Semantic web at the Library of the National Congress of Chile

August, 15th 2012

Motivation

Government actions and data can be monitoredImprove transparency and confidence

Public value (generates citizen experience)Research and collaborationData reuse

Public information belongs to citizensPublicly fundedROI

Considerations in public agencies

Large data volumesSemi-structured contentGeneral interest contentsHihg expectations

Smal teams in large organizationsLittle knowledge of semantic web

Open linked data architecture

Web Server Operating System

RDF Storage CacheDB

Endpoint SPARQLEndpoint SPARQL

OutputRDF

Graph

OutputRDF

GraphOntologiesOntologiesUpdate

RDFGraph

Service

UpdateRDF

GraphService

Web Application ServerWeb Application Server

Server side

Client side

Web Browser Semantic ApplicationSemantic Application

Cifuentes-Silva, Sifaqui & Labra Gayo: Towards an architecture and adoption process for linked data technologies in open government contexts: a case study for the Library of Congress of Chile. I-SEMANTICS 2011: 79-86,http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2063529

Application domains

Legislation

Political history

Legislation

The legislation is public information ...

... and should be in public domain

Legislation

Leychile (2008)Juridical certainty

LeyChile: access offer

WSDL (http://www.leychile.cl/ws/LeyChile.wsdl)

LeyChile: access offer

WSDL (http://www.leychile.cl/ws/LeyChile.wsdl)Enlaces, widgets, web services

(http://llevatelo.bcn.cl)

¿LeyChile: LOD?

Natural extension

Improve interoperability (more formats)

To create domain ontologies

Offer a solution to complex queries using a SPARQL endpoint

First step: to expose metadata of the legal norms

Principles LOD: URIs

http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341Decree 341; nov. 11, 2008; Ministry of Education

http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341/es@2008-11-07http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341/es@2008-11-07

http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341/es@2010-07-20http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/dto/ministerio-de-educacion/2008-11-07/341/es@2010-07-20

Original version

Last version

Principles LOD: RDF

Principles LOD: links

Relationships to other datasets: Countries (International Treaties)DBPedia, Geonames

Reusing Vocabulary / OntologiesSKOS, DC, FOAF, DBPedia, ORG

Complex queries

Find all the ordinances issued by a municipality between 1995 and 2000, but modified after 2005

PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>PREFIX n: <http://datos.bcn.cl/ontologies/bcn-norms#> SELECT distinct str(?normTitle) as ?Titulo str(?creatorName) as ?Municipio ?pubDate as ?Fecha_Publicacion ?pubDateOther as ?Fecha_modificacionWHERE { ?norm n:createdBy ?creator . ?creator n:hasName ?creatorName . ?norm dc:title ?normTitle . ?norm n:publishDate ?pubDate . ?norm n:isModifiedBy ?otherNorm . ?otherNorm n:publishDate ?pubDateOther . FILTER (regex(?creatorName,"MUNICIPALIDAD","i")) FILTER (?pubDate > xsd:date("1995") && ?pubDate < xsd:date("2000") && ?pubDateOther > xsd:date("2005"))}ORDER BY (?pubDate)

PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>PREFIX n: <http://datos.bcn.cl/ontologies/bcn-norms#> SELECT distinct str(?normTitle) as ?Titulo str(?creatorName) as ?Municipio ?pubDate as ?Fecha_Publicacion ?pubDateOther as ?Fecha_modificacionWHERE { ?norm n:createdBy ?creator . ?creator n:hasName ?creatorName . ?norm dc:title ?normTitle . ?norm n:publishDate ?pubDate . ?norm n:isModifiedBy ?otherNorm . ?otherNorm n:publishDate ?pubDateOther . FILTER (regex(?creatorName,"MUNICIPALIDAD","i")) FILTER (?pubDate > xsd:date("1995") && ?pubDate < xsd:date("2000") && ?pubDateOther > xsd:date("2005"))}ORDER BY (?pubDate)

http://datos.bcn.cl

First step finished in may 2011More than 300.000 norms exported

≈27 triples by norm≈8 million triples

200 to 400 triples added each day

Political history

Biographical records

Political history

Biographical records

Political historyhttp://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/persona/2371http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/persona/2371

Political history

Biographical records

we do not have all the years/places of birth or death

for example, Salvador de la Cavareda Trucios alternate deputy for Valparaíso from 1824 to 1825 (brother of Salvador and José Joaquín)

But we know what we need:PREFIX bcnbio: <http://datos.bcn.cl/ontologies/bcn-biographies#> select * where { ?a a foaf:Person . OPTIONAL {?a bcnbio:hasBorn ?ano } . FILTER (!bound(?ano)) . }

PREFIX bcnbio: <http://datos.bcn.cl/ontologies/bcn-biographies#> select * where { ?a a foaf:Person . OPTIONAL {?a bcnbio:hasBorn ?ano } . FILTER (!bound(?ano)) . }

Political history

Biographical records

Manuel Joaquín Díaz (deputy Constituent Congress 1891)

Manuel Joaquín Díaz Besoaín (deputy 1906-1908)

Is not the same person!first is Liberal-Democrático and second is Conservador

Political history

Biographical records

Juan Esteban Manzano de la Sotta (deputy 1825-1826)

Esteban Ignacio Fernández del Manzano y de la Sotta

Is the same person!

Political history

Biographical records

Carlos Larraín Claro (deputy 1912- 1915)Carlos Larraín Claro, father in law of Jorge

Astaburuaga Lyon (deputy 1924-1927)

Is the same person?

Actual and future work

More datasets at the endpoint: biographies, transparency, geographical data, history of the law, legislative documents…

Expose parts of a legal norm and their metadata

Actual development

David Robinson and Harlan Yu in “El desafío hacia el gobierno abierto en la hora de la igualdad”, Gastón Concha y Alejandra Naser (eds.), Santiago, CEPAL, 2012

“Open data does not create its own demand. The government should compromise the developers”

Visualizations

Visualizations

Visualizations

Complex queries made easy

Third party development

Third party development

Source: Orand. S.A.

Findings

Open data, open linked data, semantic web is more than a technology… it is a way of managing information

Visualization is not a final product, is a feedback process of data “ablution” and improving the visualization

Creates value for ourselves 1

Many technical details and challenges remain unsolved 1

1.- David Robinson and Harlan Yu in “El desafío hacia el gobierno abierto en la hora de la igualdad”, Gastón Concha y Alejandra Naser (eds.), Santiago, CEPAL, 2012

Semantic web at the Library of the National Congress of Chile

August, 15th 2012