Web 2.0, a new wave of teaching, and learning

February2008

UC Berkeley School of Information

Plan of the talk1. Pieces of

Web 2.02. Pedagogies

and publics3. Storytelling4. Policies,

fears, and the great divide

(Vermont trees and sky, winter 2008)

Thematics

• Emergence in

time and space

• Pedagogy• Open

determinism

(“Sorpdragon,” Voicethread 2007)

One problem

How does academia apprehend emerging technologies?

•Panic/siege mode•Vendors•Futurism methods•Networks

One odd metaphor

Web 2.0 and education is like gaming and education: awareness is challenging

• Huge, financially and quantitatively successful worlds

• Global and rapidly developing scope• Bad anxieties, policies, and media

coverage• Perceived lack of seriousness

Five responses

Web 2.0 and education is like gaming and education: intersections are happening

• Take advantage of preexisting projects and services

• Mod/warp/hack • DIY• Literacy: new media• Influence

(World of Warcraft)

Too much information?

• Early modern era

• Gutenberg + religious struggle

• Glossators (Franciscus Accursius, Denis Godefroi)

• Then the Geneva Bible

Another response: consider antecedents

Another response to overload

• Cyclopedia (Ephraim Chambers, 1728)

• Encyclopedie (1751-1772)

(Another precursor, lacking the technology: Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae, 636)

Another response to overload

• Cyclopedia (Ephraim Chambers, 1728)

• Encyclopedie (1751-1772)

I. Web 2.0

(http://emptybottle.org/bullshit/)

The term’s history: Tim O’Reilly, 2005

• Expands “social software”

• Draws on Web history

I. Web 2.0Microcontent, rather than sites or large documents

(NITLE blog Liberal Education Today, http://b2e.nitle.org)

I. Web 2.0

Multiply authored microcontent

Open content and/or services and/or standards…

(Pepysblog, 2003-)

…leading to networked conversations

(Pepysblog, 2003-)

O’Reilly: Web 2.0 is a platform for development

• Open APIs• Access to data• Virtue of the lazyweb

(http://www.hurricanearchive.org/, Center for History and New Media,George Mason University)

• Programming staff• Perceived recognition

Perpetual beta (O’Reilly, now history)

Web 2.0 components, movements• Collaborative writing platforms: the

wiki way

Web 2.0 components, movements• Consider the most notorious/famous

-Viégas, Wattenberg, Dave (Historyflow, IBM, 2004)

Wikis are (often) textually productive

Web 2.0 components, movements• collaborative writing platforms: the

blogosphere

Addressable content chunks…

…leading to distributed and/or attached conversations

(Radio Open Source blog/podcast)

“Technorati is now tracking over 70 million weblogs, and we're seeing about 120,000 new weblogs being created worldwide each day. That's about 1.4 blogs created every second of every day.”

(David Sifry,April 2007)

State of the blogosphere, more• Diversity: diaries, public

intellectuals, carnivals, knitters, moblogs, warblogs home and abroad…

• 12 people million using three platforms, including LiveJournal: majority women (Anil Dash, MeshForum 2006)

NIH guidelines, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=citmed.section.61024

Web 2.0 components, movements: social photos

Reach of Flickr• 26 million

searchable, shareable images in Flickr (December 2006)

• Global, not national

• Metadata is good enough

• Gaming inspiration

(Ben Harris-Roxas, 2006)

Social news:• Memeorandu

m, Tailrank, Digg, TechMeme

• Google News

Web 2.0 and rich media

Web 2.0 influences rich media,

or social media• Podcasting

Web 2.0 and rich media

Web 2.0 influences rich media,

or social media• Podcasting

(Orson Wells, hero to podcasters everywhere)

How old is the term?

How old is the term?

“… all the ingredients are there for a new boom in amateur radio.

But what to call it? Audioblogging? Podcasting? GuerillaMedia?”

(Ben Hammersley, The GuardianFebruary 12, 2004)

How old is the term? “… all the ingredients are there for a new boom in amateur radio.

But what to call it? Audioblogging? Podcasting? GuerillaMedia?”

(Ben Hammersley, The GuardianFebruary 12, 2004)

What’s happened since “podcasting” in 2004? Neologisms:

• godcasting• nanocasting

• podfading• podsafe• podspamming• podvertising• porncasting

Web 2.0 influences rich media: video

(Gootube? Suetube?)

Web 2.0 influences rich media: video

(Gootube? Suetube?)

Videoblogging(vlog? vog?)

(Ask a Ninja; Rocketboom; Howard Rheingold)

Social object: the person

• FaceBook• MySpace• LinkedIn• ZoomInfo• CyWorld…

“Less than four years after its launch, 15 million

people, or almost a third of the country's population,

are members.” (BusinessWeek, September 2005)

(Le Monde, 2008)

Social organization of information, new forms: folksonomy

• Search• Retrieval• Self-

awareness

http://del.icio.us/

for DoctorNemo

Community surfacing

• Ontology

• Concepts • Collaborative research

Tagging museums: the Steve project

• Users tag differently than professionals

• Curators get it

(Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004)

Folksonomic libraries: PennTags

• Coded locally

• Collection awareness

• Also tags the open web

(http://tags.library.upenn.edu/ )

Extrapolating principles: Ton Zylstra on the social object:

“In general you could say that both Flickr and del.icio.us work in a triangle: person, picture/ bookmark, and tag(s). Or more abstract a person, an object of sociality, and some descriptor...”

(Zylstra in Second Life, 2007)

“…In every triangle there always needs to be a person and an object of sociality. The third point of the triangle is free to define[,] as it were.”

-http://www.zylstra.org, 2006(emphases added)

(“Online Communities”, XKCD, April 2007 )…

For academia, this can seem a bit overwhelming

(“Online Communities”, XKCD, April 2007 )

Already out of date

For academia, this can seem a bit overwhelming

Pedagogies and publications

Teaching with Web 2.0: it’s not all new - Web 1.0, internet pedagogies• Hypertext• Web audience• Discussion fora • Collaborative document authoring• Groupware

Teaching with Web 2.0: it’s not all new

Earlier pedagogies• Journaling• Media literacy

Teaching with Web 2.0: principles

http://smarthistory.blogspot.com/

Distributed conversation

Collaborative writing

Object-oriented discussion

Connectivism (G. Siemens, 2004)

Wiki pedagogies• Collective

research• Group writing• Document

editing• Information

literacy• Discussion• Knowledge

accretion(Romantic Audiences project

Bowdoin College, 2005-present

• Discussion• Knowledge

accretion

Social object pedagogies

• Prompts• Discussion

object• Compositio

n materials

More social object pedagogies• Annotate details• Remix (“Make it mine”) Edugadget

http://www.edugadget.com/2005/05/07/flickr-creative-commons

Teaching with Web 2.0: “net.gen”:“Fully half of all teens and 57 percent of

teens who use the Internet could be considered Content Creators, according to a survey by the Pew Internet & American Life Project.”

http://www.pewtrusts.com/pdf/PIP_Teens_1105.pdf

“[S]tudents… write words on paper, yes— but… also compose words and images and create audio files on Web logs (blogs), in word processors, with video editors and Web editors and in e-mail and on presentation software and in instant messaging and on listservs and on bulletin boards—and no doubt in whatever genre will emerge in the next ten minutes.

Note that no one is making anyone do any of this writing.”

Kathleen Blake Yancey, "Made Not Only in Words: Composition in a New Key." CCC 56.2 (2004):297-328.Emphasis added.

RSS pedagogies• Pushing student-

created content (mother blog, Feed to Javascript)

(Bloglines)

• Shaping Web reading• Web 2.0 wrangling

Academic open archives for social media

Freesound archive

•DIY copyright•Social networking values•University of Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona)

(http://freesound.iua.upf.edu/)

Podcasts and teaching: profcasting

• Bryn Mawr College: Michelle Francl, chemistry

• Duke: “Classroom recording”

• Learning objects: Gardner Campbell, University of Richmond

• Duke: “Course content dissemination”

• Information literacy

Student program podcasting on campus

• War News Radio (Swarthmore College)

•PEPI courses (University of British Columbia, department of Land and Food Resources)

Media to enhance other media

• Podcast + pdfs: Allegheny College, Gothcast

Podcasts and research• Public intellectual

– Out of the Past– Engines of Our

Ingenuity – In Our Time– University

Channel– The Missing Link

New forms of scholarly communication

CommentPress implementation, Institute for the Future of the BooksMcKenzie Wark, Eugene Lang College

More bookblogging

Still more bookblogging

Siva Vaidhyanathan, University of Virginia

Combining Web 2.0 forms• Podcasting• Blogging• Digital storytelling• Web-based photography• YouTube• Video mashups

Middlebury College, Jason Mittell and Barbara Ganley

• Blend teaching with research

• BG now involved in rural community media

Web 2.0 problems: privacy• Contrary to class safe space

(Gary Kornblith, Oberlin College)• Culture of too much disclosure• Problem increasing archivally• Copyright?

Some responses• Can block comments and/or

readers• Teachable moment: what is

privacy in 2007?• Complement other practices• Create academic networks

Support strategies

Local hosting • Campus identity• Stability• Integration into

other services• Preservation• Time

Offshore hosting• Third party

identity• Stability• Integration into

their other services

• Preservation• Different time

Add ubicomp

All of Web 2.0, just more so• Ambient• Accelerating • Annotating

http://www.phonebashing.com/

(Found on BBC site, June 2005)

Except for American unilateralism

Pedagogies: new forms

(John Schott, Carleton College, 2006)

Pedagogies: new forms

University of Umea, 2004

Challenges• Platform profusion• Walled gardens• Network limitations• Student privacy• Faculty/staff privacy• Copyright poaching

(Blackbelt Jones,November 2007;

Open Handset Alliance)

Virtual worlds as social software

Pedagogy: team and community formation

• “Emotional bandwidth” (Linden Labs)

• Social presence• Self-expression

Second Life scene,Bryan Zelmanov

Pedagogy: good old virtual reality

• Visualization• Collaborative

objects

Metaverse;Croquet, UBC

Challenges• Walled gardens• Material

limitations• Cultural anxieties

• Preservation• Privacy• Research 101

(Brazil)

III. Web 2.0 Storytelling

Lonelygirl15• One YouTube• Another YouTube• Myspace• Blogs• Discussion frenzy• Media attention

(2006-)

Alternate reality games (ARGs)

• Permeability of game boundary (space and time)

• Focus on distributed, collaborative cognition

• Increased ephemerality

(Perplex City, 2003-2006;Silver Ladder, 2007-)

Political ARGs

(World Without Oil, May 2007)

ARG pedagogy• Creation for

constructivism• Information

literacy• Object of study

(Trinity University library, 2007-; University of North

Texas, 2007-)

Flickr and storytelling

• Tell a story in 5 frames group

“Gender Miscommunication”, Nightingai1e, 2006

“Gender Miscommunication” (Nightingai1e, 2006)

Social photo stories

Or remix social media into narratives

Example: "Food to Farm", Eli the Bearded (2008)

• Library of Congress collections

Social photo stories

Social photo stories

Social photo stories

Flickr, Tell A Story in Five Frames group (http://www.flickr.com/groups/visualstory/)

Example: "Food to Farm", Eli the Bearded (2008)

Social photo stories

Example: "Food to Farm", Eli the Bearded (2008)

Social photo stories

Pedagogies:• Remix• Archive work• Social

presentation• Visual

literacy

(http://www.flickr.com/groups/visualstory/discuss/72157603786255599/;http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/ )

Social workshopping

In the Tell a story in 5 frames group, 'Alone With The Sand' , moliere1331 (2005)

Folksonomizing stories: ManyEyes Project

IV. Policies, fears, and the great divide

(Valdis Krebs, 2004)

(Blackboard)

•Huge market share•Copyright•Privacy

Familiarity•Classroom•Other online environments

C.S. Mott Children's Hospital National Poll on Children’s Health, May 2007

CMSes approach Web 2.0

Scholar.com, from Blackboard Beyond

Keeping up

NITLE workshop tag cloud, 2008

National Institute for Technology and Liberal

Education(NITLE) http://nitle.org

Liberal Education Today blog http://b2e.nitle.org