INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Is the study of HUMAN BEHAVIOR in the work-related aspects of life and the application of knowledge of human behavior in minimizing human problems at work.

HUMAN WORK IS CONCERNED WITH THE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF ECONOMY. THE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PAST HUNDRED OF YEARS HAVE BROUGHT ABOUT MAJOR CHANGES IN THE NATURE AND ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN WORK LIKE MANUAL WORK TO THE PRESENT AUTOMATED WORK THEREBY CREATING JOBS IN THE CREATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MACHINES. THE CONTINUING TREND TOWARD AUTOMATION IS FURTHER ALTERING THE NATURE OF MANY JOBS.

PREMISES OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY

1. That INDUSTRY should produce those goods and services that fulfill the reasonable needs of consumers considering their physical welfare and personal values.

2. That it is desirable to increase the effectiveness of human involvement in the production and distribution of goods and services.

3. That in the PRODUCTION it is desirable to maintain or enhance certain HUMAN VALUES ( health, safety, job satisfaction,etc)

4. That marked disparities between the above objectives and their reasonable fulfillment are the sources of most of the human problems in industry.

5. That knowledge of and insight into human behavior gained through psychological research and through experience can help minimize such problems.

DEVELOPMENT OF IND’L. PSYCHOLOGY

THE EARLY INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS WERE CONCERNED ONLY WITH PROBLEMS OF PERSONNEL SELECTION, BUT THEIR INTEREST GREW AND EMBRACE OTHER AREAS , SUCH AS ADVERTISING AND SELLING, ACCIDENTS, AND EMPLOYEE RATING PROCESSES.

FOCAL CHANGES IN IND’L. PSYCHOLOGYToday, considerable interest is added in HUMAN RELATION aspects of Personnel Management with especial concern for group interaction,supervision and leadership process, communications and Job Satisfaction.

Parallel to this development during the past decades has been the development of HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING or simply ERGONOMICS...as it is called in other countries.

The objective of ERGONOMICS or HUMAN FACTOR ENGINEERING is to design physical equipment and facilities tailored to human abilities and limitations.

PSYCHOLOGISTS CALL THIS SEGMENT OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY as ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY

OBJECTIVE OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY

To provide the basis for minimizing some of the human problems in the industry.

MODUS OPERANDI OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY

1.Identification of problems to be treated.2.The use of various methods of collection and analysis of relevant data.3.The findings resulting from these methods and associated analyses.4. The application of such findings to the problems at hand.

IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEMS

1.Organizational ineffectiveness2.Inadequate job performance of people3.High personnel turnover rates4.Injuties5.Poor employee morale6.Dissatisfaction7.Controversy and occasional conflict8.Failure to fulfill the reasonable needs of consumers

Two Faces Of Industrial Psychology

1. As a RESEARCHER applying Science.

2. As a PROFESSIONAL applying knowledge and insight to solve practical problems.

Industrial Psychology as a PROFESSION

Examples: CONSULTANTSPROGRAM DEVELOPERINDIVIDUAL EVALUATION

Consultants:management developmentequipment designtraining methods

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT:develop and install training or personnel selection program

INDIVIDUAL EVALUATION:assess potentials of individuals for specific positions or promotionscounselling individuals themselves

CHAPTER 2BEHAVIORAL RESEARCHJob Related Behavior As A Factor For PRODUCTIVITY

Job related behaviors vary along two dimensions.

1.QUANTITATIVE – could be measured.

2. QUALITATIVE – could bequalified.

TYPES OF MEASUREMENT OFVARIABLES FOR BEHAVIOR

1. Nominal Scale – categorized asmale or female, rural or urban(places of residence), job classification( carpenter, plumber etc.), in education..degree holder, H.S. graduate

2. ORDINAL SCALE – is used tocharacterize the rank order onsome variable of individual cases in a sample, such as...Rankings of a group of employees according to job performance or the ranking of jobs according to pay level.

3. INTERVAL SCALE – it is used to know or understand human abilities and attributes... Such as a player’s statistical performance

4. RATIO SCALE – this is used to know the variables of physical measurement in carrying out various types of job activities.

BASIC RESEARCH STRATEGIES

Importance of Research:#To answer some questions.#Come up with a possible answer to the result obtained.

RESEARCH STRATEGY CAN BEDEVELOPED STARTING WITH THEFOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1. What variables need to be studied ?2. How should these variables be treated ?3. In what settings should the research be undertaken ?