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CHEMISTRY
IB - ASL
By Chandan PandeyB.Tech (Mechanical Engineering) – IIT Guwahati
CH - 10
CHANDAN PANDEY
CHAPTER - 10ORGANIC CHEMISTRYIntroductionAlkanesAlkenesAlcoholsHalogenoalkanesReaction pathways
Introduction (AHL)Nucleophilic substitution reactions (AHL)Elimination reactions (AHL)Condensation reactions (AHL)Reaction pathways (AHL)Stereoisomerism (AHL)
CHANDAN PANDEY
CHAPTER - 10ORGANIC CHEMISTRYIntroductionAlkanesAlkenesAlcoholsHalogenoalkanesReaction pathways
Introduction (AHL)Nucleophilic substitution reactions (AHL)Elimination reactions (AHL)Condensation reactions (AHL)Reaction pathways (AHL)Stereoisomerism (AHL)
CHANDAN PANDEY
CHAPTER - 10
ALKANES
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
ALKANE = CnH2n+2
General Molecular Formula
Homologous Series
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
C2
H
H3
H
H
HC
Propane
C1
H
H
HProp = 3 Carbons
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
C2
H
H4
H
H
HC
Butane
C1
H
H
H
C3
H
HBut = 4 Carbons
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Butane
C2
H
H4
H
H
HCC1
H
H
H
C3
H
H
CH3 CH2 CH3 CH2
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Methylpropane
C2
H
C1
H
H
H
C3
H
H
H
H
H HCIsobutane
2-Methylpropane
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Methylpropane Isobutane 2-Methylpropane
CH3 CH
CH3
CH3
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
H
H
H
H
H
Pentane
H
H
H
H
H2 51 3 4
H
H
C CC C C
Pent = 5 Carbons
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Pentane
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H2 51 3 4
H
H
C CC C C
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
C2
H
C1
H
H
H
C3
H
H
H
H HC
C4
H
H
H
Methylbutane Isopentane
2-Methylbutane
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
C2C1
H
H
H
C3
H
H
H
H
H HCMethyl
H HCH
Methyl
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
C2C1
H
H
H
C3
H
H
H
H
H HC
H HCH
Neopentane
2,2-Dimethylpentane
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Neopentane
2,2-Dimethylpentane
CH3 C
CH3
CH3
CH3
CHANDAN PANDEY
CHAPTER - 10ORGANIC CHEMISTRYIntroductionAlkanesAlkenesAlcoholsHalogenoalkanesReaction pathways
Introduction (AHL)Nucleophilic substitution reactions (AHL)Elimination reactions (AHL)Condensation reactions (AHL)Reaction pathways (AHL)Stereoisomerism (AHL)
CHANDAN PANDEY
CHAPTER - 10
ALKENES
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
ALKENE = CnH2n
General Molecular Formula
Homologous Series
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
C1
H
H2
H
H
C
Ethene
Eth = 2 Carbonsene = 1 pi bond
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
C1
H
H2
H
C
Propene
Prop = 3 Carbonsene = 1 pi bond 3
H
H
C H
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
C1
H
H2
H
C
Butene
But = 4 Carbonsene = 1 pi bond 3
H
H
C 4
H
H
C H
But-1-ene
1-ene ==> Double bond between C-1 & C-2
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
C4H8 C1
H
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C 4
H
H
C H
But-1-ene
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
C1
H
H2
H
C
Butene
But = 4 Carbonsene = 1 pi bond 3
H
H
C 4
H
H
C H
But-2-ene
2-ene ==> Double bond between C-2 & C-3
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Bromination: Reaction with Bromine (Br2)
C1
H
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C H + Br2 C1
Br
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C HH
Br
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Bromination: Reaction with Bromine (Br2)
Br2
C1
Br
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C HH
BrBr Br
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Hydrohalogenation: Reaction with HCl
C1
H
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C H + HCl C1
H
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C HH
Cl
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Hydrohalogenation: Reaction with HCl
HCl
C1
H
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C HH
ClH Cl
H will be added to the C having more no. of H in the alkene.
ATTENTION
eg. C1 has 2 H and C2 has 1 HSo, H will go to C1 and Cl will go to C2
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Hydrogenation: Reaction with Hydrogen (H2)
C1
H
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C H + H2 C1
H
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C HH
H
Ni
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Hydrogenation: Reaction with Hydrogen (H2)
H2
C1
H
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C HH
HH H
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Hydration: Reaction with Water (H2O)
C1
H
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C H + H2O C1
H
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C HH
OH
Reaction is REVERSIBLE
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Hydration: Reaction with Water (H2O)
H2O
C1
H
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C HH
OHH OH
H will be added to the C having more no. of H in the alkene.
ATTENTION
eg. C1 has 2 H and C2 has 1 HSo, H will go to C1 and OH will go to C2
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Polymerisation of Ethene
CH2 CH2n CH2 CH2 n( )
Polyethene Polymer
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Polymerisation of Ethene
CH2 CH2 n( )
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
1 2 3 n
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Polymerisation of Chloroethene
CH2 CHCln CH2 CHCl n( )
PVC – PolyVinyl Chloride
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Polymerisation of Chloroethene
CH2 CHCl n( )
CH2 CHCl CH2 CHCl CH2 CHCl CH2 CHCl
1 2 3 n
CHANDAN PANDEY
CHAPTER - 10ORGANIC CHEMISTRYIntroductionAlkanesAlkenesAlcoholsHalogenoalkanesReaction pathways
Introduction (AHL)Nucleophilic substitution reactions (AHL)Elimination reactions (AHL)Condensation reactions (AHL)Reaction pathways (AHL)Stereoisomerism (AHL)
CHANDAN PANDEY
CHAPTER - 10
ALCOHOLS
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
C2
H
H
H1
H
H
C
Ethanol
Eth = 2 Carbons
OH
OH
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
C2
H
H1
H
H
C
Propanol
C3
H
H
HProp = 3 Carbons
OH
OH
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Propanol
C2
H
H1
H
H
OHCC3
H
H
H
CH3 CH2 CH2 OH C3H7 OH
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
C2
H
H1
H
H
OHCC3
H
H
H 1-Propanol
Propan-1-ol
CH3 CH2 CH2 OH
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
C2
OH
H
1
H
H
HCC3
H
H
H 2-Propanol
Propan-2-ol
CH3 CH CH3
OH
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Primary AlcoholLook for the C with which –OH is bondedCH3 CH2 OH
CH3 CH2 OH CH2
No. of directly bonded Carbons with which –OH is bonded must be one
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Secondary AlcoholLook for the C with which –OH is bonded
CH3 CH3
OH
CH No. of directly bonded Carbons with which –OH is bonded must be TWO
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Tertiary AlcoholLook for the C with which –OH is bonded
No. of directly bonded Carbons with which –OH is bonded must be THREE
CH3 CH3
OH
C
CH3
10 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CHANDAN PANDEY
Bromination: Reaction with Bromine (Br2)
C1
H
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C H + Br2 C1
Br
H2
H
C 3
H
H
C HH
Br
