins that bring

molecules together or spilt them

apart in chemical reactions.

(1) & (Page. 98-99)

Protein synthesis:

· Transcription- process in which mRNA is used by ribosomes in the

synthesis (1) (pg. 106)

· Translation- process in which two subunits of the now-complete

ribosome are composed largely of rRNA and is ready to translate the

genetic code and forming a specific sequence of amino acids (1) (pg. 106-

107)

Growth:

· Cell growth- a newly formed cell produces new molecules

from which it constructs the additional cell membrane, cell fibers,

and other structures necessary for growth (1) (pg. 109)

· Cell reproduction- cells produce by spitting themselves into

two separate cells (1) (pg. 111)

Passive Transport

Passive Transport- cellular process of moving molecules and other substances across membranes .

(p.91)

Diffusion- movement of material from higher concentration to a lower concentration. Refers to

natural phenomenon caused by tendency of small particles to spread out evenly within any given

space. (p.92)

Osmosis- diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in the presence of at least

one impairment solute. Diffusion of water molecules in and out of cells to correct imbalances in

water concentration. (p.92)

Facilitated diffusion- when movement of a molecule is made more efficient. Carrier-mediated

molecule transport of large molecules using transport proteins. Movement of solute molecules and

water across a membrane by normal cardio vascular pressure.(p.92)

Filtration- First step in blood processing. occurs because of the existence of a pressure gradient.

(EFP) effective filtration process. (p. 842)

Dialysis-process for removing waste and excess water from blood, and used primarily to provide

an artificial replacement for lost kidney function. Dialysate is a liquid that removes wastes from

your blood without taking out any substances you need to stay healthy.