Brown BagGuess what’s the topic? :D

2013-11-15

I’m introducing you how to build a….

SORT OF

Build [a lie]

[Set up] a Linux OS

Let’s look at some terms

● Distributions (Distros)● Package Managers

Distros

● Red Hat / Fedora● Debian / Ubuntu / Mint● and mooooooooore...

Package Manager

Handles dependenciesFormat usually are source or binary.

Source● portage - src

Binaries● apt - deb● yum - rpm● pacman - tar.gz● and moooooooore...

Build [a lie]

[Set up] a Linux OS

from scratch

Benefits?

What’s the benefits of setting up a linux OS from scratch?

Setting up a Linux OS from scratch often like building a houseOften it is very trivial a.k.a. mafan

So instead of building one, we often choose to purchase one.We choose to install a Linux OS with packages pre-installed.

Often it is a bloated, gluten OS.

So.. How ah?[Set up] a Linux OS from scratch

in 10 steps +/-

A simple, lightweight distribution

Let’s do it!1. Storage

○ Partition○ Format○ Mount

2. OS○ Base system○ File system table○ Initial Ramdisk Env○ Initial configurations○ Boot loader

3. Moooooore○ New user account○ Windows (not that WindowsTM)

in 10 steps +/-

0. Set Up VM

● Create a new VM● Attach ISO to the VM as storage● Start!

1. StoragePartition$ cfdisk <Storage-Device-Name>

Format $ mkfs.ext4 <Storage-Partition-Name>

$ mkswap <Storage-Partition-Name>

Mount$ mount <From> <To>

$ swapon <Storage-Partition-Name>

More: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning

$ cfdisk /dev/sda

$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

$ mkswap /dev/sda2

$ mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

$ swapon /dev/sda2

2. OS (Part 1 of 3)

Base System$ pacstrap -i <OS-Drive> base

File system table$ genfstab -U -p <OS-Drive> >> <OS-Drive>/etc/fstab

“Enter the OS”$ arch-chroot <OS-Drive>

Initial Ramdisk Environment$ mkinitcpio -p linuxfstab: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstabchroot: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Chrootinitrd: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/mkinitcpio

$ pacstrap -i /mnt base

$ genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

$ arch-chroot /mnt

$ mkinitcpio -p linux

2. OS (Part 2 of 3)

Initial configurations# Set timezone

$ ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/<Continent>/<City>

# Set clock

$ hwclock --systohc --utc

# Set hostname

$ echo archieVM > /etc/hostname

# Enable dhcp client

$ systemctl enable dhcpcd

# Set password for root

$ passwd

$ ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Kuala_Lumpur /etc/localtime

$ hwclock --systohc --utc

$ $ echo archieVM > /etc/hostname

$ systemctl enable dhcpcd

$ passwd

2. OS (Part 3 of 3)

Boot loader$ pacman -S <package>

$ grub-install --target=<architecture> --recheck <Storage-Device-Name>

$ grub-mkconfig -o <grub-config-location>

Restart!$ exit

$ reboot

fstab: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstabinitrd: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/mkinitcpio

$ pacman -S grub

$ grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda

$ grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

$ exit

$ reboot

3. More (Part 1 of 2)

Create new user account$ useradd -m -G <other-groups> <username>

$ passwd <username>

Windows $ pacman -S xorg-server xorg-server-utils xorg-xinit mesa xf86-video-vesa alsa-utils mesa-libgl

$ pacman -S openbox

Restart$ rebootX-Windows: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_SystemOpenbox: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Openbox

$ useradd -m -G users sianlerk

$ passwd sianlerk

$ pacman -S xorg-server xorg-server-utils xorg-xinit mesa xf86-video-vesa alsa-utils mesa-libgl

$ pacman -S openbox

$ reboot

3. More (Part 2 of 2)

Windows <logged in as non-root>

$ echo exec openbox-session > ~/.xinitrc

$ startx

<logged in as sianlerk>

$ echo exec openbox-session > ~/.xinitrc

$ startx