Ijiret venugopal-r-development-of-eembedded-system-for-saving-energy-in-air-conditioner

ISSN: XXXX-XXXX Volume X, Issue X, Month Year 1

Development of Embedded System for Saving Energy

in Air Conditioner

Sudha.S

Dept of Computer Science and Engineering

BTL Institute of Technology

Bangalore, India

[email protected]

Ashritha.V



Bangalore, India

[email protected]

Venugopal.R



Bangalore, India

[email protected]

Karunashree.R



Bangalore, India

[email protected]

Abstract

The main objective to research this project for the low

cost, energy saving, automatic operation is done without the

help of human being, this system is equipped with Zigbee

(Zigbee is a communication protocol that uses Small, low-

power digital radio signals) it is used For communication

between IR sensor and microcontroller, In this system we

have a corporate unit with both facilities of HVAC and Split

units, Thus the system can also be used Fire safety device.

When you decide to cool your entire home, split system air

conditioners cooling system are the most common choice.

Keywords

Temperature sensors DS1620, Microcontroller 8051 and

IR sensor TSOP1938.

Introduction

These systems uses an Embedded system which is incor-

porated with 8051 micro controller which is an 8 bit control-

ler (Access 8 bit instruction at a time).faced with IR sensors

and temperature sensing IC as inputs. The IR sensors counts

the number of people entering and leaving the system and

updates the logic in the micro controller registers and sends

appropriate signals to the AC controllers via relays or

switching circuits which in turn stops/resumes the cooling.

In case the number of employees working in the building

is less than 35% then the HVAC is turned off and Split AC’s

are turned on. This IC also sends signals to the micro con-

troller incase of high temperatures reached and micro con-

troller can send alarm signal.

In this system, to improve the Development of embedded

system for Saving Energy in Air Conditioner it tracks the

number of persons entering to the corporate bay and switch-

es/regulates HVAC or Split units.

AC in Corporate

HVAC – Heating Ventilation and Air cooling plays a vital

role in Corporate.

Brief on AC and Electrical Energy: The thumb rule of plan-

ning a AC system is for every 100 -110 sft we require 1 Tr

of AC in corporate world wherein TR is defined a Tons of

refrigeration. (1 TR: 1 tone of refrigeration is the rate of heat

removal required to freeze a metric ton (1000 kg) of water at

0°C in 24 hours).

To achieve this we require 3.517kW approx. If a corporate

place of 1, 00,000sft requires a AC unit. Then we require at

least 1000 TR of Chiller plant.

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So 1000Tr x 3.14Kw = 3140kW is required as a pre demand

which is very huge. Efficiently using AC can help us in sav-

ing energy by using SOP for efficient usage.

Microcontroller 8051

Fig1 8051 Microcontroller

128 byte RAM

4kb ROM

2timer

4ports

Port0->data address

Port1, port3->interfacing

Port2-> low port of the address

Port3->Multifunction

To control the efficiency of AC system using microcontrol-

ler it is loaded with a hex code which is converted from a

Embedded C program.

Interrupts: As the name suggests, Interrupt is a subroutine

call that interrupts microcontroller during the process or ex-

ecution of any program which is important at that time

.

CPU: It monitors and controls all operations that are per-

formed in the microcontroller. It reads the program that is in

the ROM memory and executes them and does the expected

task.

Memory: Microcontroller requires two kinds of memory

such as RAM and ROM.ROM for the program to be saved

and read by the microcontroller RAM for the temporary

storage of data.

BUS: It is a collection of wires which works as a communi-

cation channel or medium for the transfer of Data.

The two types of buses are:

Address bus-It has 16 bit address bus used to address

memory locations that transfers the address from CPU to

memory.

Data bus-It has 8 bit data bus that is used to carry data.

Oscillator:8051 has an on-chip oscillator which works as a

clock source for CPU.As the output pulses of, oscillator are

stable therefore it enables synchronized work of all parts of

microcontroller.

Input/output Port: Microcontroller is used in the embedded

systems to control the operations of machines therefore to

connect it to other machines or devices we require I/O ports.

Timers/Counters: 8051 has two 16-bit timers and counters.

The counters are divided into 8-bit registers. The timers are

used for measurement of intervals, to determine pulse width.

Proposed System

In this proposed system, to improve the Development of

embedded system for Saving Energy in Air Conditioner it

tracks the number of persons entering to the corporate bay

and switches/regulates HVAC or Split units. Also it regu-

lates the temperature as per real time and also gives alarm

incase more temperature is reached. The System is also

equipped with Zig-bee to transmit data of people from dif-

ferent places in the Facility. Our project assumes having a

corporate unit with both facilities of HVAC and Split units.

In case the number of employees working in the building is

less than 35% then the HVAC is turned off and Split AC’s

are turned On, This IC also sends signals to the microcon-

troller in case of high temperatures reached and microcon-

troller can send alarm signal. Thus the system can also be

used Fire safety device. Whenever it increase the high tem-

perature the microcontroller signals to the buzzer this buzzer

produces the beep sound to alert the people during fire acci-

dent in the same time fire safety device is activated.

Advantages of Air Conditioner Using

Zigbee

• Energy Saving to a great Extend.

• Supports Green Energy.

• We can also have an idea of how many people are

there in the building therefore we can plan evacua-

tion in a efficient in case of any emergency scenari-

os like Fire, Earth quake.

• The micro controller is interfaced with IR sensors

and temperature sensing IC as inputs.



• The IR sensors counts the number of people enter-

ing and leaving the system and updates the logic in

the micro controller registers and sends appropriate

signals to the AC controllers via relays or switching

circuits which in turn stops/resumes the cooling.

• Even as the temperature sensor IC monitors the

room temperature constantly and sends signals to

the micro controller to maintain the room tempera-

ture.

Block Diagram

Fig2 Interfacing via microcontroller

Working principle of air conditioner

In the fig2, whenever a person crosses the IR signal in the

fig2, the IR signal is interrupted. The microcontroller incre-

ments the count and displays on to the LCD. Accordingly

the temperature sensor is activated, for specified temperature

increase it gives signal to the microcontroller to turn ON the

Relay units and the respective ACs will be started. As shown in the fig2.This process goes on until the number of mem-

bers exceeds 10 (or as per requirement).When members ex-

ceed 10, mini-fans are activated by microcontroller, accord-

ing to the temperature readings. If members are below 10,

mini fans are deactivated. If members entering more than

100 in the bay then HVAC is activated automatically

(HVAC is the technology of indoor and vehicular environ-

mental comfort). HVAC is important in the design of medi-

um to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrap-

ers and in marine environments such as aquariums, where

safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with re-

spect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from out-

doors.

Flow Chart

Fig3 algorithm for temp check

In the fig3 it checks the temperature. If the temperature is

lesser than 25 degree celsius then it turns off the HVAC and

if the temperature is greater than 25 degree celsius then it

turns on the HVAC.

Fig4 algorithm for switching HVAC to split

In fig4 First it will check the number of members entering

into the room, if number of people is less than 35% in the

room HVAC will be turned OFF and split AC will be turned

ON, otherwise if number of people more than 35% in the

room HVAC will be turned ON and split AC will be turned

OFF.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyscraper

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyscraper

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarium

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sick_building_syndrome



Conclusion

The method of automatic people counting used in air-

conditioning energy-saving is effective and has high recog-

nition rate in indoor environment, counting the number of

people through the IR sensors and displaying it in LCD has

lower cost. Current air-conditioning energy-saving hasn’t

been found to recognize technology such as people counting

method control system to realize energy-saving.

References

[1] T.Zhao, R.Nevatia, B, Wu, “Segmentation and tracking

of multiple humans in crowded environment,” IEEE Trans-

actions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol

.30, no 7, 2007, pp.1198-1211.

[2] T.Zhao, R.Nevatia, “Tracking multiple humans in com-

plex situation,”IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and

Machine Intelligence, vol .26, no 9, 2004, pp.1208-1221.

[3] Ya-li Hou, Grantham K.H.Pang, “Automated people

counting at a mass site,” IEEE International conference on

Automation and Logistics, 2008.

[4] pp.464-469] Massimiliano Bozzoli, Luigi Cinque, Enver

Sangineto, “A

Statistical method for people counting in crowded environ-

ments,”14th

International conference on Image Analysis and

Processing (ICIAP 2007),2007,pp.506-511.

[5] Wei Di; Rongben Wang, “Driver Eyes Identification

Based on Infrared Illuminator, ”International conference on

Computational Intelligence and Software engineering( CISE

),2009,pp. 1-4.

[6] Zhang Da-kun, “An Extended Opening Operation and Its

Application in Image Processing,” International Conference

on Multimedia andInformation Technology, 2008,pp. 377-

380

Biographies

Ms.Sudha.S.

B.E (Computer Science Engineering)

from BTL Institute of Technology, Ban-

galore, and her area of research is em-

bedded system.

Mr. Venugopal.R


from BTL Institute of Technology, Ban-

galore, and his area of research is Em-

bedded system.

Ms.Ashritha.V.


from BTL Institute of Technology,

Bangalore, and her area of research is

Embedded system.

Ms.Karunashree.R.


from BTL Institute of Technology,

Bangalore,and her area of research is

Embedded system.