D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOLNIMAPARAODISHA

AT PROJECT

/ACKNOWELDGEMENT/I owe my special thanks to all the great persons

whose continuous cooperation lead this project to be successful one.

First of all we would like to grant our special thanks to our computer sir Mr. Biswa Ranjan Mishra who helped us a lot in the completion of this project.

We would also like to grant our special thanks to our principal sir Mr. Duryodhan Das and our class teacher whose benign effort made this project successful one. We also thanks all teachers who inspired us to achieve this aim.

Nigamesh Prasad

Project on :india and space research

This project has been designed by:-NIGAMESH PRASAD

CLASS-VIII

D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOL

INDIA MARCH TOWARDS SPACE RESEARCH

India is one of the developing country in the world. It has achieved many things not only in the field of art and craft but also in the field of space research. Now- a- days the name of india has spreaded to nook and corner of the world. Even if the most developed country like USA have come forward to make deal on nuclear power and exchange ideas in aeronautics field. Space tech. has allowed the nation of India to move into the world of high tech. The contribution of India in the field of science and space research is endless. In recent years India has concentrated much of its space development work on complex application satellites and more useful rockets. The nations two main interests are satellites for remote sensing and communications which are used for weather pictures disaster warning and many other things.

If India is rapidly developing in space programs, all the credit goes to the father of the Indian space program. DR. VIKRAM SARABAI

LIST OF SATELLITES LAUNCHED

BYISRO

SATELLITE LAUNCH DATE

LAUNCH VECHILE

TYPE OF SATELLITE

Aryabhata 19.04.1975 C-1 IntercosmosExperimental / Small Satellite

Bhaskara-I 07.06.1979C-1 Intercosmos Earth Observation

Satellite

Rohini Technology Payload (RTP)

10.08.1979SLV-3 Experimental / Small

Satellite

Rohini (RS-1) 18.07.1980SLV-3 Experimental / Small

Satellite

Rohini (RS-D1) 31.05.1981 SLV-3 Earth Observation Satellite

Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE)

19.06.1981 Ariane-1(V-3)Geo-Stationary Satellite

Bhaskara-II 20.11.1981 Delta 3910 PAM-DEarth Observation Satellite

INSAT-1A 10.04.1982 C-1 Intercosmos Earth Observation Satellite

Rohini (RS-D2) 17.04.1983SLV-3 Earth Observation

Satellite

INSAT-1B 30.08.1983 Shuttle [PAM-D] Geo-Stationary Satellite

Stretched Rohini Satellite Series 

(SROSS-1)

24.03.1987 ASLV Space Mission

IRS-1A 17.03.1988 Vostok Earth Observation Satellite

Stretched Rohini Satellite Series

(SROSS-2)

13.07.1988 ASLV Earth Observation Satellite

INSAT-1C 21.07.1988 Ariane-3 Geo-Stationary Satellite

INSAT-1D 12.06.1990 Delta 4925 Geo-Stationary Satellite

IRS-1B 29.08.1991 Vostok Earth Observation Satellite

Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-C)

20.05.1992 ASLV Space Mission

INSAT-2A 10.07.1992 Ariane-44L H10 Geo-Stationary Satellite

INSAT-2B 23.07.1993 Ariane-44L H10+ Geo-Stationary Satellite

IRS-1E 20.09.1993 PSLV-D1 Earth Observation Satellite

Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-C2)

04.05.1994 ASLV Space Mission

IRS-P2 15.10.1994 PSLV-D2 Earth Observation Satellite

INSAT-2C 07.12.1995 Ariane-44L H10-3 Geo-Stationary Satellite

IRS-1C 28.12.1995 Molniya Earth Observation Satellite

IRS-P3 21.03.1996 PSLV-D3 Earth Observation Satellite

INSAT-2D 04.06.1997 Ariane-44L H10-3 Geo-Stationary Satellite

IRS-1D 29.09.1997 PSLV-C1 Earth Observation Satellite

INSAT-2DT January 1998 Ariane-44L H10 Geo-Stationary Satellite

INSAT-2E 03.04.1999 Ariane-42P H10-3 Geo-Stationary Satellite

Oceansat(IRS-P4)

26.05.1999 PSLV-C2 Earth Observation Satellite

INSAT-3B 22.03.2000 Ariane-5G Geo-Stationary Satellite

GSAT-1 18.04.2001 GSLV-D1 Geo-Stationary Satellite

Technology Experiment Satellite (TES)

22.10.2001 PSLV-C3 Earth Observation Satellite

INSAT-3C 24.01.2002 Ariane-42L H10-3 Geo-Stationary Satellite

KALPANA-1(METSAT)

12.09.2002 PSLV-C4 Geo-Stationary Satellite

GSAT-2 08.05.2003 GSLV-D2 Geo-Stationary Satellite

INSAT-3E 28.09.2003 Ariane-5G Geo-Stationary Satellite

INSAT-3A 10.04.2003 Ariane-5G Geo-Stationary Satellite

Resourcesat-1(IRS-P6)

17.10.2003 PSLV-C5 Earth Observation Satellite

EDUSAT (GSAT-3) 20.09.2004 GSLV-F01 Geo-Stationary Satellite

CARTOSAT-1 05.05.2005 PSLV-C6 Earth Observation Satellite

HAMSAT 05.05.2005 PSLV-C6 Experimental / Small Satellite

INSAT-4A 22.12.2005 Ariane-5GS Geo-Stationary Satellite

INSAT-4C 10.07.2006 GSLV-F02 Geo-Stationary Satellite

INSAT-4CR 02.09.2007 GSLV-F04 Geo-Stationary Satellite

SRE - 1 10.01.2007 PSLV-C7 Experimental / Small Satellite

CARTOSAT - 2 10.01.2007 PSLV-C7 Earth Observation Satellite

INSAT-4B 12.03.2007 Ariane-5ECA Geo-Stationary Satellite

IMS-1 28.04.2008 PSLV-C9 Earth Observation Satellite

CARTOSAT - 2A 28.04.2008 PSLV-C9 Earth Observation Satellite

Chandrayaan-1 22.10.2008 PSLV-C11 Space Mission

RISAT-2 20.04.2009 PSLV-C12 Earth Observation Satellite

ANUSAT 20.04.2009 PSLV-C12 Experimental / Small Satellite

Oceansat-2 23.09.2009 PSLV-C14 Earth Observation Satellite

GSAT-4 15.04.2010 GSLV-D3 Geo-Stationary Satellite

CARTOSAT-2B 12.07.2010 PSLV-C15 Earth Observation Satellite

STUDSAT 12.07.2010 PSLV-C15 Experimental / Small Satellite

GSAT-5P 25.12.2010 GSLV-F06 Geo-Stationary Satellite

YOUTHSAT 20.04.2011 PSLV-C16 Experimental / Small Satellite

RESOURCESAT-2 20.04.2011 PSLV-C16 Earth Observation Satellite

GSAT-8 21.05.2011 Ariane-5VA-202

Geo-Stationary Satellite

GSAT-12 15.07.2011 PSLV-C17 Geo-Stationary Satellite

Megha-Tropiques 12.10.2011 PSLV-C18 Earth Observation Satellite

SRMSat 12.10.2011 PSLV-C18 Experimental / Small Satellite

Jugnu 12.10.2011 PSLV-C18 Experimental / Small Satellite

RISAT-1 26.04.2012 PSLV-C19 Earth Observation Satellite

GSAT-10 29.09.2012 Ariane-5VA-209

Geo-Stationary Satellite

__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

Some notable

scientists of

India

Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937)Born 30 November 1858

Bikrampur, Bengal Presidency, British India

Died 23 November 1937 (aged 78)Girded, Bengal Presidency, British India

Residence Kolkata, Bengal Presidency, British India

Nationality British IndianFields Physics, Biophysics, Biology,

Botany, Archaeology, Bengali Literature, Bengali Science FictionInstitutions University of CalcuttaUniversity of CambridgeUniversity of London

Alma mater St. Xavier's College, Calcutta

University of Cambridge

Notable students

Satyendra Nath Bose, Meghnad Saha

Known for Millimetre waves

RadioCresco graph Plant science

Notable awards Companion of the Order of the Indi

an Empire (CIE) (1903)Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI) (1911)Knight Bachelor (1917)

Prafulla Chandra Ray(1861-1944)

Born Prafulla Chandra RayAugust 2 , 1861Raruli, Khulna,Bengal Presidency(Present day Bangladesh) British Raj

DiedJune 16, 1944Calcutta

Nationality British Indian

Alma mater

Metropolitan InstitutionPresidency CollegeEdinburgh University

Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920)Born 22 December 1888 Erode,

Madras Presidency

Died 26 April 1920 (aged 32)Chetput, Madras, Madras Presidency

Residence KumbakonamNationality IndianFields MathematicsAlma mater Government Arts College

Pachaiyappa's College

Academic advisors

G. H. HardyJ. E. Littlewood

Known forLandau–Ramanujan constantMock theta functionsRamanujan conjectureRamanujan primeRamanujan–Soldner constantRamanujan theta functionRamanujan's sumRogers–Ramanujan identitiesRamanujan's master theorem

Influences

G. H. Hardy

Signature

Sir C. V. Raman (1888-1970)Born 7 November 1888

Thiruvanaikoil, Tiruchirappalli,Madras Province, British India

Died 21 November 1970 (aged 82)Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Nationality Indian

Fields PhysicsInstitutions Indian Finance Department[1]

University of CalcuttaIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science

Indian Institute of ScienceCentral College, Bangalore University

Raman Research InstituteAlma mater

University of MadrasDoctoral students

G. N. RamachandranVikram Ambalal Sarabhai

Known for Raman effect

Notable awardsKnight Bachelor (1929)Nobel Prize in Physics (1930)Bharat Ratna (1954)Lenin Peace Prize (1957)

Meghnad Saha (1893-1956)Born

6 October 1893Shaoratoli, Dhaka, Bengal, British India

Died 16 February 1956 (aged 62)

Residence India

Nationality Indian

Fields Physics and Mathematics

Institutions

Allahabad UniversityUniversity of CalcuttaImperial College LondonIndian Association for the Cultivation of Scince

Alma mater Dhaka CollegeUniversity of Calcutta

Known for Thermal ionisationSaha ionization equation

Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974)Born 1 January 1894

Calcutta, India (now Kolkata)

Died 4 February 1974 (aged 80)Calcutta, India

Residence IndiaNationality IndianFields Physics and Mathematics

Institutions University of Calcutta

Alma mater University of CalcuttaKnown for Bose–Einstein condensat

e

Bose–Einstein statisticsBose gas

Notable awards Padma Vibhushan

Fellow of the Royal Society[1]

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (1894-1955)

Born 21 February 1894Shahpur, British India

Died 1 January 1955 (aged 60)New Delhi, India

ResidenceIndia

CitizenshipIndia

Nationality Indian

Fields Chemistry

InstitutionsCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research

Banaras Hindu UniversityAlma mater University of the Punjab

University College London

Doctoral advisor Frederick G. Donnan

Known forCSIR India

Notable awards

Padma Bhushan (1954)Knighthood (1941)OBE (1936

Homi Jehangir Bhabha (1909-1966)Born 30 October 1909

Bombay, British India, Present-day India

Died 24 January 1966(aged 56)Mont Blanc, France

Residence New Delhi, India

Citizenship IndiaNationality IndianFields Nuclear PhysicsInstitutions

Atomic Energy Commission of India

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

Cavendish LaboratoryIndian Institute of ScienceTrombay Atomic Energy EstablishmentAlma mater Elphinstone CollegeRoyal Institute of ScienceUniversity of Cambridge

Alma mater Elphinstone College

Royal Institute of ScienceUniversity of Cambridge

Doctoral advisor Ralph H. Fowler

Other academic advisors

Paul Dirac

Known for Indian nuclear programmeCosmic Rayspoint particles

Notable awards Padma Bhushan (1954)

Subramaniam Chandrasekhar (1910-1995)Born October 19, 1910

Lahore, British India

DiedAugust 21, 1995 (aged 84)Chicago, Illinois, United States

Residence United States

Citizenship India (1910–1953)United States (1953–1995)

Fields Astrophysics

Institutions University of ChicagoUniversity of Cambridge

Alma mater Presidency College, MadrasTrinity College, Cambridge

Doctoral advisor R.H. Fowler

Doctoral students Donald Edward Osterbrock,Roland

Winston, F. Paul Esposito

Known forChandrasekhar limit

Notable awards

Nobel Prize in Physics (1983)Copley Medal (1984)National Medal of Science (1966)Padma Vibhushan (1968)

Vikram Sarabhai (1919-1971)Born 12 August 1919[1][2]

Ahmedabad, India

Died30 December 1971 (aged 52)Halcyon Castle, Kovalam inThiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

ResidenceIndia

NationalityIndian

Fields Physics

Institutions Indian Space Research Organisation

Physical Research LaboratoryAlma mater

University of Cambridge

Doctoral advisor Sir C. V. Raman

Known forIndian space programIndian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

Notable awards Padma Bhushan (1966)

Padma Vibhushan(posthumously) (1972)

Spouse Mrinalini Sarabhai

C. R. Rao (1920 - )Born 10 September 1920

(age 92)Hadagali,Kingdom of Mysore,British India

Residence India, United Kingdom, United States

Citizenship United States[1]

Fields Mathematics and StatisticsInstitutions

Indian Statistical InstituteCambridge UniversityPenn State UniversityUniversity at Buffalo, The State University of New York

Alma mater Andhra UniversityUniversity of CalcuttaKing's College, Cambridge

Doctoral advisor

Ronald FisherDoctoral students

V. S. VaradarajanS. R. Srinivasa Varadhan

K. Chandrasekharan (1920 -)Born

November 21, 1920 (age 91),Madras

Fields

Number theory

Institutions

TIFR, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich

Alma mater

Madras University

Doctoral advisor

K. Ananda Rao

Har Gobind Khorana (1922 -2011 )Born January 9, 1922

Raipur, Punjab British India (now part of Pakistan)

Died November 9, 2011 (aged 89)Concord, Massachusetts,U.S

Residence India/Pakistan, United States,United Kingdom

Citizenship United States[1]

Fields Molecular biologyNotable awards Nobel Prize in Medicine (1968),

Gairdner Foundation International Award

, Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize, Albert Lasker

Award for Basic Medical Research

, Padma Vibhushan

Alma mater University of the Punjab

University of Liverpool

InstitutionsMIT (1970–2007)University of Wisconsin, Madison(1960–70)University of British Columbia(1952–60)Cambridge University (1950–52)Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich (1948–49)

G. N. Ramachandran (1922-2001)Born 8 October 1922

Madras, Madras Presidency,British India

Died 7 April 2001 (aged 78)Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Nationality Indian

Fields Biophysics

Institutions Indian Institute of Science

Cavendish Laboratory

Alma mater Madras University

University of Cambridge

Doctoral advisor C V Raman

Known forRamachandran plot

Harish Chandra (1923-1983)Born 11 October 1923

Kanpur, British India

Died16 October 1983 (aged 60)Princeton, New Jersey, United States

Residence United States

Citizenship United States[1]

Fields Mathematics, Physics

Institutions

Indian Institute of ScienceHarvard UniversityColumbia UniversityTata Institute of Fundamental Research

Institute for Advanced Study

Alma mater University of AllahabadUniversity of Cambridge

Notable awards

Fellow of the Royal Society[2]

Cole PrizeSrinivasa Ramanujan Medal

M. K. Vainu Bappu (1927-1982)

Honorary Foreign Fellow

Belgium Academy of Sciences[1]

Honorary Member

American Astronomical Society[1]

Vice-President

International Astronomical Union (1967–73)[1]

President International Astronomical Union (1979)[1]

IMS-I(INDIAN MINI SATELLITE-I)

IMS-1 AT A GLANCE

Launch Date -28.04.2008IMS-1, previously referred to as TWSat

(Third World Satellite), is a low-cost microsatellite imaging mission of ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization).

INDIAN MICRO SATELLITE (IMS-1) has been launched as co-passenger along with Cartosat-2A on 28-Apr-2008 onboard PSLV-C9. The micro satellite bus IMS-1 provides 3- axis stabilization with a mission life of 2 years.

Orbit Polar Sun Synchronous

Altitude 635 km

Life 2 years

Physical Dimensions 0.604x0.980x1.129 m

Mass 83 kg

Power Two deployable sun pointing solar panels generating 220 W power, 105 Ah Lithium ion battery

Telemetry, Tracking and Command S-band

Altitude and Orbit Control System

Star Sensor, Miniature Sun Sensors, Magnetometers Gyros, Miniature Micro Reaction Wheels, Magnetic Torques, single 1 N Hydrazine Thruster

Data Handling S-band

Data Storage 16 Gb Solid State Recorder

All about ims-1INDIAN MICRO SATELLITE (IMS-1) has been launched as co-passenger along with Cartosat-2A on 28-Apr-2008 onboard PSLV-C9. The micro satellite bus IMS-1 provides 3- axis stabilization with a mission life of 2 years.

IMS-1 is the first satellite in the micro satellite series envisaged to provide satellite platform within 100 kg class of payloads for earth images, space science, atmosphere, ocean studies etc. It carries two payloads viz., Four Band Multi Spectral CCD Camera (MxT) & Hyper Spectral Imager (HySi-T). The spacecraft is designed such that payload will be earth pointing during imaging operations and solar panels will be sun pointing during nonimaging periods for maximum power generation. The Hyper-spectral imager first flown onboard IMS-1 to evaluate and validate the payload is similar to the one flown in Chandrayaan-1 mission.

PayloadsThe Multi-spectral CCD camera is a 4- Band

camera with ground resolution of 37 meters and swath of 151 Km enabling real time imaging and its data reception in near real time and data product generation by the users. The payload can be used for the purpose of natural resources management like agriculture, forest coverage, land use as well as disaster management. The four spectral bands B1, B2 and B3 can be used for generating Natural Colour Composite Data Products and bands B2, B3, and B4 are used for False Colour Composite Data Products. These bands are selected keeping in mind the application of natural resource management.

Hyper Spectral Imager (HySi-T) is one of the two onboard imaging payloads. It is an imager for ocean and atmosphere study of earth surface in large number of bands with high spectral resolution. The instrument shall have 64 bands in the spectral zone from 400 nm to 950nm. The imager using specific optics will collect and focus the solar reflection from the earth’s surface on to an area detector. The collecting optics for HySI-T is a multielement lens assembly with a thermal filter at the front.

Rise of a

new dawn

Some pictures of ims

kepler 22bKepler-22b is an extra solar planet orbiting G-type star Kepler-22.It is located 600 light years away from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus. It was discovered by NASA's Kepler Space Telescope and is the first known transiting planet to orbit within the habitable zone of a Sun-like star. Discovery and observation. The planet's first transit in front of its host star was observed on Kepler's third day of scientific operations, 12 May 2009. The third transit was detected in late 2010. Additional confirmation data was provided by the Spitzer Space Telescope and ground-based observations. On December 5, 2011, the confirmation of the existence of Kepler-22b was announced.

Special images by IMS-1

Physical characteristicsKepler-22b's radius is roughly 2.4 times the radius of Earth. Its mass and surface composition remain unknown, with only some very rough estimates established: it has less than 124 Earth masses at the 3-sigma confidence limit, and less than 36 Earth masses at 1-sigma confidence. The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog gives a mass estimate of 6.36 Earth masses (and a radius of just 2.10 Earth radii) for the planet as of October 2012,after initially estimating it at ~10-35 Earth masses.Kepler-22b might be an "ocean-like" world. It might also be comparable to the water-rich planet GJ 1214 b although Kepler-22b, unlike GJ 1214 b, is in the habitable zone. An Earth-like composition is ruled out to at least 1-sigma uncertainty by radial velocity measurements of the system.It is thus likely to have a more volatile-rich composition with a liquid or gaseous outer shell; this would make it similar to Kepler-11f, the smallest known gas planet."If it is mostly ocean with a small rocky core," Natalie Batalha, one of the scientists on the project, speculated, "it's not beyond the realm of possibility that life could exist in such an ocean."This possibility of life has spurred SETI to perform research on top candidates for extraterrestrial intelligence. However, if the planet's carbon cycle has ceased due to lack of oceans and plate tectonics, Kepler-22b may turn out to be a searing, sterile super-Venus.

My destination

DESCRIPTION

According to our introduction, We would send satellites to the planet Kepler. One main satellites and 7 extra satellites would be sent to Kepler which would remain connected with the main sattelite. The main satellite on high altitude and the remaining 7 would move over its surface to study the thickness of the and depth of water. Among those 7 satellites, one would examine all the gases present in the atmosphere of Kepler 22b.

If NASA’S project named :GRAVITY RECOVERYwill be modified soon then it would be sent

with our satellites then we would be able to check the gravity of the planet Kepler. It would be only possible if they grant us thier kind help.

Nothing is

impossible

Some may have only heard about it while some would not have heard about the term neutrino. In this satellite I’m going to use neutrino as a propellant in my self designed space craft. Neutrino is an electrically neutral, weakly interacting elementary subatomic particle with half-integer spin.The neutrino (meaning "small neutral one" in Italian) is denoted by the Greek letter ν (nu). All evidence suggests that neutrinos have mass but that their mass is tiny even by the standards of subatomic particles. Their mass has never been measured accurately.

How to obtain neutrino?In 1942 Wang Ganchang first proposed the use of beta-capture to experimentally detect neutrinos. In the July 20, 1956 issue of Science, Clyde Cowan, Frederick Reines, F. B. Harrison, H. W. Kruse, and A. D. McGuire published confirmation that they had detected the neutrino, a result that was rewarded almost forty years later with the 1995 Nobel Prize.In this experiment, now known as the Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment, antineutrinos created in a nuclear reactor by beta decay reacted with protons producing neutrons and positrons:νe + p+ → n0 + e+The positron quickly finds an electron, and they annihilate each other. The two resulting gamma rays (γ) are detectable. The neutron can be detected by its capture on an appropriate nucleus, releasing a gamma ray. The coincidence of both events – positron annihilation and neutron capture – gives a unique signature of an antineutrino interaction.

Thank

U

PLZ HAVE A GLANCE AGAIN