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Presentation by Rod Lefroy for the CIAT KSW 2009
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Integrating CIAT Research in Asia
… in Asia
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
• Reinhardt Howeler: CIAT’s contribution to cassava production in Asia
• Overview of activities Cassava Forages and livestock systems Linking farmers to markets New areas Partnerships Issues
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Cassava
Production: 16% 54% 30%Trade: 95%
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
• Continued links between breeding / pre-breeding and the germplasm collection in Cali with breeders in Asia (especially Thailand and China)
• Development of waxy cassava for Thailand with Thai breeders and supported by the Thai Tapioca Development Institute (TTDI)
Cassava breeding for Asia
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Cassava production systems
• 50% of the 3.8 million ha grown to cassava in Asia is planted with CIAT-related varieties
• Much higher percentages in some countries:Thailand (98), Cambodia (80), Vietnam (70), China (30), Burma (20), Indonesia (19)
• Adoption of new varieties and improved agronomy has increased average yields by 50% and by even more in some countries
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Cassava pest and diseases
Develop a response in terms of:• Immediate quarantine measures• Monitoring pests and diseases• Confirm species• Identify, rear, and
introduce biological control agents
• Initiation of breeding strategies
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Eco-Efficiency of production & processing
• Erosion control • Site specific nutrient
recommendations• ISFM
• Waste utilization & management
• Processing
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Cassava for higher altitudes
• 750 sexual seeds from crosses from LAC highlands
• March 2009: 6 promising breeding lines being evaluated at 1,300 masl
• Develop “elite genotypes” for testing with farmers
• Impact of Climate Change?
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Cassava for Biofuel• IFAD ICRISAT-CIAT
– sweet sorghum – jatropha– cassava (Cali / CLAYUCA / Asia)
• IFAD 4FGF• Breeding/selection for
more efficient conversion to ethanol
• Smallscale processing• Smallholder production
systems & links to processors
• Biogas and CDM
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Forage and Livestock Systems
• Legumes for Pigs Project - technology: ↑ growth and ↓ labour- scaling-out: Pig Systems Development Alliance
• Improved Ruminant Production- focus: technologies & systems- stakeholders:
• Grasses for Fish
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Legumes for Pigs Project Strategy
Stylo for pigs
• How does it work?• Can it be improved?
Reaching poor
households• Government
extension service • NGOs & projects
Learningalliance
• platform for sharing knowledge + training• linking people and organizations
DevelopmentResearch•Understand the
production systems
•Understand the impactof Stylo 184 (science)
• Improve feeding systems
• Identify other feeding options
•Convince partners of the benefits so they are interested to scale out
•Support scaling out (knowledge, tools, seed)
•Build capacity
•Feedback to research
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Districts with direct project activities
Government staff + CIAT
Geographic Reach
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Geographical reach through Alliance partners
NGOs, Development Projects &
Government staff + CIAT
Geographic Reach
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Households growing Stylo 184 assupplementary feed for pigs, 2006-2008.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
Nu
mb
er
of
farm
ers
NGO
District extension
Number of households growing Stylo for pigsScaled out by (1) NGOs and other development partners(2) directly by district extension services in project target villages
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Factors contributing to success1. An entry technology with significant benefits to farmers
– a powerful incentive for working together
2. A common goal, commitment and like-minded professionals
Improving livelihoods of poor smallholder farmers through more efficient and sustainable agriculture and livestock production.
Many shared additional common goals: - providing significant benefits to women and ethnic minorities- use of participatory approaches to work with local communities
3. Respect for each others organisational values, skills, and contributions
4. Recognition of the benefits of joining in an alliance and working together in reaching the goals of their own projects
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Challenges
• Different institutional cultures and procedures of partner organisation such asDifferences in remuneration Lack of access to operational funds Disincentives for sharing information Staff turnoverBureaucratic procedures
• Real and important constraints but benefits of participation sufficient to manage these challenges
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Ruminant Systems in Central Vietnam
Daklak Province
Ea Kar District
Vietnam
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Project focus
Improving household income and building innovation
capacity for cattle development
Developing and integrating forage technologies with
farmers
Improving cattle production through forage-based
feeding systems
2007 – 2009FAP
2000 – 2002FSP
2003 – 2005LLSP
Moving from forages to impacts
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Project activities and outcomes
2007 – 2009FAP
2000 – 2002FSP
2003 – 2005LLSP
Evaluation of forage varieties with individual farmers
Developed appropriate forage technologies for cattle
Improving feeding systems with farmer groups Scaling out forage-based feeding systems Improved cattle productivity and income
Moving from simple issues to systems issues
Continued improving feeding systems and scaling out
Changed cattle production system to stall feeding, cross bred cattle, and more market-oriented production
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Main stakeholders
Researchers (CIAT, TNU, NIAH) + district extension office + key farmers in 4 villages
All Stakeholders from first stage + district government + commune government+ farmer groups + commune extension workers + district farmer and women’s union
Moving from simple research partnerships to
complex R&D multi-stakeholder relationships
All stakeholders from second stage + additional communes and farmer groups + cattle traders + agricultural banks + other district departments (e.g. policy, planning)
2006 – 2008FAP
2000 – 2002FSP
2003 – 2005LLSP
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Adoption of Forages
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Years
Num
ber o
f hou
seho
lds
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Changes in cattle population and cattle sales
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Cat
tle p
opul
atio
n
• Cattle population in the District doubled from 2003 to 2005
• Mean increase for the Province only 7%
• Cattle pop. stable from ‘05Number of animals sold: 8000 in 2005 15,000 in 2008
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Stakeholder linkages 2002
CIAT & NIAH
District extension
office
Key farmers
TNU
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Stakeholder linkages 2005
TNU (+CIAT, NIAH)
District extension
office
Farmer groups
District farmer & women’s
union
District government
Commune extension workers
Commune government
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Stakeholder linkages 2008
TNU (+CIAT, NIAH)
District extension office
Farmer groups
District farmer & women’s union
District government
Commune extension workers
Commune government
Traders
Banks
Other district departments
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Linking Farmers to Markets
• Smallscale Agroenterprise Development in the Uplands (SADU):VietnamLaos
• Food, Feed, Fibre, and Fuel for a Greener Future (4FGF):Linking smallholders to agribusiness / processingBenefits to processors: feedstock supply and waste
managementBenefits to smallholders through market engagement
• Inputs to all other projects/programs: Forages, Cassava
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
SADU Vietnam• Development:
Develop impact-oriented, pro-poor value chain pilots
• Research:Assess processes, outcomes, impacts and lessons
• Development:Mainstream approaches, tools and lessons
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Research
Extension
Research
Delivery / Development
New Research
“Proof of concept”
“Proof of delivery”
“Delivery”
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
SADU Vietnam• Development:
Develop impact-oriented, pro-poor value chain pilots
• Research:Assess processes, outcomes, impacts and lessons
• Development:Mainstream approaches, tools and lessons
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
SADU VietnamDevelopment of value chain pilots:
Cassava
Cattle
Potato
Persimmon
Chayote
Banana
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
SADU Vietnam
Value Chain Interventions: Market linkage development Transition to more commercial and competitive
production systems Collective action for market access Development of commercial support services and
input distribution chains Improvements in the design and implementation of
contract farming schemes Market-oriented diversification
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
SADU Vietnam
• Documentation of approaches, processes, and lessons
• Sharing of lessons• Development of manuals• Training, mentoring, and
advisory services
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
SADU VietnamEmerging results: More resilient, competitive, and sustainable smallholder
production and marketing systems Direct income benefits to resource-poor and ethnic
minority farming households Marketing extension curriculum developed for:
- National Agricultural and Forestry Extension Centre- College for Managers of Agriculture and Rural
Development- Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry
Lessons:- Entry points for intervention- Working with agribusiness for pro-poor innovation- Strategic use of subsidies for scalability and sustainability
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
SADU Laos
Value chains• current key markets:
livestock - pigs, cattle and buffalo; non-timber forest products – passion-fruit, porsaa (paper mulberry).
• re-entering maize; looking to other key strategic, pro-poor value chains… • exiting some locally focussed chains: poultry, goats, chilli, bananas…
Key achievements• adaptation and publication of CIAT Agro-Enterprise
Development field facilitators guide (IPG)• platform for scaling up, linkages, information and conflict resolution• conditions for supporting development of service providers• Learning Alliance with NGOs – provision of training and mentoring support • Capacity building with national, provincial and district MAF staff
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Research areas
• Understanding impacts and equity for different groups within market chains
• Targeting impacts on key beneficiaries through market chain interventions
• Results measurement – additionality, displacement, multipliers
• Further tools to support the’ agro-enterprise development process’, and capacity building
• Mechanisms for engagement with an opportunistic, short-term focussed private sector in Laos
• National government policy support – enabling environments for trade
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Small-scale Agro-enterprise Development in the Uplands of the Lao PDR (SADU)
New business models for sustained trading relationships
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Rural Households,
Farmer Groups
Cassava Production
LivestockProduction
Small-scaleProcessing(wet starch)
rootsleaves
processing “wastes”
Forages & Food Crops
manure
manure
biogas
Potential markets for wet starch:• dry starch• starch derivatives (maltose, etc)• locally processed foods• ethanol (biofuel)• bioplastics
Food, Feed, Fuel, and Fiberfor a Greener Future (“4FGF”)
• Linking farmers to higher-value agro-industrial markets• Diversifying livelihoods, improving eco-efficiency of smallholder production systems
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
New Areas of activity / linkages
• Spatial Analysis - DAPA
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Spatial Analysis
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Climate Change study in the Lao PDR
• GTZ Lao-German Land Policy Development Project
• For whole country &focus on 4 Provinces
• 3 Scenarios• 2020 and 2050• Impacts on land use• Assessment with villagers
- how have things changed- what adaptations approp.
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Cassava current Cassava 2020
Suitability change
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Partnerships & Linkages
• CGIAR and AROs: Joint projects: ICRISAT & CIP Location in CIAT office:
• ILRI: EcoHealth approaches to Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Diseases (EcoZEID)
• IWMI: currently – location of 2 Lao-based staffsoon – build extension
Secondments: JIRCAS – hydrologist & economist
• Graduates / students: Fourth round of Zamorano graduates GMMF: 10 awards (Vn: 4, Kh: 2, My: 2, La: 1, Ch: 1) BOKU, German MScs UQ PhD
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Partnerships & Linkages (cont.)China• Agreements with CATAS, GSCRI, YAAS, and CAAS• CIAT-CAAS Forum to progress collaboration with China/CAAS,
Beijing 17-21 AugustVisit to partners/potential partners in CAAS institutions Introduction of CAAS and CIAT Beans - Crop Science Institute & YAAS Forages - Institute of Animal Sciences & CATAS Biotech - Biotechnology Research Institute & ? Rice - China National Rice Research Institute & YAAS Cassava – GSCRI-CATAS
India• Cassava: pests and diseases & biofuel• CTCRI, Private Sector, …
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Eco-Efficient Agriculture
• “Regions are the integrators”
• Comfortable as it is what we are doing
• Provides a useful checklist for activities – no great change
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Communications • Documentation, website, …all pretty poor
Try to get an intern • Interactions between project, programs, regions
Reaching End Users • Part of the Strategic Plan and MTP or not?• The “good” development partners
- Learning alliances, Partnerships, etc. The “less good” development partners- Buy in the technologies / consultants
Some Issues
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Visibility of the Regions • Part of the Strategic Plan and MTP or not?
Reaction of donors
Programs “Lost in LAC” or just Lost• DAPA• Linking Farmers to Markets• Cross-cutting projects/activities
Some Issues
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor
Thank you