HYDRODRIVE

INVENTS

NEW

THROUGH

COMBUSTION KINETICS CHANGE!.

HOW DO WE ACHIEVE

BOTH

EMISSION REDUCTION AND FUEL SAVING IN THE

HYDRODRIVE

ELECTRONIC CATALYTIC CONVERTOR?.

WHAT

IS

THE MECHANISM

ADOPTED?.

Plasma Generation

Plasma is usually obtained when sufficient energy, higher than the ionization energy, is added to atoms of a gas, causing ionization and production of ions and electrons. Parallel and concomitant to the ionization occur the opposite process of recombination of electrons with ions to form neutral atoms or molecules. Though we could also make a plasma by heating a gas to very high temperatures, it would not be a good way to do so as the container itself would heat up and vaporize and ionize. Due to this reason we usually make plasma by heating a gas to moderate temperatures and driving a current through it or using radio frequency waves to energize it. Although plasmas are commonly produced by electric discharges in gases, plasma can also be obtained when sufficient energy is provided to a liquid or a solid to cause its vaporization and ionization.

The most commonly used method of generating and sustaining a low-temperature plasma for technological and technical application is by applying an electric field to a neutral gas. Any volume of a neutral gas always contains a few electrons and ions that are formed, for example, as the result of the interaction of cosmic rays or radioactive radiation with the gas. These free charge carriers are accelerated by the electric field and new charged particles may be created when these charge carriers collide with atoms and molecules in the gas or with the surfaces of the electrodes. This leads to an avalanche of charged particles that is eventually balanced by charge carrier losses, so that a steady-state plasma develops.

There are various other ways to supply the necessary energy for plasma generation to a neutral gas. One possibility is to supply thermal energy, for example in flames, where exothermic chemical reactions of the molecules are used as the prime energy source. Adiabatic compression of the gas is also capable of gas heating up to the point of plasma generation.

S. Elkington, Feb 22, 2009

Particle physics in space: basic particle motionIf the magnetic field is nonuniform in a direction perpendicular to the local magnetic field, a drift results:

On the other hand, a magnetic field that is nonuniform in a direction parallel to the magnetic field will cause a particle to experience a force away from the regions of strong magnetic field:

Bm ||∇−= µF

S. Elkington, Feb 22, 2009

Particle physics in space: basic particle motionA charged particle will move at constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by a force. In space, the most important forces for charged particles arise from electric and magnetic fields.

•Electric fields (E) will accelerate particles in the direction of the field.•Magnetic fields (B) will accelerate particles in a direction perpendicular to the both the B field and the particles motion.

Thus a magnetic field will cause a particle to execute some kind of gyromotion.

BvEF ×+=c

qq

.mc

qBL =ω

qB

cp

qB

mvcL

⊥⊥ ==ρ “Gyroradius”

“Gyrofrequency”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjTelKoHqUk

IN 2004

U.S.GOVT.’S

LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY

ACKNOWLEDGES

THAT

PLASMA CATALYSIS

ENHANCES COMBUSTION IN PROPANE

BUT ADMITS -YET TO APPLY SAME IN

CONVENTIONAL FUELS-

GASOLINE,DIESEL OR BIO-DIESEL

AS AGAINST

HYDRODRIVE’S- SRINIVASAN GOPALAKRISHNAN

HAVING FILED PATENTS ,CONFIRMING MUCH EARLIER

THE PROCESS AND THE SYNTHESIZER

INSTALLED IN THE FIELD,PROVED FOR THE VARIOUS BENEFITS

IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES !.

HYDRODRIVE’S

ELECTRONIC CATALYTIC CONVERTOR

cum

ONBOARD SYNTHESIZER

CHANGES THE COMBUSTION KINETICS

Which plays vital role in emission control, engine performance improvements and fuel economy.

To achieve the stringent emission norms and low emission vehicle standards, exhaust gas treatment alone is not sufficient and fuel quality improvement has become a necessity to alter the KINETICS OF COMBUSTION to result in different mass fraction of the combustion products namely the emissions.

Kinetics of Combustion is influenced by :

1.Fuel quality modified by refinery processes such as change in sulfur level,

aromatics,fuel composition,additive volume,viscosity,density,cetane /octane changes

2.Fuel quality modified by fuel adulteration or mixing with ethanol,methanol,any

oxidants or external additives sold at the gas pumps.

3.Intake air temperature, it’s humidity content and air pressure into the engine.

4.Air to Fuel Ratio with which the engine is operated.

5.Exhaust Gas Re-circulation (EGR) into engine intake and it’s

temperature.

6.CRDI-Common Rail Diesel Injection with HIGH PRESSURE injection.

7.ONBOARD FUEL SYNTHESIS through EXCITATIONS and PLASMA

CATALYSIS of the fuels resulting in hydrogen ions,free radicals

generation leading to fuel property changes in REAL TIME such as

decreased ignition delay,reduction of ignition threshold,change in the

activation energy to facilitate fuel injection timing advance/spark ignition

advance or change of Air to Fuel Ratio for lean combustion resulting in

enhancement of the efficiency of chemical energy release during

combustion for higher engine efficiency with less heat, knock free engine

with smoothness,enhanced power,improved fuel economy with lowest

emissions.

WHY COMBUSTION CONTROL THROUGH COMBUSTION KINETICS CHANGE IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR?.

1.EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT HAS LIMITATIONS.

2.NO x REDUCTION THROUGH EXHAUST TREATMENT IS

COSTLIER AND COMPLICATED.

3.EXHAUST GAS RE-CIRCULATION (EGR) FOR NO x REDUCTION

INCREASES PARTICULATE MATTER AND BECOMES

INEFFECTIVE WITH SLIGHT EGR TEMPERATURE INCREASE

AND LESS SUITABLE FOR PLACES WITH HIGH AMBIENT

TEMPERATURE WITH LESS HUMIDITY.

4.EXHAUST GAS RE-CIRCULATION (EGR) REDUCES ENGINE LIFE.

5.EXHAUST GAS RE-CIRCULATION (EGR) NECESSIATES FUEL INJECTION

TIME RETARD DUE TO DILUTION AND TEMPERATURE INCREASE OF

INTAKE FUEL MIXTURE AND A RETARDED TIMING WILL INCREASE

FUEL CONSUMPTION.

6.EXHAUST NO x REDUCING CATALYST MANDATORILY REQUIRE

STOICHIOMETRIC FUEL, COSTLIER ULTRA LOW SULFUR DIESEL FOR

SATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE AND THUS DEPRIVE THE ENGINE

BEING OPERATED AT HIGHER EFFICIENCIES WITH LOWER FUEL

CONSUMPTION UNDER LEAN BURN CONDITIONS FOR ENHANCED

ENGINE PERFORMANCE.

7. EXHAUST TREATMENT PURELY DEPENDS UPON NOBLE METALS AND

ULTRA LOW SULFUR DIESEL.

8. WITH THE COST OF NOBEL METAL PRICES SOARING DUE TO HEAVY

DEMAND,IT WILL INCREASE THE COST OF EMISSION CONTROL.

9. SIMILARLY,WITH WORLD OIL PRICES RISING DUE TO DEPLETION

OF CRUDE RESERVES ULSD WILL BECOME COSTLIER THEREBY

MAKING ENGINE RUNNING COSTS HIGHER.

The KNOCK LIMIT SHIFT calls for LAMBDA(AIR-FUEL RATIO) CHANGE through ECU/FUEL MAP REPROGRAMMING facilitating LEAN BURN COMBUSTION to take advantages of LESSER EMISSION,IMPROVED ENGINE EFFICIENCY,LESS FUEL CONSUMPTION,SMOOTHEST ENGINE that we have never experienced.

BENEFITS FORVEHICLE USERS,OIL COMPANIES,VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS

AND THE NATION1.VEHICLE USERS GET BENEFITED WITH LESS FUEL PRICE HIKE

BURDEN,LESS POLLUTION ,BETTER ENGINE PERFORMANCE.

2.NATION IS BENEFITED WITH Rs.30,000 CRORES OF LESS OIL IMPORT

BILL ANNUALLY AND SAME AMOUNT FOREIGN EXCHANGE

3.FOR VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS,CLEAN COMBUSTION WITH

HYDRODRIVE ECC HELP TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY AND LIFE OF

EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT SYSTEMS

4.NATION WILL SAVE ON LESS OIL IMPORT BILL.OTHER BENEFITS ARE

MORE EXCISE AND SALES TAX REVENUE THROUGH SALES OF

HYDRODRIVE WITH EMPLOYMENT FACILITIES THROUGH RETROFITS

AND VOLUME PRODUCTION.

.

.

.

AND LIFE OF ENGINES.

7.NATION WILL SAVE ON LESS OIL IMPORT BILL,MORE EXCISE AND SALES TAX

REVENUE THROUGH SALES OF HYDRODRIVE WITH EMPLOYMENT FACILITIES

THROUGH RETROFITS AND VOLUME PRODUCTION.

VARIOUS INSTALLATIONS OF HYDRODRIVE ECC

THANK YOU !.