Clever Innovations + System Competence

RFID Radio Regulations and IoT

1

Josef Preishuber-PflüglCTO, BU Manager RFID+RFComm

j.preishuber-pfluegl@cisc.at

20.6.2013

Developments in the international RFID radio regulations and their support to make RFID an important part of IoT

Vice-chairman ETSI ERM TG 34 RFIDElectromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters – Radio Frequency IDentificationRegulatory Rapporteur ISO/IEC JTC1 SC31 WG4RFID for Item ManagementLiaison ISO/IEC JTC1 SC31 ETSI ERM„Automatic Identification and Data Capture“Project editorISO/IEC 18000-4,ISO/IEC 18000-6, ISO/IEC 18000-63, ISO/IEC 18000-7, ISO/IEC 29167-1

2

About CISC

independentCISC was founded in 1999 and is a 100% private owned companyexperiencedCISC Semiconductor is an international team of highest skilled expertsfor the whole industrysupporting industries developing embedded microelectronic systems with extremely short Time-To-Market cycles.

3

Head office at Lake WoertherseeLakeside B07, Klagenfurt, Austria

About CISC RF

Team of RFID professionals with long-term, international reputation Performance improver of RFID products and systems in through our solutionsMeasurement tool provider for RFID and NFC conformance, performance and interoperability testsStandardization leader in RFID

4

CISC in Brazil

Official partner of CPA Wernher von Braun for RFID protocol conformance testing as part of the homologation process for the DENATRAN SINIAV, ARTESP Point-to-Point, and Brasil-ID RFID systems.CISC developed, on behalf of CPA Wernher von Braun, extensions to their UHF RFID reader and transponder emulator platform. These extensions provide reference test implementations, of the official national Brazilian RFID protocols for SINIAV, Artesp Point-to-Point, and Brasil-ID, validated and approved by CPA Wernher von Braun.CISC is authorized by CPA Wernher von Braun to provide conformance testing services for SINIAV, Artesp Point-to-Point and Brasil ID.CISC and CPA Wernher von Braun are actively collaborating in the development of state-of-the-art reference technologies and products in the field of secure RFID for laboratories in Brazil and world-wide. CISC is a strategic partner of CPA Wernher von Braun in the creation and operation of the Brasil-ID RFID and IoT Certification Laboratory.

5

European Telecommunications Standards InstituteA European standards organizationActive in all areas of ICT Setting globally-applicable standards for

telecommunications radiocommunicationsbroadcasting related topics

Independent, not-for-profit organization, created in 1988ISO 9001:2000 certifiedOffering direct participation 740 Member companies and organisationsHas more than 25 000 publications - freely available!

6

European UHF RFID Radio Regulations History

2001 0.5 Werp 250 kHz 10% duty cycle2004 2 Werp 2 MHz LbT

Listen Before Talk (LBT) defines very large radio neighborhood of up to 18 km radius in free airLow number of channels limits number of readers that can be operated simultaneouslyChannel bandwidth limits communication speed

7

18 km

Separate shouting readers and whisperingSeparate shouting readers and whisperingtags into different parts of spectrumtags into different parts of spectrum

Readers are so much louder than passive tags

RFID readers are very loud shouters that can be. You can hear them in large distances. A group of shouters in 100 meter distance you can not understand. Close by you understand one even if somebodyelse also shouts in 10 meters distanceRFID readers can coexist in one channel without interfering witheach other, if specially separated by just about 10 metersTags are so gentle voices. You hear them only not too far away. You can not understand a whispering tag if a reader shouts close by.

8

Key success in standardization:Subcarrier for UHF backscatter

9

Miller Basis Functions

1

–1

0T

data-1

s3(t) = –s2(t)

s2(t)

time (t)time (t)

1

0 T

data-0

s4(t) = –s1(t)

s1(t)

ampl

itude

000

001

010

011

100

101

110

111

Miller Subcarrier Sequences000

001

010

011

100

101

110

111

M=4

M=8

000

001

010

011

100

101

110

111

M=2

S2

S3S1

S4

1

0

1

10

0

0

1

Miller-Signaling State Diagram

Key success in standardization:Dense Reader Mode (DRM)

10

Without dense reader mode:Only one reader per channel

11

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

Wat

t

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15channel number

With dense reader mode:Multiple readers per channel

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

Wat

t

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15channel number

12

With dense reader mode:Non-reader channels allow very good listening to tags

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

Wat

t

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15channel number

13

Four channel plan for European regulationsFour channel plan for European regulations

Verification by real measurements

14

Distribution center with 36 parallel operating dock doors

Verification by real measurements

15

Pallets, each with 62 case tags

Benefits of 4 channel plan

Multiple interrogators may transmit simultaneously on the same channel.Removal of requirement for “listen before talk” provides users with greater certainty of operation.Tag response in the adjacent channels significantly improves reading performance.Very spectrum efficient - satisfactory operation by a high density of interrogators in a relatively narrow band (i.e. 3 MHz).Using appropriate techniques, SRDs can share the same band as RFID.

16

Global UHF RFID Regulations

17

Europe looks fornew UHF RFID band

Within the international focus from 900-930 MHzMakes manufacturing of globally useable tags easier

More powerBetter penetration of objectsEnergy for security operations

More bandwidthHigher identification/anticollision speedHandle of more data as e.g. required for security

18

New European UHF RFID Band

915-921 MHz4 channels916.3 MHz, 917.5 MHz, 918.7 MHz and 919.9 MHz

Co-existence with railways in 918-921 MHzLab test with conducted GSM-R system doneField test in GSM-R system done

Inputs for CEPT WI 41 on new spectrum allocation done

19

Spectrum allocation for tests with existing GSM-R installations

20

Mitigation techniques

21

New Europe UHF RFID bandDemonstrator

22

Tests with GSM-R network simulator

23

GRM-R Co-existence Field Tests

24

RFID Plugtests series

2006: Europe – UHF RFID 4 channel plan2008: Europe – Supply chain, baggage sorting2010: China – Postal services, logistics2012: Europe – GSM-R interoperability 2013: Brasil – Logistics, UHF RFID regulations

25

HF Radio Regulations

Vicinity systems: Need for more range1 m 2m MoreISO/IEC 15693ISO/IEC 18000-3

Proximity systems: Need for higher speed 106 kbps 848 kbps 6.8 MbpsISO/IEC 14443 Smart CardsISO/IEC 18092 NFC

26

Achievements in Europein 10 years UHF RFID

27

Summary of improvements

Only practical limitations on number of systems in parallel operation500 tags / second with 96 bit UII/EPC

200 – US, BR, CN250 – EU current400 – JP new

16 m range11 m – EU current12 m – US, BR, CN, JP

28

29

www.CISC.at

International Standardization

Responsibility Standardization Organziation Description

Convenor ISO/IEC JTC1 SC31 WG4/SG6 Performance and Conformance Tests for RFID Devices

Convenor Austrian K001 Information technology

Convenor Austria ONORM AG 001.31 RFID for Item Management

Rapporteur ISO/IEC JTC1 SC31 WG4/SG4 Regulatory

Co-chair EPCglobal™ HAG TLRPP Hardware Action Group: Tag, Label, Reader and Printer Performance

Active Member EPCglobal™ IAG Industry Action Group

Active Member EPCglobal™ SAG Software Action Group

Active Member Austria ONORM AG 001.17 Machine readable cards

Vice Chairman ETSI ERM TG34 RFID European RF regulations

Project editor ISO/IEC 18000-4 Air interface 2.45 GHz

Project editor ISO/IEC 18000-6 Air interface UHF RFID

Project editor ISO/IEC 18000-63 Air interface UHF RFID Type C

Project editor ISO/IEC 18000-7

Project editor ISO/IEC 29167-1 RFID security

UHF RFID Radio Regulations

2001 0.5 Werp 0.25kHz, 1Ch10% duty cycle2004 2 Werp 2 MHz, 10Ch LbT2008 2 Werp 2 MHz, 4Ch no LbT

Less is more

31