© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1

IPv6 and IP Multicast… better together?Steve Simlo – Product Manager NOSTG

ssimlo@cisco.com

June 2014

@stevesimlo

Steve Simlo

© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2

Why IPv6 and Multicast are important?

Research & Discovery

Energy Efficiency

Predictive maintenance

Industrial Automation

SmartHome

Defense

Asset tracking

Intelligent Building

Smart Cities Smart Grid

Car 2 CarAgriculture

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Live content consumption by generations

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Live Stream Growth

* Ingress streams to Akamai network Source: Akamai Packet Video Workshop 2013 presentation

*

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IETF-hotel Wi-Fi – London 2014• Collected by a mostly silent node in promiscuous mode

• 75% of IPv6 traffic was multicast

3% 5%

30%

2%

49%

11%

IPv6 Multicast Traffic

mcast RS mcast RAmcast NS mcast NAmDNS LLMNR

NS from ::18%

NS host for routers39%

NS router for hosts30%

NS host for hosts12%

Multicast NS

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Unicast vs. Multicast Scaling

Server

Router

Unicast

Server

Router

Multicast

Number of Streams

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IPv6 Address Family

IPv6 Address Family

Multicast AnycastUnicast

Assigned Solicited Node

Unique Local Link Local Global Special Embedded

*IPv6 does not use broadcast

WellKnown

Temp

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Multicast Application Types

• Audio/Video• Push Media• Distribution• Announcement• Monitoring

• Market Data Applications• Conferencing• Sharing Resources• Games• Others

• Resource Discovery• Data Collection• Others

One to Many

Many to Many

Many to One

Multicast Applications

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Rendezvous points and trees

http://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cherry-tree-prunus-avium-on-grass-field-isolated-on_white-13136197http://www.shutterstock.com/pic.mhtml?src=PS5DwrRy6S3EBRIUs8iKRA-1-1&id=44779297

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It’s All About Trees• Mechanism for transmitting

information from a single source (root) to many receivers (leaves)

• Single copy of a datagram is sent from the source and replicated through the tree to receivers

• No restriction on physical or geographical boundary

Source

Do

wn

the

tree

Single copyof datagram

Replication

ReceiversReceivers

Replication

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Source trees – S comma G’s (S,G)

Source 1Source 2

Source 3

(S1,G)(S2,G)(S3,G)

The good• Optimal forwarding

• No RP needed

The bad• Needs more memory

• Either needs receiver signalling (MLDv2) or RP discovery / announcement

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Shared trees and Star comma G’s (*,G)

Source 1Source 2

Source 3

Rendezvous Point

(*,G))

The good• Needs less memory

The bad• Traffic may be flooded to all active receivers

• Forwarding path may be suboptimal

• RP discovery, announcement, management absolutely needed

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Building trees….Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)

http://inhabitat.com/photos-acros-japan-is-a-mountainous-green-roofed-pyramid-planted-with-trees/

• PIM Sparse Mode

• PIM BiDir(ectional)

• Source Specific Multicast

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RP Announcement options PIMv6

• PIM-SM and PIM-BiDir require a method to discover RPs (and related groups)

• Static RP assignment

Provides static group-to-RP mapping

Anycast address may be used for redundancy

• Embedded-RP (RFC 3956)

RP and associated group address embedded in IPv6 multicast address

Single RP address only can be mapped to a group, no PIM BiDir support

Anycast address may be used for redundancy

• Boot-Strap Router (BSR) (RFC 5059)

Provides automated group-to-RP mapping and RP redundancy

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PIMv6 – good news and good news !

• PIMv6 implements PIM SM, SSM and BiDir

• PIMv6 has standardised and rationalised RP announcements

• PIMv6 has no dependency on Interdomain MSDP peering

• PIMv6 does not implement Dense Mode

• More modern devices support MLD version 2 (needed for PIM SSM)

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PIMv6 – more good news and good news !

• IGMPv1 behaviour

• Dense Mode

• MSDP

• Auto RP

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Internet Scale Multicast:Automatic Multicast without explicit Tunneling (AMT)

• Latest spec (as of April 2014)–http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-mboned-auto-multicast-

17

–Allow multicast content distribution to extend to unicast-only connected receivers

–Bring the flat scaling properties of multicast to the Internet

• Provide the benefits of multicast wherever multicast is deployed

–Let the networks which have deployed multicast benefit from their deployment

• Work seamlessly with existing applications

–No OS kernel changes

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MLD Snooping and link local multicast – RFC 3590

MLD

MLD

PIM

IPv6 uses MLDv2 for Link Local GroupsThe original specification of the Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol (MLD) for IPv6 [RFC 2710] mandates the use of a link-local IPv6 source address for the transmission of MLD messages. In addition, MLD also requires nodes to send MLD Report messages when joining any IPv6 multicast group (except the All-Nodes address and addresses of scope less than 2).

MLD Snooping usually cannot filter these groups

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Zeroconf / Service Discovery over IPv6

Personal Computer Operating Systems• Windows• Mac OS X• Linux

Appliances & Networking• Printers• Access Points• Switches• Routers

AV Equipment• Speakers• Cameras• Displays• AV Receivers

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IPv6 Multicast and WiFi – avoid the “batteryfest”

All Multicast messages require ALL hosts on link to stay awake (1-10ms)

Even if the message is not for them

Multicast [on WiFi, battery/sleepy nodes]

Wasting bandwidth – sent promiscuously as broadcast

Waking up hosts unnecessarily

Looking at ND (RS, RA, DAD, address resolution)

Duplicate address detection

Currently requires always-on to defend address

Related DAD issues

Not robust against packet loss

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IPv6 and Solicited RA’s – RFC 4861

New command added "ipv6 nd ra solicited unicast”

Old behavior: solicited RAs multicastNew behavior: Allows solicited RAs to be unicast

In addition to sending periodic, unsolicited advertisements, a router sends advertisements in response to valid solicitations received on an advertising interface. A router MAY choose to unicast the response directly to the soliciting host's address (if the solicitation's source address is not the unspecified address), but the usual case is to multicast the response to the all-nodes group.

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Router Advertisement (RA) Throttler

Router Solicitation (RS)

Triggered (RA)

Scaling the 802.11 multicast reliability issues NDP process is multicast “chatty”, consumes airtime Rate limit RA’s from the legitimate router Inspect the RS, convert the responding RA to L2 Unicast

Periodic (RA’s)

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Neighbor Discovery (ND) Multicast Suppression

(NS)

00:24:56:75:44:33 2001:db8:0:20::200:24:56:11:93:28 2001:db8:0:20::4

(Unicast NA)

(NS)(Unicast NA)

Scaling the 802.11 multicast reliability issues NDP process is multicast “chatty”, consumes airtime Caching allows the Controller to “proxy” the NA, based on gleaning Intercepting the NS and unicasting it over L2 to the target

2

4

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IPv6 Multicast Based Multimedia Services

• NTT-East rolled out native IPv6 multicast services instead of IPv4 offering IPTV, music and games:

https://www.ntt-review.jp/archive/ntttechnical.php?contents=ntr200911sf1.html

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IPv6 Multicast in Smartgrid Field Area Network

• FAN applications can leverage IPv6 Multicast services when addressing a group of end-points. In example:

o End-points firmware upgradeo AMI Head-end applications

o Demand reset messageso Demand response messageso Targeted pings Group of meters with

same read time/cycle• IPv6 Multicast has to be integrated in

network design of Utility NOC and WAN• On CG-Mesh, Field Area Router can act as

MLD proxy, therefore broadcasting the Multicast packet at Layer-2 on the Mesh

Public or Private IP

WAN

Cisco CG-NMSServer, DB

Cisco CG-NMSServer, DB

ASR 1000ASR 1000

AMI Head-End Servers, DB

AMI Head-End Servers, DB

PAN #1PAN #1PAN #2PAN #2 PAN #3PAN #3

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DT Terastream: End-to-End OptimizationThe Power of IPv6

Customer Access Aggregation

R1

R2

CoreService Production Peering

IP&Optical

Infrastructure Cloud

Mobile

Ethernet

xDSL

FTTH

IPv6

IPv4 Lightweight 4o6 - Softwire IPv4

Non-IP – MEF OAM Keyed IPv6 tunnel

Infrastructure Cloud

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Conclusions

• IPv6 deployment requires multicast

• IPv6 multicast services IN DEPLOYMENT TODAY allow bandwidth flexibility and savings for live streamed content delivery

• PIMv6 leverages IPv6 and optimizes

• IPv6 and Wireless have specific multicast considerations

• IPv6 and IP multicast….better together ? Absolutely…but look before you leap and understand where you are leaping to and why !

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IPv6 and Multicast Bedtime Stories

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References / more informationCisco IPv6 home page http://www.cisco.com/web/solutions/trends/ipv6/index.htmlCisco IPv6 Knowledge portal http://www.cisco.com/web/solutions/netsys/ipv6/knowledgebase/index.htmlCisco IPv6 Support community https://supportforums.cisco.com/community/netpro/network-infrastructure/ipv6-transitionDeploying IPv6 in the Internet Edge: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Borderless_Networks/Internet_Edge/InternetEdgeIPv6.htmlDeploying IPv6 in Campus Networks: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Campus/CampIPv6.html Deploying IPv6 in Branch Networks: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Branch/BrchIPv6.htmlSmart Business Architecture – IPv6 Guides:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns982/networking_solutions_program_home.html IPv6 FAN architecture white paper http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/energy/ip_arch_sg_wp.pdf Unified FAN architecture for Distribution Automation white paper

http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/energy/ida_wp.pdf Cisco FAN solution http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/energy/field_area_network.htmlCisco Blog IPv6 Tag http://blogs.cisco.com/tag/ipv6The Multicast Security Toolkit http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/multicast_toolkit.htmlCisco IP Multicast Security http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6593/products_ios_protocol_group_home.html

Certification, USGv6/IPV6RLPh2 https://www.iol.unh.edu/services/testing/ipv6/usgv6tested.phpRIPE554 http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ripe-554

© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 30© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 30

IPv6 and IP Multicast… better together?Steve Simlo – Product Manager NOSTG

ssimlo@cisco.com

June 2014

@stevesimlo

Steve Simlo